AVO处理解释技术研究及应用
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摘要
利用AVO技术进行含油气性检测,前人已做了大量研究工作。而叠前三参数反演、利用AVO属性体和地震反演相结合来研究储层的物理特性等技术才刚刚开始。AVO地震数据体的物性特征反演可直接对岩性进行解释,预测地下岩性和流体的变化,满足当前岩性油气藏勘探对储层物性分析的需要。
作者在阅读众多AVO文献技术资料的基础上,较为深入、系统地描述了AVO精确理论,近似理论及AVO分析岩石物理学基础等基础理论。作者认为油储地球物理特征基础研究是AVO分析中的关键一环;它是连接测井、地质和地震之间的桥梁,它能把各种地震信息准确地转换成为岩性、物性、含油气性等地质信息。
文中在对AVO分析基本方法—正、反演的论述基础上,开展小草湖工区AVO正演模拟,研究砂岩在含气状况下的AVO响应特征,以确定岩性、物性和含油气性对AVO响应特征的影响;建立了该区储层砂岩的解释模式,确保AVO含气检测的准确性。
叠前储层描述工作可以充分挖掘地震资料的潜力,是对目前储层描述技术的一个扩展。针对大港港东地区浅层常规叠后地震技术区分岩性比较困难的情况,此次研究加入叠前地震信息,开展了弹性参数分析,为了提高岩性与流体识别的潜力,增加横波速度和密度资料。叠前三参数反演获得的岩性剖面与测井曲线划分的砂泥岩类型基本一致,综合分析后,在该区发现3个有力目标区块。充分利用AVO反演属性体,运用多种先进技术手段开展叠前属性综合分析,对储层分布、物性参数等进行精细预测,在大港歧口凹陷西斜坡岩性区ES1、ES3段发现了一系列有利目标砂体。
利用叠前AVA地震资料反演地下介质的纵、横速度,可以为地层岩性、储层物性及含油气性解释提供丰富的弹性参数信息。AVO属性体和地震反演相结合,可以提供一种新的储层岩性识别、物性预测和流体检测方法。
Research of AVO for hydrocarbon detection has been undertaken by many researchers in the last two decade. But prestack three-parameters inversion, AVO attributes volume and seismic inversion jointly help to study physical properties of reservoir rock is just at the beginning. AVO inversion result can be used directly for lithology interpretation and liquid prediction so that it can fullfill the needs of petrophysical properties analysis of stratigraphical and lithological reservoir.By reading literatures on AVO, the author studied systematically AVO precise theory, AVO approximate theory and petrophysics basis for AVO analysis and understood that the geophysical characteristics study of the oil-bearing reservoir is the key issue and acts as the bridge jointing well logging, geology and geophysics. It is based on the geophysical characteristics study of the reservoir that various seismic dara can be converted to geological information on lithology, petrophisical properties and hydrocarbon bearing.The thesis systematically discussed the basic AVO analysis methodology of forward modelling and inversion, and took the Xiaocaohu block of the Tuha Oilfield as the example for AVO forward modelling to study AVO response characteristics of sand with different percentage of gas bearing. In order to understand the effect of lithology, petrophisical properties and hydrocarbon bearing on AVO response characteristics, and furthermore to classify the AVO types of sand reservoir rock, buildup interpretation template for the block, and so that to assue the accuracy of gas detection result.Prestack reservoir description research expands reservoir description from poststak to prestack seismic data. For the Dagang Gangdong area, seismic technology based on poststack data are difficult to help to understand lithology variation, so the research focused on elastic parameter analysis based on prestack seismic data and
作者在阅读众多AVO文献技术资料的基础上,较为深入、系统地描述了AVO精确理论,近似理论及AVO分析岩石物理学基础等基础理论。作者认为油储地球物理特征基础研究是AVO分析中的关键一环;它是连接测井、地质和地震之间的桥梁,它能把各种地震信息准确地转换成为岩性、物性、含油气性等地质信息。
文中在对AVO分析基本方法—正、反演的论述基础上,开展小草湖工区AVO正演模拟,研究砂岩在含气状况下的AVO响应特征,以确定岩性、物性和含油气性对AVO响应特征的影响;建立了该区储层砂岩的解释模式,确保AVO含气检测的准确性。
叠前储层描述工作可以充分挖掘地震资料的潜力,是对目前储层描述技术的一个扩展。针对大港港东地区浅层常规叠后地震技术区分岩性比较困难的情况,此次研究加入叠前地震信息,开展了弹性参数分析,为了提高岩性与流体识别的潜力,增加横波速度和密度资料。叠前三参数反演获得的岩性剖面与测井曲线划分的砂泥岩类型基本一致,综合分析后,在该区发现3个有力目标区块。充分利用AVO反演属性体,运用多种先进技术手段开展叠前属性综合分析,对储层分布、物性参数等进行精细预测,在大港歧口凹陷西斜坡岩性区ES1、ES3段发现了一系列有利目标砂体。
利用叠前AVA地震资料反演地下介质的纵、横速度,可以为地层岩性、储层物性及含油气性解释提供丰富的弹性参数信息。AVO属性体和地震反演相结合,可以提供一种新的储层岩性识别、物性预测和流体检测方法。
