低渗透油藏储层裂缝预测技术研究
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摘要
吉林探区很多勘探开发领域均发育裂缝,本论文通过利用野外地质考察、岩心、测井、动态、地震等方面资料开展裂缝预测研究,取得如下成果及认识:
1.研究区裂缝类型有构造裂缝及成岩裂缝两种,裂缝走向为近南北向及近东西向两组,裂缝发育多组,砂岩裂缝以垂直缝、高角度缝为主,泥岩发育层面缝及“鸡笼状”杂乱裂缝。
2.砂岩裂缝发育段具有深浅双侧向及微电极系低值与低幅的特征、低密度值与高中子孔隙度的特征。
3.根据垂直裂隙会产生地震波传播的各向异性理论,通过三维地震资料叠前处理、裂缝储层的正演研究、岩石物理模型建立及裂缝属性分析,开展裂缝空间展布分析,预测结果与利用测井信息识别的裂缝及动态资料有较好的一致性。
4.构造应力场研究认为该区最大主应力方向为东西向,结合动态资料,该区东西向裂缝主要是开启的,而南北向裂缝是封闭的,同时对裂缝的形成机制进行了研究,储层的岩性、厚度及其组合是裂缝发育的内因,而构造运动却是裂缝发育的外因。
5.裂缝研究成果有效地指导了生产,在新北地区部署探井3口,落实可采储量182×104t,新立地区为开发井网调整及油藏建模提供了依据,预计可以提高采收率2%～3%。
Fractures are well developed in many petroleum exploration blocks in Jilin oilfield. After field geological observations and studies on well logging, seismic and dynamic data, several results have been attained and are discussed in the dissertation.
1. Two types of fractures are developed in the study area: structural and diagenetic, trending nearly NS and nearly WE and consisting of several groups of fractures. Vertical and sharp angled fractures are dominated in the sandstone, while bedding fractures and chicken-cage-like fractures are formed in the mudstone.
2. The fractures in the sandstone are characterized by deep and shallow lateral resistance and low micro electrode, as well as low density and high porosity.
3. Based on the theory that vertical fractures produce anisotropy of seismic transmission, fracture spatial distribution is analyzed and predicted through 3D seismic data pre-stake processing, the direct modeling of fractured reservoir layers, petrophysical model establishment and fracture attributes analysis. The prediction results have well concordance with that is identified by well logging and dynamic data.
4. The study of the structural stress field suggests that the maximum stress bearing be EW. Combined with dynamic data, the EW fractures in the field are open as the NS fractures are closed. Meanwhile, the fracture mechanism study shows that the lithology, thickness and assemblage of the reservoir layers are the internal factors for the development of fractures, while the tectonic movement is responsible externally.
5. The fracture study results have been successfully applied to production. Three exploratory wells are designed to spud in Xinbei area, fulfilling recoverable oil reserve 200×104 t. This lays the foundation for producing well network adjustment and oil reserve modeling, and 2%～3% increment of recoverable ratio is delineated.
1.研究区裂缝类型有构造裂缝及成岩裂缝两种,裂缝走向为近南北向及近东西向两组,裂缝发育多组,砂岩裂缝以垂直缝、高角度缝为主,泥岩发育层面缝及“鸡笼状”杂乱裂缝。
2.砂岩裂缝发育段具有深浅双侧向及微电极系低值与低幅的特征、低密度值与高中子孔隙度的特征。
3.根据垂直裂隙会产生地震波传播的各向异性理论,通过三维地震资料叠前处理、裂缝储层的正演研究、岩石物理模型建立及裂缝属性分析,开展裂缝空间展布分析,预测结果与利用测井信息识别的裂缝及动态资料有较好的一致性。
4.构造应力场研究认为该区最大主应力方向为东西向,结合动态资料,该区东西向裂缝主要是开启的,而南北向裂缝是封闭的,同时对裂缝的形成机制进行了研究,储层的岩性、厚度及其组合是裂缝发育的内因,而构造运动却是裂缝发育的外因。
5.裂缝研究成果有效地指导了生产,在新北地区部署探井3口,落实可采储量182×104t,新立地区为开发井网调整及油藏建模提供了依据,预计可以提高采收率2%～3%。
Fractures are well developed in many petroleum exploration blocks in Jilin oilfield. After field geological observations and studies on well logging, seismic and dynamic data, several results have been attained and are discussed in the dissertation.
1. Two types of fractures are developed in the study area: structural and diagenetic, trending nearly NS and nearly WE and consisting of several groups of fractures. Vertical and sharp angled fractures are dominated in the sandstone, while bedding fractures and chicken-cage-like fractures are formed in the mudstone.
2. The fractures in the sandstone are characterized by deep and shallow lateral resistance and low micro electrode, as well as low density and high porosity.
