体育院校武术国际化课程设置现状的调查研究
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摘要
中国体育院校都开设有武术或民族传统体育专业课程,近年来吸引了为数众多的外国留学生到校学习武术,为促进武术国际化发挥了重要作用。但是,相关部门并未对留学生的武术教育、教学给予足够的重视,各个体育院校的对外武术教育、教学水平也参差不齐,并缺少相关的研究。
为促进体育院校武术国际化教育、教学的水平,建立科学合理的武术国际化课程体系,本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、逻辑分析法等方法对武术国际化现状、体育院校学习武术的留学生状况及国际化武术课程的设置状况进行调查,分析武术国际化课程设置存在的问题,以期在课程设置理论的指导下,为体育院校武术国际化课程设置提供一些有意义的参考和建议。通过分析研究,得到如下结论和建议：
(1)到中国体育院校学习武术的留学生规模还比较小,但各自具有不同的特点,一般来说多为年轻人,都有较长的习武经历,多数人通过朋友介绍的方式到体育院校学习武术且以短期进修培训为主和以参加比赛为目的。建议各体育院校进行留学生武术教育教学的时候,对留学生情况进行调查,针对留学生的需求和特点,相应安排武术课程内容。
(2)相关部门对国际化武术课程和对外武术教育没有给予足够重视,没有制定相应的规划,课程目标也不明确,并缺少相关研究,这对开展对外武术教育和促进武术国际化都是不利的。建议相关部门对武术国际化教育和课程设置给予足够的重视,制定长期的规划,明确武术国际化课程指导思想和目标,合理设置课程,为对外武术教育奠定良好的基础。课程指导思想、目标及课程内容要符合社会文化、学科发展及留学生个人三方面的需要。
(3)留学生在体育院校选择武术课程建立在国内武术专业课程之上,主要为基本功、基本技术与竞技武术套路,课程内容单调,结构不够合理,教材缺乏。体育院校为留学生开设哪些课程,以及如何安排课程,还需要充分调查和论证。建议对留学生的选课进行引导,使其有较多机会学习传统拳术、武术理论及养生功法等。
(4)到体育院校学习的留学生主要分为长期留学生和短期留学生,长期留学生即是武术本科或研究生；短期留学生一般是在假期或平时,学习时间数周到半年不等。武术国际化课程应分长期课程与短期课程,长期课程可以按照国内武术专业课程的安排,与本科生一起上课；短期课程应根据习武者的目的划分为功利性课程和非功利性课程,功利性课程应突出基本功和套路的训练,非功利性课程应加强对传统拳术和理论的学习。
(5)体育院校对学习武术的留学生缺少考核、激励和认证机制,这不利于留学生保持对武术的兴趣。建议建立一定的课程评价、考核和认证体系,促进留学生学习武术的动力。
China's sports colleges have set up martial arts or Traditional Sports courses. In recent years, it plays an important role to promote wushu international by attracting a large number of foreign students to the school to study wushu. However, the relevant departments did not pay enough attention to education for international students of the wushu, the level of various sports academies education are different, and the lack of relevant studies.
The paper investigate the situation of wushu nationalization, returned student of wushu in China's sports colleges and wushu internationalization curriculum by using literature, questionnaire survey and logical analysis to promote the international level of sport of wushu education and teaching and to establish a scientific and rational international wushu curriculum system. This study analyzes the internationalization of curriculum martial problems under the guidance of international wushu to provide some meaningful information and recommendations with a view to the theory in the curriculum. Through analysis and study, expect the following conclusions and recommendations:
(1)It has different characteristics for students to China to learn wushu, physical education each institution, in general, mostly young, have a long martial arts experience, most people to learn wushu through friends'way and sports colleges'mainly short-term refresher training and to participate in the competition for the purpose. It suggested that proposed sports martial arts teaching institutions to students to investigate the needs and characteristics of students fully, the corresponding arrangements for wushu courses when teaching.
(2)The relevant departments of the international wushu courses and external wushu education is not given enough attention because students learn wushu is small, there is no corresponding planning, curriculum goals are not clear, and the lack of relevant research, which conduct foreign wushu education and the promotion of internationalization are unfavorable. Suggested that the relevant departments of the wushu education and international programs to set pay enough attention to develop long-term planning, a clear international wushu curriculum guidelines and goals set a reasonable course, the external wushu education to lay a good foundation. Curriculum guidelines, objectives and course content should meet the needs of the social, cultural, and academic and student personal development.
