高层信息融合中可靠证据合成方法研究
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摘要
高层信息融合(High-Level Information Fusion, HLIF)对应信息融合的高级阶段，其结果表现形式直观，应用方法灵活，较低层信息融合(Low-Level Information Fusion, LLIF)更能体现融合系统的能力。但是，HLIF的过程和信息更加复杂，不确定性问题更加严重，对信息融合方法的可靠性提出了更高的要求。证据理论具备良好的不确定性信息表达能力，可是相关研究对证据合成的可靠性关注较少，难以满足HLIF的高可靠度要求。所以，研究证据理论中的可靠证据合成问题，不仅可促进证据理论和HLIF的发展完善，而且对其在各领域的推广具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
论文依托某国防重点项目，面向一体化信息指控系统中的信息融合问题，针对信息融合中的证据理论方法，以提高证据合成结果可靠性为主线，重点研究了证据距离度量方法、证据冲突度量方法和冲突证据合成方法，具体内容如下：
1.直接定义严格的证据距离度量非常困难，基于BPA概率转换的间接证据距离度量简单有效，针对其中的BPA概率转换问题，研究了一种基于不确定度加权的BPA概率转换方法。所提方法以Pignistic方法、PPT方法和DSmP方法为基础，选择认知程度作为转换过程保守或乐观的依据，实现了转换过程随BPA不确定度的自适应调整。选择非特异度作为所提方法中的不确定度权重得到了一种基于非特异度的BPA概率转换实例方法。针对实例方法中最特异BPA与转换概率在计算流程上的矛盾，提出了两者的“假设-校验”联合求解方法，实验结果验证了所提方法的合理性，可用于基于BPA概率转换的间接证据距离度量。
2.针对基于BPA概率转换间接证据距离的度量精度问题，考虑概率转换前后两种形式下信息量的不一致会导致度量精度的下降，提出了信息守恒BPA概率转换方法。由于得到所建权重求解方程的解析解非常困难，在证明了解的存在唯一性和单调有界性的基础上，给出了转换概率数值解的快速迭代求解算法。利用BPA转换概率向量的2-范数距离与常用证据距离度量进行对比，结果表明所提间接距离度量方法能够合理有效的度量证据间距离。
3.针对现有证据冲突度量无法体现不同证据间相互冲突程度差异的问题，研究了两种非对称证据冲突度量方法。所提方法建立在证据冲突的非对称关系分析和证据冲突度量的重新定义基础上，综合利用了证据焦元间的相交和包含信息。其中，第一种方法的计算过程简单，动态变换范围较小，第二种方法动态变化范围较大，计算过程相对复杂。与已有证据冲突度量方法的比较表明，所提方法可有效描述不同证据间相互冲突程度的差异，能够更加合理的度量证据间的冲突程度。
4.提出了两种冲突证据折扣合成方法，解决了Dempster合成悖论问题。所提方法认为Dempster合成悖论的产生是因为Dempster规则处理证据的方式与人的认知过程不一致。借鉴人们日常生活中的信息处理方式，结合生物学研究中人们对不同证据的反应模型，在Shafer折扣方法的基础上，综合证据重要度和证据可靠度因素构成折扣因子，针对静态和动态两种不同的证据合成过程，分别提出了不同的重要度模型和折扣合成方法：证据分类折扣合成方法和证据复合折扣合成方法。实验结果表明，所提方法的证据合成过程与人的认知过程一致，能够解决Dempster合成悖论问题，提高了合成证据的可靠度。
High Level Information Fusion (HLIF) corresponds to the advanced stage of InformationFusion which displays more intuitive results and has flexible methods. HLIF can better reflectthe ability of fusing system than Low Level Information Fusion (LLIF). HLIF demands for morereliable information fusion methods because of the uncertainty due to more complex processingand information. Evidence theory has significant advantages in information representation.However, related research of evidence theory has paid little attention to the reliability ofevidence combination, which is preventing it from meeting the serious demand of reliability.Therefore, the research of reliable evidence combination is not only can promote thedevelopment of evidence theory and HLIF, but also has important theoretical significance andpractical value for their generalization in other application areas.