3. Based on the theory that vertical fractures produce anisotropy of seismic transmission, fracture spatial distribution is analyzed and predicted through 3D seismic data pre-stake processing, the direct modeling of fractured reservoir layers, petrophysical model establishment and fracture attributes analysis. The prediction results have well concordance with that is identified by well logging and dynamic data.
4. The study of the structural stress field suggests that the maximum stress bearing be EW. Combined with dynamic data, the EW fractures in the field are open as the NS fractures are closed. Meanwhile, the fracture mechanism study shows that the lithology, thickness and assemblage of the reservoir layers are the internal factors for the development of fractures, while the tectonic movement is responsible externally.
5. The fracture study results have been successfully applied to production. Three exploratory wells are designed to spud in Xinbei area, fulfilling recoverable oil reserve 200×104 t. This lays the foundation for producing well network adjustment and oil reserve modeling, and 2%～3% increment of recoverable ratio is delineated.
引文
[1]谭廷栋.碳酸盐岩油藏测井评价方法。现代石油测井论文集,1984.
[2]刘漪厚. 扶余裂缝型低渗透砂岩油藏[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[3]全永旺. 低渗透储层裂缝及其对油田后期开发影响.内江科技,2006.4
[4]刘子良. 魏兆胜,陈文龙等. 裂缝性低渗透砂岩油田合理注采井网.石油勘探与开发,2003 Vol.30 No.4 P.85-88
[5]Mallick, S., Craft, K., Meister, L., and Chambers, R., Determination of the principle direction of azimuthal anisotropy from P-wave seismic data: Geophysics, 1998, 63, 692—706
[6]Shen,F.and Toksoz, N., Scattering Characteristics in Heterogeneous Fractured Reservoirs From Waveform Estimation , Geophysical Journal International,2000,Vol 140, 251-265.
[7]Shen, F.,Wu,R.-S., and Gao, J.,2000, Scattering of P-S converted waves in fractured reservoirs, 70th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys, 2365-2368.
[8]Shen, F.,Sierra, J. and Toksoz, N.,1999,Offset-dependent attributes (AVO and FVO) applied to Fracture detection:69th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys, 776-779.
[9]Shen,F. and Toksoz, N.,1998, Scattering Characteristics in Heterogeneous Fractured Reservoirs From Waveform Estimation: 68th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., 1636-1639.
[10]Shen, F., Zhu, X. and Toksoz, N., 2002, Anisotropy of aligned fractures and P-wave azimuthal AVO response: Vol. 67, No.2, GEOPHYSICS.
[11]童亨茂,钱祥麟,储层裂缝的研究和分析方法,石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994 年第六期.
[12]曲寿利、季于新、王鑫,泥岩裂缝油气藏地震检测方法,石油工业出版社
[13] Thomsen, L., 1986, Weak elastic anisotropy, Geophysics, 51, 1954-1966.
[14]Thomsen, L., 1988, Reflection seismology over azimuthally anisotropic media, Geophysics, 53, 304-313.
[15]卢颖忠,黄志惠,管志宁,用常规测井资料识别裂缝发育程度的方法,测井技术,2000,24(6):428～432
[16]刘国权,新北地区中部组合油气储集类型的分析,1981 年,内部资料
[17]张素华,新立油田裂缝研究,1986 年,内部资料
[18]黄绍和,利用测井资料探讨天然裂缝储集层,1984 年,内部资料
[19]陈炎珍,裂缝型低渗透砂岩油藏开发模式及工艺技术系列研究,1992 年12 月,内部资料
[20]田崇鲁,大安油田储层构造裂缝描述与定量预测,1995 年,内部资料
[21]孙立功,新北油田高台子油层流体分布规律研究,1998 年,内部资料
[22]胡望水,吕炳全,张文军等,松辽盆地构造演化及成盆动力学探讨,2005年 1 月,40(1):16-31
[23]贾承造,何登发,陆洁民,中国喜马拉雅运动的期次及其动力学背景,石油与天然气地质,2004 Vol.25 No.2 P.123-126
[24]林景晔,林铁锋,朱德丰等,喜马拉雅运动与松辽盆地北部油气成藏的关系,2004 Vol.25 No.2 P.222-225
[25]余家仁,刘趁花,余忠,张金才等,野外模拟类比调查对油田地质研究的意义,新疆石油地质,2000 Vol.21 No.1 P.13-17
[26]昝立声,松辽盆地新北地区泥岩裂缝油气藏的成因及分布,大庆石油地质与开发,1986 Vol.5 No.4 P.25-28
[27]谭海芳,师桂祥,申海英等,利用常规测井资料识别砂泥岩中裂缝的方法研究,断块油气田,2004 No.6
[28]陈莹,谭茂金,利用测井技术识别和探测裂缝,测井技术,2003 Vol.27(增刊) P.11-14
[29]张昕,郑晓东,裂缝发育带地震识别预测技术研究进展,石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):724～730
[30]姜照勇,孟江,祁寒冰等,泥岩裂缝油气藏形成条件与预测研究,西部探矿工程,2006,124(8):94～95
[31]张金功,袁政文,泥质岩裂缝油气藏的成藏条件及资源潜力,石油与天然气地质,2002,23(4):336～339
[2]刘漪厚. 扶余裂缝型低渗透砂岩油藏[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[3]全永旺. 低渗透储层裂缝及其对油田后期开发影响.内江科技,2006.4
[4]刘子良. 魏兆胜,陈文龙等. 裂缝性低渗透砂岩油田合理注采井网.石油勘探与开发,2003 Vol.30 No.4 P.85-88
[5]Mallick, S., Craft, K., Meister, L., and Chambers, R., Determination of the principle direction of azimuthal anisotropy from P-wave seismic data: Geophysics, 1998, 63, 692—706
[6]Shen,F.and Toksoz, N., Scattering Characteristics in Heterogeneous Fractured Reservoirs From Waveform Estimation , Geophysical Journal International,2000,Vol 140, 251-265.