(3) The students in institutes choose wushu courses based on the Wushu Curriculum, the wushu curriculum focused on basic skills, basic technical and competitive routine, monotonous course, is not quite rational. Recommended that the course selection for students to guide, to have more opportunity to learn traditional wushu, wushu theory and health power law.
(4)The students is divided into short-term students and students of wushu courses should be accordingly divided the international long-term courses and short courses, long-term course can follow the arrangements of domestic wushu curriculum, and undergraduate with the class; short-term courses should be based on the purpose of wushu are divided into utilitarian and non utilitarian course curriculum, utilitarian curriculum should focus on basic skills and styles of training, non-utility programs should be strengthened and theoretical study of traditional wushu.
(5)Its lack of the institutions assessment, incentive mechanism, in physical education students which is not conducive to keeping students interested in martial arts. It suggested that to establish a certain system of course evaluation, assessment and certification, the driving force for students to learn wushu.
为促进体育院校武术国际化教育、教学的水平,建立科学合理的武术国际化课程体系,本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、逻辑分析法等方法对武术国际化现状、体育院校学习武术的留学生状况及国际化武术课程的设置状况进行调查,分析武术国际化课程设置存在的问题,以期在课程设置理论的指导下,为体育院校武术国际化课程设置提供一些有意义的参考和建议。通过分析研究,得到如下结论和建议：
(1)到中国体育院校学习武术的留学生规模还比较小,但各自具有不同的特点,一般来说多为年轻人,都有较长的习武经历,多数人通过朋友介绍的方式到体育院校学习武术且以短期进修培训为主和以参加比赛为目的。建议各体育院校进行留学生武术教育教学的时候,对留学生情况进行调查,针对留学生的需求和特点,相应安排武术课程内容。
(2)相关部门对国际化武术课程和对外武术教育没有给予足够重视,没有制定相应的规划,课程目标也不明确,并缺少相关研究,这对开展对外武术教育和促进武术国际化都是不利的。建议相关部门对武术国际化教育和课程设置给予足够的重视,制定长期的规划,明确武术国际化课程指导思想和目标,合理设置课程,为对外武术教育奠定良好的基础。课程指导思想、目标及课程内容要符合社会文化、学科发展及留学生个人三方面的需要。
(3)留学生在体育院校选择武术课程建立在国内武术专业课程之上,主要为基本功、基本技术与竞技武术套路,课程内容单调,结构不够合理,教材缺乏。体育院校为留学生开设哪些课程,以及如何安排课程,还需要充分调查和论证。建议对留学生的选课进行引导,使其有较多机会学习传统拳术、武术理论及养生功法等。
(4)到体育院校学习的留学生主要分为长期留学生和短期留学生,长期留学生即是武术本科或研究生；短期留学生一般是在假期或平时,学习时间数周到半年不等。武术国际化课程应分长期课程与短期课程,长期课程可以按照国内武术专业课程的安排,与本科生一起上课；短期课程应根据习武者的目的划分为功利性课程和非功利性课程,功利性课程应突出基本功和套路的训练,非功利性课程应加强对传统拳术和理论的学习。
(5)体育院校对学习武术的留学生缺少考核、激励和认证机制,这不利于留学生保持对武术的兴趣。建议建立一定的课程评价、考核和认证体系,促进留学生学习武术的动力。
China's sports colleges have set up martial arts or Traditional Sports courses. In recent years, it plays an important role to promote wushu international by attracting a large number of foreign students to the school to study wushu. However, the relevant departments did not pay enough attention to education for international students of the wushu, the level of various sports academies education are different, and the lack of relevant studies.
