PLIN1基因与猪脂肪沉积性状的相关性研究
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摘要
PLIN1基因编码的脂滴包被蛋白是脂滴表面含量最丰富的蛋白,是调控脂类代谢的“分子开关”。脂肪沉积性状是判定猪肉质优劣的重要指标,目前关于PLIN1基因的研究多集中于人类脂代谢综合征上,有关猪PLIN1基因的报道较少。开展PLIN1基因与猪脂肪性状的相关性研究,并进一步在形态学基础上对所得结果进行分析,可拓展猪脂肪沉积机理的研究范围,为推动猪脂肪沉积机理的早日揭示打下基础。
随机选择190头杜×长×大三元商品杂交猪屠宰,采用常规方法测定背膘厚、肌内脂肪含量、大理石花纹、剪切力等脂肪沉积相关性状并采集样品。运用PCR-SSCP法对猪PLIN1基因第2、4外显子进行SNP筛查,采用一般线性模型分析所得基因型对脂肪沉积性状的影响作用。运用组织形态学分析方法进一步对PLIN1基因多态与脂肪性状的相关性结果进行分析。运用多种生物信息学分析工具分析和预测猪PLIN1基因及其蛋白物种间的同源性及结构、功能。
结果显示,在猪PLIN1基因第2、4外显子分别发现一处碱基替换突变。第2外显子的AA型背膘厚极显著高于AB和BB型(P<0.01),而AA型剪切力值极显著低于AB型和BB型(P<0.01);第4外显子的CD型背膘厚显著高于CC型(P<0.05),CD型肌内脂肪含量极显著高于CC型(P<0.01)。进行冰冻切片及数据分析发现脂肪面积百分数与肌内脂肪含量、大理石花纹呈正相关(P<0.05),肌内脂肪含量与大理石花纹呈正相关(P<0.01);脂肪面积百分数与肌内脂肪含量回归关系显著,呈二次方关系;PLIN1AA型和AB型脂肪面积百分数比BB型高,CD型比CC型高。生物信息学结果分析显示猪PLIN1基因与马、牛、绵羊、人、黑猩猩、狨、鸭嘴兽、小鼠、鸡的同源性达到89%、88%、87%、86%、86%、85%、82%、82%、77%;猪PLIN1蛋白含有多个磷酸化位点,并且含有多个疏水区;密码子偏爱性分析发现第2、4外显子突变导致了PLIN1基因选择使用频率不同的密码子。
结果表明,猪PLIN1基因第2、4外显子多态性对部分脂肪沉积性状有一定的影响;组织形态学分析方法能够很好地体现肌肉内脂肪沉积情况;猪PLIN1基因在哺乳动物中具有较高同源性;PLIN1基因第2、4外显子突变使该基因选择使用频率不同的密码子,可能会通过该途径影响PLIN1蛋白的活性。
Perilipin controlling lipid metabolism encoded by PLIN1 gene with the most abundant protein around the surface of lipid drops is called "Molecular Switch". Fat deposition traits are important indexes for the judgment of pork quality. Present researches on this gene were mainly in the aspects of fat metabolic syndrome of human, the PLIN1 gene of swine has been rarely reported. Studying on the relationship of the PLIN1 gene with fat deposition traits and further analyzing the results base in morphology could expand the extent of fat deposition mechanism, and promote the announcement of fat deposition mechanism.
190 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire hybrid pigs were random selected and slaughtered. Fat deposition traits, include back fat thickness, shear force, IMF, marbling were measured by routine methods and meat samples were collected. PCR-SSCP method was used for SNPs screening on the exon 2 and exon 4 of swine PLIN1 gene. Effect of the genotypes on fat deposition traits was analyzed based on general linear model. Morphology method was used to analyze the results of the correlation in PLIN1 gene mutations with fat deposition. The homology, the structure and the function of PLIN1 gene in different species and its protein were analyzed and forecasted by means of bioinformation tools. The results showed that one base substitution was found in the exon 2 and exon 4, respectively. Back fat thickness was higher in AA type of exon 2 than AB and BB types (P<0.01), but the shear force measurements was lower (P<0.01); both of the back fat thickness (P<0.05) and the IMF content (P<0.01) was higher in CD type of exon 4 than CC type; The results from frozen section and its data analysis demonstrated that fat area percentage was in a positive correlation with IMF and marbling (P< 0.05), the IMF was in a positive correlation with marbling (P< 0.01); The regression equation of fat percentage area with IMF content was significant, showing a quadratic relationship; The fat area percentage of AB and BB type was higher than BB type, and CD type was higher than CC type; Comprised with swine, the homology of PLIN1 gene was 89%, 88%, 87%, 86%, 86%, 85%, 82%, 82%, 77% in swine, horse, cow, human, sheep, chimpanzee, marmoset, platypus, mice, chicken, respectively; Many phosphorylation sites and hydrophobic areas exited in the protein of PLIN1; Analysis result of codon preference showed that the mutations of exon 2 and exon 4 converted PLIN1 gene to select the codons with different frequency.
The results indicate that the exon 2 and exon 4 mutations of swine PLIN1 gene has influence on fat deposition traits. Organization morphology analysis could reflect intramuscle fat deposition well. The homology of swine PLIN1 gene was conservative in the mammal relatively. Base substitutions of PLIN1 gene exon 2 and exon 4 maybe influence its protein activity by selecting the codons with different frequency.