Research of AVO for hydrocarbon detection has been undertaken by many researchers in the last two decade. But prestack three-parameters inversion, AVO attributes volume and seismic inversion jointly help to study physical properties of reservoir rock is just at the beginning. AVO inversion result can be used directly for lithology interpretation and liquid prediction so that it can fullfill the needs of petrophysical properties analysis of stratigraphical and lithological reservoir.By reading literatures on AVO, the author studied systematically AVO precise theory, AVO approximate theory and petrophysics basis for AVO analysis and understood that the geophysical characteristics study of the oil-bearing reservoir is the key issue and acts as the bridge jointing well logging, geology and geophysics. It is based on the geophysical characteristics study of the reservoir that various seismic dara can be converted to geological information on lithology, petrophisical properties and hydrocarbon bearing.The thesis systematically discussed the basic AVO analysis methodology of forward modelling and inversion, and took the Xiaocaohu block of the Tuha Oilfield as the example for AVO forward modelling to study AVO response characteristics of sand with different percentage of gas bearing. In order to understand the effect of lithology, petrophisical properties and hydrocarbon bearing on AVO response characteristics, and furthermore to classify the AVO types of sand reservoir rock, buildup interpretation template for the block, and so that to assue the accuracy of gas detection result.Prestack reservoir description research expands reservoir description from poststak to prestack seismic data. For the Dagang Gangdong area, seismic technology based on poststack data are difficult to help to understand lithology variation, so the research focused on elastic parameter analysis based on prestack seismic data and
引文
[1] Ostrander, W.J.,Plane wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at non-normal angles of incidence, Geophysics, 49,1637-1648,1984.
[2] Koefoed, O., On the effect of Poisson's ratio of rock strata on the reflection coefficients of plane wave, Geophys. Prosp.,3,382-387,1955.
[3] Shuey, R. T., 1985, A simplification of the Zoeppritz-equations: Geophysics, Soc. of Expl. Geopbys., 50, 609-614.
[4] Castagna, J. P. and Swan, H. W., 1997, Principles of AVO crossplotting: The Leading Edge, 16, no. 04, 337-342.
[5] 郑晓东,1992:AVO理论和方法的一些新近展,《石油地球物理勘探》27,305-317。
[6] 郑晓东,1991,转换波和非转换波与射线参数p的关系,《地球物理学报》,34,781-787。
[7] 牛滨华、孙春岩,各向同性固体连续介质与地震波传播;北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[8] 牛滨华、孙春岩,半空间介质与地震波传播;北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[9] 殷八斤等,AVO技术的理论与实践;北京:石油工业出版社 1995
[10] 程冰洁、张玉芬,AVO简化方程的物理意义及其在油气识别中的应用,物探化探计算技术,2003 Vol.25 No.1:89—93
[11] Verm, R. and Hilterman, F., 1995, Lithology color-coded seismic sections: The calibration of AVO crossplotting to rock properties: The Leading Edge, 14, no. 08, 847-853
[12] 倪逸,弹性波阻抗计算的一种新方法,石油地球物理勘探,2003 Vol.38 No.2:147-150
[13] Connolly P,Elastic impedance,The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452
[14] 马劲风,许升辉、高乐,等,地震道反演面临的问题与进展,石油与天然气地质,2002 Vol.23 NO.4:321—324
[15] Gassmann, F.,1951, Uber die elastiztat poroser medien: Vierteljahrsschr. Der Naturforsch. Gesellschaft Zurich 96, 1-21.
[16] Biot, M. A., 1956a, Theory of propagation of elastic waves in fluid-saturated porous solid Ⅰ. Low frequency range: J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 28, 169-178.
[17] Biot, M. A., 1956b, Theory of propagation of elastic waves in fluid-saturated porous solid Ⅱ. High frequency range: J. Acoust. Soc.Am., 28, 179-191.
[18] Wyllie, M. R. J., Gregory, A. R. and Gardner, L. W., 1956, Elastic wave velocities in heterogeneous and porous media: Geophysics, Soc. of Expl. Geophys., 21, 41-70.
[19] Wang, Z., 2000, Fundamentals of seismic rock physics: Geophysics, 66, 398-412.