Based on a key project of national defense, the thesis charges for the information fusionproblem of integrated information system, aims at the evidence theory of information fusionmethod, takes the improvement of reliability of evidence combination results as the mainline,mainly studies the evidence distance measurements, the evidence conflict measurements and theconflict evidence combination methods, specific content as follows:
1. It is very difficult to define the rigorous evidence distance directly. However, the indirectevidence distance measurement based on BPA probability transformation is simple and useful.Therefore, a weighed BPA probability transformation method based on uncertainty for theindirect method is studied. The suggested method which takes Pignistic transformation, PPTmethod and DSmP method as the basis chooses cognitive degree as the indication ofconservation or optimism, and the transformation process can adjust adaptively. Takingspecificity as the uncertainty weight, we can get an example of BPA probability transformationmethod based on uncertainty. The “hypothesis and verification” method is proposed to get boththe most specific BPA and transformation probability for their contradiction in calculation flow.The test results indicate that the method is reasonable, and can be used in indirect evidencedistance measurement based on BPA probability transformation.
2. Considering the accuracy of measure would descend if the information content isdisaccord before and after the probability transformation, a BPA probability transformationmethod is proposed for the measurement accuracy of evidence distance based on BPAprobability transformation. For the difficulty to get the analytical solution of the transcendentalequation, a fast solving algorithm of numerical solutions is proposed based on the certification ofthe existence and uniqueness of the equation’s solution, as well as its monotonic and boundedproperties. The comparison between the2-norm distance of probability vectors and the commonly used evidence distance measurement shows that our indirect evidence distancemeasurement is reasonable and effective in measuring evidence distances.
3. Aiming at the problem that the existing methods can not reflect the difference ofconflicting degrees among each other, two asymmetric evidence conflict measures are proposed.The proposed methods are based on the asymmetric character consideration and redefinition ofevidence conflict, and make good use of intersect and inclusion information of focal elementsbetween evidences synthetically. The first measure concerns simple calculation and smalldynamic range, while the second measure entails more complex calculation and larger dynamicrange. Finally, the experimental compare with the existing evidence conflict measurementsindicate that our methods, which can present the variant degrees of conflict among variousevidences, are more reasonable in presenting conflict degrees among evidences.
4. Two kinds of conflict evidence discounting combination are proposed which can solvethe Dempster's counterintuitive conclusions. The Dempster's rule produced inconsistent resultswith people's intuition, implying its processing of evidence differs from people's cognition. Thethesis proposes two evidence importance models and two evidence combination methods:classified discounting and composite discounting for the static and dynamic evidencecombination respectively. To achieve this, we use the information processing method in people'sdaily life, and people's reaction model to different evidences in biology research for referenceand construct the discount factor in Shafer's discounting method considering the evidenceimportance and evidence reliability. The test results indicate that our methods are consistent withpeople’s cognitive process, and can solve the Dempster's counterintuitive problems with morereliable combination results.
论文依托某国防重点项目，面向一体化信息指控系统中的信息融合问题，针对信息融合中的证据理论方法，以提高证据合成结果可靠性为主线，重点研究了证据距离度量方法、证据冲突度量方法和冲突证据合成方法，具体内容如下：
1.直接定义严格的证据距离度量非常困难，基于BPA概率转换的间接证据距离度量简单有效，针对其中的BPA概率转换问题，研究了一种基于不确定度加权的BPA概率转换方法。所提方法以Pignistic方法、PPT方法和DSmP方法为基础，选择认知程度作为转换过程保守或乐观的依据，实现了转换过程随BPA不确定度的自适应调整。选择非特异度作为所提方法中的不确定度权重得到了一种基于非特异度的BPA概率转换实例方法。针对实例方法中最特异BPA与转换概率在计算流程上的矛盾，提出了两者的“假设-校验”联合求解方法，实验结果验证了所提方法的合理性，可用于基于BPA概率转换的间接证据距离度量。
2.针对基于BPA概率转换间接证据距离的度量精度问题，考虑概率转换前后两种形式下信息量的不一致会导致度量精度的下降，提出了信息守恒BPA概率转换方法。由于得到所建权重求解方程的解析解非常困难，在证明了解的存在唯一性和单调有界性的基础上，给出了转换概率数值解的快速迭代求解算法。利用BPA转换概率向量的2-范数距离与常用证据距离度量进行对比，结果表明所提间接距离度量方法能够合理有效的度量证据间距离。
3.针对现有证据冲突度量无法体现不同证据间相互冲突程度差异的问题，研究了两种非对称证据冲突度量方法。所提方法建立在证据冲突的非对称关系分析和证据冲突度量的重新定义基础上，综合利用了证据焦元间的相交和包含信息。其中，第一种方法的计算过程简单，动态变换范围较小，第二种方法动态变化范围较大，计算过程相对复杂。与已有证据冲突度量方法的比较表明，所提方法可有效描述不同证据间相互冲突程度的差异，能够更加合理的度量证据间的冲突程度。
4.提出了两种冲突证据折扣合成方法，解决了Dempster合成悖论问题。所提方法认为Dempster合成悖论的产生是因为Dempster规则处理证据的方式与人的认知过程不一致。借鉴人们日常生活中的信息处理方式，结合生物学研究中人们对不同证据的反应模型，在Shafer折扣方法的基础上，综合证据重要度和证据可靠度因素构成折扣因子，针对静态和动态两种不同的证据合成过程，分别提出了不同的重要度模型和折扣合成方法：证据分类折扣合成方法和证据复合折扣合成方法。实验结果表明，所提方法的证据合成过程与人的认知过程一致，能够解决Dempster合成悖论问题，提高了合成证据的可靠度。