随机选择190头杜×长×大三元商品杂交猪屠宰,采用常规方法测定背膘厚、肌内脂肪含量、大理石花纹、剪切力等脂肪沉积相关性状并采集样品。运用PCR-SSCP法对猪PLIN1基因第2、4外显子进行SNP筛查,采用一般线性模型分析所得基因型对脂肪沉积性状的影响作用。运用组织形态学分析方法进一步对PLIN1基因多态与脂肪性状的相关性结果进行分析。运用多种生物信息学分析工具分析和预测猪PLIN1基因及其蛋白物种间的同源性及结构、功能。
结果显示,在猪PLIN1基因第2、4外显子分别发现一处碱基替换突变。第2外显子的AA型背膘厚极显著高于AB和BB型(P<0.01),而AA型剪切力值极显著低于AB型和BB型(P<0.01);第4外显子的CD型背膘厚显著高于CC型(P<0.05),CD型肌内脂肪含量极显著高于CC型(P<0.01)。进行冰冻切片及数据分析发现脂肪面积百分数与肌内脂肪含量、大理石花纹呈正相关(P<0.05),肌内脂肪含量与大理石花纹呈正相关(P<0.01);脂肪面积百分数与肌内脂肪含量回归关系显著,呈二次方关系;PLIN1AA型和AB型脂肪面积百分数比BB型高,CD型比CC型高。生物信息学结果分析显示猪PLIN1基因与马、牛、绵羊、人、黑猩猩、狨、鸭嘴兽、小鼠、鸡的同源性达到89%、88%、87%、86%、86%、85%、82%、82%、77%;猪PLIN1蛋白含有多个磷酸化位点,并且含有多个疏水区;密码子偏爱性分析发现第2、4外显子突变导致了PLIN1基因选择使用频率不同的密码子。
结果表明,猪PLIN1基因第2、4外显子多态性对部分脂肪沉积性状有一定的影响;组织形态学分析方法能够很好地体现肌肉内脂肪沉积情况;猪PLIN1基因在哺乳动物中具有较高同源性;PLIN1基因第2、4外显子突变使该基因选择使用频率不同的密码子,可能会通过该途径影响PLIN1蛋白的活性。
Perilipin controlling lipid metabolism encoded by PLIN1 gene with the most abundant protein around the surface of lipid drops is called "Molecular Switch". Fat deposition traits are important indexes for the judgment of pork quality. Present researches on this gene were mainly in the aspects of fat metabolic syndrome of human, the PLIN1 gene of swine has been rarely reported. Studying on the relationship of the PLIN1 gene with fat deposition traits and further analyzing the results base in morphology could expand the extent of fat deposition mechanism, and promote the announcement of fat deposition mechanism.
190 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire hybrid pigs were random selected and slaughtered. Fat deposition traits, include back fat thickness, shear force, IMF, marbling were measured by routine methods and meat samples were collected. PCR-SSCP method was used for SNPs screening on the exon 2 and exon 4 of swine PLIN1 gene. Effect of the genotypes on fat deposition traits was analyzed based on general linear model. Morphology method was used to analyze the results of the correlation in PLIN1 gene mutations with fat deposition. The homology, the structure and the function of PLIN1 gene in different species and its protein were analyzed and forecasted by means of bioinformation tools. The results showed that one base substitution was found in the exon 2 and exon 4, respectively. Back fat thickness was higher in AA type of exon 2 than AB and BB types (P<0.01), but the shear force measurements was lower (P<0.01); both of the back fat thickness (P<0.05) and the IMF content (P<0.01) was higher in CD type of exon 4 than CC type; The results from frozen section and its data analysis demonstrated that fat area percentage was in a positive correlation with IMF and marbling (P< 0.05), the IMF was in a positive correlation with marbling (P< 0.01); The regression equation of fat percentage area with IMF content was significant, showing a quadratic relationship; The fat area percentage of AB and BB type was higher than BB type, and CD type was higher than CC type; Comprised with swine, the homology of PLIN1 gene was 89%, 88%, 87%, 86%, 86%, 85%, 82%, 82%, 77% in swine, horse, cow, human, sheep, chimpanzee, marmoset, platypus, mice, chicken, respectively; Many phosphorylation sites and hydrophobic areas exited in the protein of PLIN1; Analysis result of codon preference showed that the mutations of exon 2 and exon 4 converted PLIN1 gene to select the codons with different frequency.
The results indicate that the exon 2 and exon 4 mutations of swine PLIN1 gene has influence on fat deposition traits. Organization morphology analysis could reflect intramuscle fat deposition well. The homology of swine PLIN1 gene was conservative in the mammal relatively. Base substitutions of PLIN1 gene exon 2 and exon 4 maybe influence its protein activity by selecting the codons with different frequency.
引文
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[2] Hood R L, Allen C E. Lipogenic enzyme activity in adipose tissue during the growth of swine with different propensities to fatten[J].Nature,1973,103:252-259.
[3] Roberta D, Greta G, Silvia B, et al. New SNP of the porcine Perilipin2 (PLIN2) gene, association with carcass traits and expression analysis in skeletal muscle[J]. Molecular Biology Reports, 2011, 38(3): 1575-1583.
[4] Khammash M. Reverse engineering: the architecture of biological networks [J]. Biotechniques, 2008, 44(3): 323-329.
[5]李明洲.脂肪型和瘦肉型猪肌肉生长和脂肪沉积相关基因的差异表达分析和分子网络构建[D].成都:四川农业大学,2008:23-25.
[6]刘丑生.动物肌肉生长调控因子基因和猪脂肪沉积调控基因的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2003:10-11.
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