少教所学员人格类型与自尊及相关因素研究
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摘要
青少年犯罪日益成为影响我国社会治安最严重的社会问题之一,预防和控制青少年犯罪十分迫切。在导致青少年犯罪的原因中心理因素起着重要的作用。本研究认为,诱发青少年犯罪行为产生的心理因素是一个因素体系,各因素间相互作用,每一个单一因素必须纳入到整个因素体系中去研究才可能全面把握青少年犯罪行为发生的特点与规律。因此,在已有研究基础上,本研究选择青少年劳教者的人格、自尊及成就动机、社会支持和应对方式作为个体心理因素,探索这些因素共同作用对犯罪行为发生的影响。
研究目的是对青少年劳教者的人格和自尊特点进行测查,并对与之相关的成就动机、社会支持和应对方式等心理变量及相互关系进行考查,以揭示这些因素共同作用对于青少年劳教者犯罪行为发生的影响,为少教工作者针对少教学员不同心理特点进行相应的心理辅导和行为矫治提供理论依据,提高少教学员的心理健康水平,并有助于对犯罪原因的了解、对青少年违法行为的预测和预防。
研究以河南省某少年教养管理所的97名学员为对象,采用测量法,测量量表包括艾森克人格量表(EPQ)、自尊量表(SES)、成就动机量表(AMS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)和自编一般情况问卷。对调查对象以不记名方式集体施测,调查数据的计算与统计分析采用SPSS(10.0)for Windows社会科学统计软件包,进行描述分析、显著性分析、聚类分析和相关分析。
研究得出以下结果:(1)少教学员人格量表P维度、N维度和L维度得分显著高于同龄青少年常模组,E维度得分与同龄青少年常模组无显著差异,表明他们具有高精神质、低掩饰性和神经质偏高(即情绪不稳定性高)的人格特质,主要表现为情绪不稳定、缺乏情绪控制力,倔强、攻击倾向、感情较淡漠和社会适应性差;(2)少教学员的自尊与成就动机、社会支持中的主观支持和支持利用度、
Juvenile delinquency is becoming one of the most serious social problems which influence the public security of our country, so it is very urgent to prevent and control it. Psychology is very important among the reason of juvenile delinquency. The author think, it is a factor system induce delinquency behavior, and the relationship among each factor is reciprocity, so each factor should been brought into the whole factor system to investigate which can find the features and the regular of the juvenile delinquency completely. Therefore, based on the former research,the paper choose personality characteristic, the self-esteem, theachievement motive, social support and coping style of the students in theJuvenile Cultivation Institution as individual mental factor, inquire into the common affect of those factors on juvenile delinquency behavior.The objective is to investigate the students' personality characteristic and the level of the self-esteem, and the relations amongthose and the achievement motive, social support and coping style,inquire into the common affect of those factors on juvenile delinquency behavior. To help the instructor do psychology counseling and correcting according to the students' personality characteristic, consequently toenhance the students' mental health, as well as to find out the cause ofdelinquency, to forecast and prevent delinquency behavior.Questionnaires were used to examine 97 students in the Juvenile Cultivation Institution of Henan province. The instruments employed
included The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) , The Self-Esteem Scale(SES), The Achievement Motive Scale(AMS, SocialSupport Review Scale(SSRS) , Simplified Coping StyleQuestionnaire(SCSQ) and Self-designed Questionnaire, Using SPSS(IO.O) for Windows social science stat software to compute andanalysis, and doing description analysis, notable analysis, cluster analysisand correlate analysis.The results of the research are as follows: (l)The students in the Juvenile Cultivation Institution have the personality of the highpsychoticism, the low lie and the higher neuroticism, that is, their main characters were unsteady emotion, hard to self-control, obstinacy,aggressive , indifferent and low social adjustability;(2)There was significant positive correlation between the self-esteem and the achievements motive, the subjective support, the using of support, and the positive coping style; There was significant negative correlation between the self-esteem and the motive of avoiding fail, negative copingstyle; (3)The score of the objects' social support was significant lower than the other research on junior high school students', so it's indicate that they received the least social support; (4) There were threepersonality types through cluster analysis, named them as the impulsive,the hostile and the stabilizer. (5)The students' self-esteem level correlation to their personality types. The stable students' self-esteemaverage is the highest, secondly is the hostile students, the impulsive students' is the lowest; (6)Different personality type students were
significant different in achievement motive, and no significant different in social support and coping style, but there was significant different in the specific item of coping style.Bases on the above conclusion, some educational suggestions are mentioned: (l)Do mental therapy and mental health education accordingto juvenile's individual character; (2)Founding psychology consultation>full-time psychology teacher and the class of psychology; (3)Using behavioral therapeutics to do personality and behavior correct mostly; (4)Give more social support, and prevent the bad social company;(5)Integrate family, school, community and social education, and foundmental health education network; (6)Perfect the legal system, cultivate the adolescent's thought of legal and consciousness of abiding by law. The innovation of the research includes: (l)Integration thepersonality character, the level of self-esteem, the achievement motive,social support and coping style of the students in the Juvenile Cultivation Institution as a factor system, through this way find the features and the regular of the juvenile delinquency completely; (2) Through cluster analysis, divided the students in the Juvenile Cultivation Institution into three personality types, and inquire into the relationship among differentpersonality types' self-esteem, the achievement motive, social support and coping style.