The paper investigate the situation of wushu nationalization, returned student of wushu in China's sports colleges and wushu internationalization curriculum by using literature, questionnaire survey and logical analysis to promote the international level of sport of wushu education and teaching and to establish a scientific and rational international wushu curriculum system. This study analyzes the internationalization of curriculum martial problems under the guidance of international wushu to provide some meaningful information and recommendations with a view to the theory in the curriculum. Through analysis and study, expect the following conclusions and recommendations:
(1)It has different characteristics for students to China to learn wushu, physical education each institution, in general, mostly young, have a long martial arts experience, most people to learn wushu through friends'way and sports colleges'mainly short-term refresher training and to participate in the competition for the purpose. It suggested that proposed sports martial arts teaching institutions to students to investigate the needs and characteristics of students fully, the corresponding arrangements for wushu courses when teaching.
(2)The relevant departments of the international wushu courses and external wushu education is not given enough attention because students learn wushu is small, there is no corresponding planning, curriculum goals are not clear, and the lack of relevant research, which conduct foreign wushu education and the promotion of internationalization are unfavorable. Suggested that the relevant departments of the wushu education and international programs to set pay enough attention to develop long-term planning, a clear international wushu curriculum guidelines and goals set a reasonable course, the external wushu education to lay a good foundation. Curriculum guidelines, objectives and course content should meet the needs of the social, cultural, and academic and student personal development.
(3) The students in institutes choose wushu courses based on the Wushu Curriculum, the wushu curriculum focused on basic skills, basic technical and competitive routine, monotonous course, is not quite rational. Recommended that the course selection for students to guide, to have more opportunity to learn traditional wushu, wushu theory and health power law.
(4)The students is divided into short-term students and students of wushu courses should be accordingly divided the international long-term courses and short courses, long-term course can follow the arrangements of domestic wushu curriculum, and undergraduate with the class; short-term courses should be based on the purpose of wushu are divided into utilitarian and non utilitarian course curriculum, utilitarian curriculum should focus on basic skills and styles of training, non-utility programs should be strengthened and theoretical study of traditional wushu.
(5)Its lack of the institutions assessment, incentive mechanism, in physical education students which is not conducive to keeping students interested in martial arts. It suggested that to establish a certain system of course evaluation, assessment and certification, the driving force for students to learn wushu.
引文
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2张桂铭,中国武术国际传播史研究[D].山东：山东师范大学,2005：
3邱丕相.武术在国际传播的历史、现状与未来[J].体育学刊,2002,9(6)：59-62.
4张桂铭,中国武术国际传播史研究[D].山东：山东师范大学,2005：
1张选惠等.从历届世界武术锦标赛看武术国际化发展趋势[J].成都体育学院学报,2003,5.
1王立峰.大众传播媒介对我国武术信息传播的现状分析与研究[D].北京体育大学,2006.
2邱丕相.武术在国际传播的历史、现状与未来[J].体育学刊,2002,9(6)：59-62.
1王飞.民族传统体育武术专业课程理论基础研究[D].武汉：武汉体育学院学报,2007,20
1王飞.民族传统体育武术专业课程理论基础研究[D].武汉：武汉体育学院学报,2007,13
1王飞.民族传统体育武术专业课程理论基础研究[D].武汉：武汉体育学院学报,2007.14
2李允.课程与教学原理[M].山东：山东人民出版社,2008,85
1张选惠等.试论武术的学科结构体系[J].成都体育学院学报,1994,20(1):47-52.
1李厚芝.武术市场化发展走向之探析[J].西安：西安体育学院学报,2007,24(3)：48-50.
1龙国强.中国武术在欧洲的发展现状及国际化发展研究[J].广州：中国体育科技,2007,43(6)：27-30.
1王林.跆拳道的推广传播对中国武术国际化的启示[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2005.20(4)：51-54.
1郭玉成.武术的属性：文化性、艺术性、体育性[J].搏击·武术科学,2007,4(9)：1-2.
[1]李允.课程与教学原理[M].山东,山东人民出版社,2008：4.
[2]钟启泉.课程与教学论[M].上海：华东师范出版社,2008：8.
[3]李允.课程与教学原理[M].山东,山东人民出版社,2008：4.
[4]钟启泉,李雁冰.课程设计基础[M].山东：山东人民出版社,2000
[5]江山野主编译.简明国际教育百科全书·课程[M].教育科学出版社,1991,73-75
[6]李艳翎.体育课程论[M].湖南：湖南师范大学出版社,2006,78.
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