[20] 郑晓东、钱绍新,非零偏移距地震资料的正演和反演,六.五国家科技攻关项目《地震勘探特殊处理技术》成果,1985。
[21] 孙春岩、章明昱、牛滨华、黄新武,天然气水合物地震似海底反射现象AVO正演模型研究,现代地质,2003 Vol.17 No.3:337-343
[22] 王兴谋、韩文功、李红梅、王永刚,浅层岩性气藏地震检测的陷阱分析,石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003 Vol.27 No.1:19-22
[23] 潘仁芳、史松群、赵玉华,苏里格庙气田盒8段砂岩AVO正演模型研究,天然气工业,2002 Vol.22 No.5:7-10
[24] 唐建明,AVO纵横波反演,物探化探计算技术,2002 Vol.24 No.1:27-30
[25] Lu Shaoming & George A. Mcmechan. 2002. Elastic impedance inversion of multichannel seismic data to detect gas hydrate and free gas. 72th SEG Annual Meeting, Expanded Abstracts, AVO P1.6
[26] 赵明金、尚新民、王元庆、石林光、童思友、陈志卿,三维地震观测系统对AVO处理的影响,物探与化探,2003 Vol.27 No.1:1-4
[27] 李庆忠,走向精确勘探的道路[M] 北京:石油工业出版社 1993
[28] 李邗、何诚,AVO处理解释和岩性识别,物探化探计算技术,2003 Vol.25 No.2:145-150
[29] 王卫红、姜在兴、潘仁芳,AVO交会分析及其应用,西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),
[2] Koefoed, O., On the effect of Poisson's ratio of rock strata on the reflection coefficients of plane wave, Geophys. Prosp.,3,382-387,1955.
[3] Shuey, R. T., 1985, A simplification of the Zoeppritz-equations: Geophysics, Soc. of Expl. Geopbys., 50, 609-614.
[4] Castagna, J. P. and Swan, H. W., 1997, Principles of AVO crossplotting: The Leading Edge, 16, no. 04, 337-342.
[5] 郑晓东,1992:AVO理论和方法的一些新近展,《石油地球物理勘探》27,305-317。
[6] 郑晓东,1991,转换波和非转换波与射线参数p的关系,《地球物理学报》,34,781-787。
[7] 牛滨华、孙春岩,各向同性固体连续介质与地震波传播;北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[8] 牛滨华、孙春岩,半空间介质与地震波传播;北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[9] 殷八斤等,AVO技术的理论与实践;北京:石油工业出版社 1995
[10] 程冰洁、张玉芬,AVO简化方程的物理意义及其在油气识别中的应用,物探化探计算技术,2003 Vol.25 No.1:89—93
[11] Verm, R. and Hilterman, F., 1995, Lithology color-coded seismic sections: The calibration of AVO crossplotting to rock properties: The Leading Edge, 14, no. 08, 847-853
[12] 倪逸,弹性波阻抗计算的一种新方法,石油地球物理勘探,2003 Vol.38 No.2:147-150
[13] Connolly P,Elastic impedance,The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452
[14] 马劲风,许升辉、高乐,等,地震道反演面临的问题与进展,石油与天然气地质,2002 Vol.23 NO.4:321—324
[15] Gassmann, F.,1951, Uber die elastiztat poroser medien: Vierteljahrsschr. Der Naturforsch. Gesellschaft Zurich 96, 1-21.
[16] Biot, M. A., 1956a, Theory of propagation of elastic waves in fluid-saturated porous solid Ⅰ. Low frequency range: J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 28, 169-178.
[17] Biot, M. A., 1956b, Theory of propagation of elastic waves in fluid-saturated porous solid Ⅱ. High frequency range: J. Acoust. Soc.Am., 28, 179-191.
[18] Wyllie, M. R. J., Gregory, A. R. and Gardner, L. W., 1956, Elastic wave velocities in heterogeneous and porous media: Geophysics, Soc. of Expl. Geophys., 21, 41-70.
[19] Wang, Z., 2000, Fundamentals of seismic rock physics: Geophysics, 66, 398-412.
[20] 郑晓东、钱绍新,非零偏移距地震资料的正演和反演,六.五国家科技攻关项目《地震勘探特殊处理技术》成果,1985。
[21] 孙春岩、章明昱、牛滨华、黄新武,天然气水合物地震似海底反射现象AVO正演模型研究,现代地质,2003 Vol.17 No.3:337-343
[22] 王兴谋、韩文功、李红梅、王永刚,浅层岩性气藏地震检测的陷阱分析,石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003 Vol.27 No.1:19-22
[23] 潘仁芳、史松群、赵玉华,苏里格庙气田盒8段砂岩AVO正演模型研究,天然气工业,2002 Vol.22 No.5:7-10
[24] 唐建明,AVO纵横波反演,物探化探计算技术,2002 Vol.24 No.1:27-30
[25] Lu Shaoming & George A. Mcmechan. 2002. Elastic impedance inversion of multichannel seismic data to detect gas hydrate and free gas. 72th SEG Annual Meeting, Expanded Abstracts, AVO P1.6
[26] 赵明金、尚新民、王元庆、石林光、童思友、陈志卿,三维地震观测系统对AVO处理的影响,物探与化探,2003 Vol.27 No.1:1-4
[27] 李庆忠,走向精确勘探的道路[M] 北京:石油工业出版社 1993
[28] 李邗、何诚,AVO处理解释和岩性识别,物探化探计算技术,2003 Vol.25 No.2:145-150
[29] 王卫红、姜在兴、潘仁芳,AVO交会分析及其应用,西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),