[7]Shen, F.,Wu,R.-S., and Gao, J.,2000, Scattering of P-S converted waves in fractured reservoirs, 70th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys, 2365-2368.
[8]Shen, F.,Sierra, J. and Toksoz, N.,1999,Offset-dependent attributes (AVO and FVO) applied to Fracture detection:69th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys, 776-779.
[9]Shen,F. and Toksoz, N.,1998, Scattering Characteristics in Heterogeneous Fractured Reservoirs From Waveform Estimation: 68th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., 1636-1639.
[10]Shen, F., Zhu, X. and Toksoz, N., 2002, Anisotropy of aligned fractures and P-wave azimuthal AVO response: Vol. 67, No.2, GEOPHYSICS.
[11]童亨茂,钱祥麟,储层裂缝的研究和分析方法,石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994 年第六期.
[12]曲寿利、季于新、王鑫,泥岩裂缝油气藏地震检测方法,石油工业出版社
[13] Thomsen, L., 1986, Weak elastic anisotropy, Geophysics, 51, 1954-1966.
[14]Thomsen, L., 1988, Reflection seismology over azimuthally anisotropic media, Geophysics, 53, 304-313.
[15]卢颖忠,黄志惠,管志宁,用常规测井资料识别裂缝发育程度的方法,测井技术,2000,24(6):428～432
[16]刘国权,新北地区中部组合油气储集类型的分析,1981 年,内部资料
[17]张素华,新立油田裂缝研究,1986 年,内部资料
[18]黄绍和,利用测井资料探讨天然裂缝储集层,1984 年,内部资料
[19]陈炎珍,裂缝型低渗透砂岩油藏开发模式及工艺技术系列研究,1992 年12 月,内部资料
[20]田崇鲁,大安油田储层构造裂缝描述与定量预测,1995 年,内部资料
[21]孙立功,新北油田高台子油层流体分布规律研究,1998 年,内部资料
[22]胡望水,吕炳全,张文军等,松辽盆地构造演化及成盆动力学探讨,2005年 1 月,40(1):16-31
[23]贾承造,何登发,陆洁民,中国喜马拉雅运动的期次及其动力学背景,石油与天然气地质,2004 Vol.25 No.2 P.123-126
[24]林景晔,林铁锋,朱德丰等,喜马拉雅运动与松辽盆地北部油气成藏的关系,2004 Vol.25 No.2 P.222-225
[25]余家仁,刘趁花,余忠,张金才等,野外模拟类比调查对油田地质研究的意义,新疆石油地质,2000 Vol.21 No.1 P.13-17
[26]昝立声,松辽盆地新北地区泥岩裂缝油气藏的成因及分布,大庆石油地质与开发,1986 Vol.5 No.4 P.25-28
[27]谭海芳,师桂祥,申海英等,利用常规测井资料识别砂泥岩中裂缝的方法研究,断块油气田,2004 No.6
[28]陈莹,谭茂金,利用测井技术识别和探测裂缝,测井技术,2003 Vol.27(增刊) P.11-14
[29]张昕,郑晓东,裂缝发育带地震识别预测技术研究进展,石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):724～730
[30]姜照勇,孟江,祁寒冰等,泥岩裂缝油气藏形成条件与预测研究,西部探矿工程,2006,124(8):94～95
[31]张金功,袁政文,泥质岩裂缝油气藏的成藏条件及资源潜力,石油与天然气地质,2002,23(4):336～339