研究目的是对青少年劳教者的人格和自尊特点进行测查,并对与之相关的成就动机、社会支持和应对方式等心理变量及相互关系进行考查,以揭示这些因素共同作用对于青少年劳教者犯罪行为发生的影响,为少教工作者针对少教学员不同心理特点进行相应的心理辅导和行为矫治提供理论依据,提高少教学员的心理健康水平,并有助于对犯罪原因的了解、对青少年违法行为的预测和预防。
研究以河南省某少年教养管理所的97名学员为对象,采用测量法,测量量表包括艾森克人格量表(EPQ)、自尊量表(SES)、成就动机量表(AMS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)和自编一般情况问卷。对调查对象以不记名方式集体施测,调查数据的计算与统计分析采用SPSS(10.0)for Windows社会科学统计软件包,进行描述分析、显著性分析、聚类分析和相关分析。
研究得出以下结果:(1)少教学员人格量表P维度、N维度和L维度得分显著高于同龄青少年常模组,E维度得分与同龄青少年常模组无显著差异,表明他们具有高精神质、低掩饰性和神经质偏高(即情绪不稳定性高)的人格特质,主要表现为情绪不稳定、缺乏情绪控制力,倔强、攻击倾向、感情较淡漠和社会适应性差;(2)少教学员的自尊与成就动机、社会支持中的主观支持和支持利用度、
Juvenile delinquency is becoming one of the most serious social problems which influence the public security of our country, so it is very urgent to prevent and control it. Psychology is very important among the reason of juvenile delinquency. The author think, it is a factor system induce delinquency behavior, and the relationship among each factor is reciprocity, so each factor should been brought into the whole factor system to investigate which can find the features and the regular of the juvenile delinquency completely. Therefore, based on the former research,the paper choose personality characteristic, the self-esteem, theachievement motive, social support and coping style of the students in theJuvenile Cultivation Institution as individual mental factor, inquire into the common affect of those factors on juvenile delinquency behavior.The objective is to investigate the students' personality characteristic and the level of the self-esteem, and the relations amongthose and the achievement motive, social support and coping style,inquire into the common affect of those factors on juvenile delinquency behavior. To help the instructor do psychology counseling and correcting according to the students' personality characteristic, consequently toenhance the students' mental health, as well as to find out the cause ofdelinquency, to forecast and prevent delinquency behavior.Questionnaires were used to examine 97 students in the Juvenile Cultivation Institution of Henan province. The instruments employed
included The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) , The Self-Esteem Scale(SES), The Achievement Motive Scale(AMS, SocialSupport Review Scale(SSRS) , Simplified Coping StyleQuestionnaire(SCSQ) and Self-designed Questionnaire, Using SPSS(IO.O) for Windows social science stat software to compute andanalysis, and doing description analysis, notable analysis, cluster analysisand correlate analysis.The results of the research are as follows: (l)The students in the Juvenile Cultivation Institution have the personality of the highpsychoticism, the low lie and the higher neuroticism, that is, their main characters were unsteady emotion, hard to self-control, obstinacy,aggressive , indifferent and low social adjustability;(2)There was significant positive correlation between the self-esteem and the achievements motive, the subjective support, the using of support, and the positive coping style; There was significant negative correlation between the self-esteem and the motive of avoiding fail, negative copingstyle; (3)The score of the objects' social support was significant lower than the other research on junior high school students', so it's indicate that they received the least social support; (4) There were threepersonality types through cluster analysis, named them as the impulsive,the hostile and the stabilizer. (5)The students' self-esteem level correlation to their personality types. The stable students' self-esteemaverage is the highest, secondly is the hostile students, the impulsive students' is the lowest; (6)Different personality type students were
significant different in achievement motive, and no significant different in social support and coping style, but there was significant different in the specific item of coping style.Bases on the above conclusion, some educational suggestions are mentioned: (l)Do mental therapy and mental health education accordingto juvenile's individual character; (2)Founding psychology consultation>full-time psychology teacher and the class of psychology; (3)Using behavioral therapeutics to do personality and behavior correct mostly; (4)Give more social support, and prevent the bad social company;(5)Integrate family, school, community and social education, and foundmental health education network; (6)Perfect the legal system, cultivate the adolescent's thought of legal and consciousness of abiding by law. The innovation of the research includes: (l)Integration thepersonality character, the level of self-esteem, the achievement motive,social support and coping style of the students in the Juvenile Cultivation Institution as a factor system, through this way find the features and the regular of the juvenile delinquency completely; (2) Through cluster analysis, divided the students in the Juvenile Cultivation Institution into three personality types, and inquire into the relationship among differentpersonality types' self-esteem, the achievement motive, social support and coping style.