High Level Information Fusion (HLIF) corresponds to the advanced stage of InformationFusion which displays more intuitive results and has flexible methods. HLIF can better reflectthe ability of fusing system than Low Level Information Fusion (LLIF). HLIF demands for morereliable information fusion methods because of the uncertainty due to more complex processingand information. Evidence theory has significant advantages in information representation.However, related research of evidence theory has paid little attention to the reliability ofevidence combination, which is preventing it from meeting the serious demand of reliability.Therefore, the research of reliable evidence combination is not only can promote thedevelopment of evidence theory and HLIF, but also has important theoretical significance andpractical value for their generalization in other application areas.
Based on a key project of national defense, the thesis charges for the information fusionproblem of integrated information system, aims at the evidence theory of information fusionmethod, takes the improvement of reliability of evidence combination results as the mainline,mainly studies the evidence distance measurements, the evidence conflict measurements and theconflict evidence combination methods, specific content as follows:
1. It is very difficult to define the rigorous evidence distance directly. However, the indirectevidence distance measurement based on BPA probability transformation is simple and useful.Therefore, a weighed BPA probability transformation method based on uncertainty for theindirect method is studied. The suggested method which takes Pignistic transformation, PPTmethod and DSmP method as the basis chooses cognitive degree as the indication ofconservation or optimism, and the transformation process can adjust adaptively. Takingspecificity as the uncertainty weight, we can get an example of BPA probability transformationmethod based on uncertainty. The “hypothesis and verification” method is proposed to get boththe most specific BPA and transformation probability for their contradiction in calculation flow.The test results indicate that the method is reasonable, and can be used in indirect evidencedistance measurement based on BPA probability transformation.
2. Considering the accuracy of measure would descend if the information content isdisaccord before and after the probability transformation, a BPA probability transformationmethod is proposed for the measurement accuracy of evidence distance based on BPAprobability transformation. For the difficulty to get the analytical solution of the transcendentalequation, a fast solving algorithm of numerical solutions is proposed based on the certification ofthe existence and uniqueness of the equation’s solution, as well as its monotonic and boundedproperties. The comparison between the2-norm distance of probability vectors and the commonly used evidence distance measurement shows that our indirect evidence distancemeasurement is reasonable and effective in measuring evidence distances.
3. Aiming at the problem that the existing methods can not reflect the difference ofconflicting degrees among each other, two asymmetric evidence conflict measures are proposed.The proposed methods are based on the asymmetric character consideration and redefinition ofevidence conflict, and make good use of intersect and inclusion information of focal elementsbetween evidences synthetically. The first measure concerns simple calculation and smalldynamic range, while the second measure entails more complex calculation and larger dynamicrange. Finally, the experimental compare with the existing evidence conflict measurementsindicate that our methods, which can present the variant degrees of conflict among variousevidences, are more reasonable in presenting conflict degrees among evidences.
4. Two kinds of conflict evidence discounting combination are proposed which can solvethe Dempster's counterintuitive conclusions. The Dempster's rule produced inconsistent resultswith people's intuition, implying its processing of evidence differs from people's cognition. Thethesis proposes two evidence importance models and two evidence combination methods:classified discounting and composite discounting for the static and dynamic evidencecombination respectively. To achieve this, we use the information processing method in people'sdaily life, and people's reaction model to different evidences in biology research for referenceand construct the discount factor in Shafer's discounting method considering the evidenceimportance and evidence reliability. The test results indicate that our methods are consistent withpeople’s cognitive process, and can solve the Dempster's counterintuitive problems with morereliable combination results.
引文
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