引文
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[2] 曲啸,林秉贤.罪犯心理学[M].北京:群众出版社,1988,3:305
[3] 罗大华.犯罪心理学[M].群众出版社,1993
[4] 杨坚,杨德森,龚耀先.违法犯罪男性青少年个性特征对照研究[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,1987,13(5):257～259
[5] 张伟,刘协和,霍克钧.违法犯罪青少年个性特征调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1993,7(3):115～116
[6] 孙春霞,李从培,方明昭,李舒然.艾森克个性问卷对男性犯罪少年个性特征的对照研究[J].中华精神科杂志,1996,11(2):233～235
[7] 陈玉惠,韩云涛,王泰华.失足青少年犯罪原因的个性心理调查分析[J].中国学校卫生,1996,17(4):278～279
[8] 苏月桐,傅以容.犯罪少年行为习惯及人格特征的调查[J].中国临床心理学杂志,1998,6(2):121～122
[9] 曹玉洁.青海省中学生与犯罪青少年性格特征比较[J].中国校医,1998,12(4):261～262
[10] 邓芸菁,窦刚,张锋.少年犯人格的基本特征及其相关因素的研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2000,8(3):160
[11] 刘丽君,李明杰,姜德利,董洪波.抢劫犯与盗窃犯的人格对照[J].健康心理学杂志,1998,6(3):350～353
[12] 张慧,樊旭辉.狱中犯人心理状况及个性调查分析[J].中国临床心理学杂志,1998,6(3):183～184
[13] 李慧民,王莉,王黎.犯罪青少年心理健康状况与个性特征的相关研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2002 10(4):311～312
[14] 蔡建红.犯罪青少年自尊水平及与家庭因素的关系[J].中国临床心理学杂志,1999,7(2):97～98
[15] 舒明跃,李从培.父母养育不当与青少年犯罪的相关性研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1989,3(5):193～197
[16] 王欣瑞,张根海,王二芳.青少年违法者父母养育方式调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1997,11(5):319,316
[17] 卢莉,李建平,张敏,朱玲.少年犯父母教养方式及个性特征研究[J].中国学校卫生,2001,2(1):54～55
[18] 孙春霞,李从培,方明昭.少年犯罪相关因素的综合性研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1993,7(3):117～119
[19] 张素馨,杨育林,孔祥荣.青少年犯罪心理特点分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1993,7(3):121～122
[20] 张素馨,杨育林,孔祥荣.青少年暴力犯罪的心理社会因素综合分析[J].中国行为医学科学,1995,4(1):25～27
[21] 贺玉芬,贾世浩,孙国英.青少年暴力性犯罪心理社会因素调查分析[J].中国公共卫生,1998,14(3):173～174
[22] 邓冰,罗虹,孙为国.青少年犯罪与家庭背景分析[J].中国校医,1997,11(5):325～327
[23] 郭传琴,翟静,刘素娟.157例违法犯罪青少年的有关因素调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1989,3(5):217～219
[24] 汪天德,汪颖琦.家庭与青少年犯罪的关系[J].青年研究,2000,4:42～49
[25] 金诚.网络对青少年犯罪的影响及防治对策研究[J].公安大学学报,2001,3:102～105
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