仪器共享与协作平台实现技术研究
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摘要
仪器是科学研究和教学的重要工具。随着科技和现代教育的迅速发展，仪器的作用日益显得重要。在科技投入仍嫌不足的我国，如何才能有效提高我国的整体科研和教学水平，其中很重要的一点，就是要建立仪器资源共享与协作环境，实现仪器资源的广泛共享，充分利用仪器资源，使更多的科研人员受益，获得最大资源利用率，这一点已经引起了国家和众多科研单位的高度重视和关注。
但是目前国内的仪器共享与协作在实现技术上主要停留在仪器的信息资源共享上，不能实现仪器实物资源的共享，也就更谈不上协作了。即使“远程实验室”和“虚拟实验室”也只是实现仪器资源的静态共享或者说是局部共享，这种共享不具广泛性和动态性。要实现仪器资源的广泛共享与协作，关键是要解决地理位置分散、平台异构的仪器设备间的通信、互操作和集成，以及仪器间相互协作这两大问题。本文尝试在这些方面进行探索性的研究工作，以期提供一个可行性的方案。
本文通过消化和吸收国内外最新的分布式对象技术和计算机支持的协同技术，从全局的角度考虑仪器资源的共享与协作，提出以面向服务的体系结构构建一个基于仪器服务的分布式仪器网络，为实现分布在Internet／intranet上的仪器设备的通信、互操作和集成提供了一种可行性的框架，在此基础上通过引入SOAP、WSDL、UDDI开放性的标准和技术规范实现了仪器服务互操作和集成；同时为了解决仪器间协作时的管理、控制和协调问题，本文引入工作流理论和技术来建立实验流元模型，并定义基于这一元模型的实验流定义语言，从而实现了对实验过程的计算建模。最后，基于以上技术，提出了一种仪器共享与协作平台的四层体系结构和一个基于四层结构的J2EE实现的方案，设计了实验流引擎，为实验流的运行提供了运行环境，并通过示例验证了系统的可行性。
Instruments are the important tools for scientific research and teaching. With the rapid development of science and technology, the instruments are playing a more and more important role. It is very important to improve the whole level of scientific research and teaching in our country to establish an environment to provide instrument share and collaboration. The environment realizes the comprehensive share of the instrument, makes full use of the instrument and benefits more scientific researchers, then gain the most resource-used rate. It has already attracted the high concern of the nation and a lot of scientific research institution.
However, the present technology of the domestic instrument share and collaboration mainly stay on sharing of the information of instruments instead of genuine share and collaboration of the practicality of the instruments .It is key to solve share and collaboration of the practicality of the instruments to solve two main problems that communication, interoperability and integration of geographically distributed and heterogeneous instruments and collaboration among instruments, some exploring research in these aspects will be tried to do in this paper to provide a feasible solution.
In this paper, an idea of constructing a distributed instrumentation network based on instrument service according to service-oriented network model is put forward by means of digesting and adsorbing the newest technology of distributed object and computer supported collaborative work. The distributed instrumentation network realize the integration of instrument distributed in Internet/intranet and a series of standards and protocols such as SOAP, WSDL, UDDI are introduced, thereby realize dynamic discovery and interoperability of among instruments. At the same time, a kind of experiment flow meta-model is established and a kind of modeling language is defined according to Workflow to solute management, control and collaboration during instruments collaborating. For providing an running environment of experiment flow, a experiment flow engine is designed in this paper. At the end, a model of a platform for instrument share and collaboration based on instrument service and experiment flow is put forward and a
schema of realization is also provided ,besides validate that the scheme is feasible by giving a demonstration.
但是目前国内的仪器共享与协作在实现技术上主要停留在仪器的信息资源共享上，不能实现仪器实物资源的共享，也就更谈不上协作了。即使“远程实验室”和“虚拟实验室”也只是实现仪器资源的静态共享或者说是局部共享，这种共享不具广泛性和动态性。要实现仪器资源的广泛共享与协作，关键是要解决地理位置分散、平台异构的仪器设备间的通信、互操作和集成，以及仪器间相互协作这两大问题。本文尝试在这些方面进行探索性的研究工作，以期提供一个可行性的方案。
本文通过消化和吸收国内外最新的分布式对象技术和计算机支持的协同技术，从全局的角度考虑仪器资源的共享与协作，提出以面向服务的体系结构构建一个基于仪器服务的分布式仪器网络，为实现分布在Internet／intranet上的仪器设备的通信、互操作和集成提供了一种可行性的框架，在此基础上通过引入SOAP、WSDL、UDDI开放性的标准和技术规范实现了仪器服务互操作和集成；同时为了解决仪器间协作时的管理、控制和协调问题，本文引入工作流理论和技术来建立实验流元模型，并定义基于这一元模型的实验流定义语言，从而实现了对实验过程的计算建模。最后，基于以上技术，提出了一种仪器共享与协作平台的四层体系结构和一个基于四层结构的J2EE实现的方案，设计了实验流引擎，为实验流的运行提供了运行环境，并通过示例验证了系统的可行性。
Instruments are the important tools for scientific research and teaching. With the rapid development of science and technology, the instruments are playing a more and more important role. It is very important to improve the whole level of scientific research and teaching in our country to establish an environment to provide instrument share and collaboration. The environment realizes the comprehensive share of the instrument, makes full use of the instrument and benefits more scientific researchers, then gain the most resource-used rate. It has already attracted the high concern of the nation and a lot of scientific research institution.
However, the present technology of the domestic instrument share and collaboration mainly stay on sharing of the information of instruments instead of genuine share and collaboration of the practicality of the instruments .It is key to solve share and collaboration of the practicality of the instruments to solve two main problems that communication, interoperability and integration of geographically distributed and heterogeneous instruments and collaboration among instruments, some exploring research in these aspects will be tried to do in this paper to provide a feasible solution.
In this paper, an idea of constructing a distributed instrumentation network based on instrument service according to service-oriented network model is put forward by means of digesting and adsorbing the newest technology of distributed object and computer supported collaborative work. The distributed instrumentation network realize the integration of instrument distributed in Internet/intranet and a series of standards and protocols such as SOAP, WSDL, UDDI are introduced, thereby realize dynamic discovery and interoperability of among instruments. At the same time, a kind of experiment flow meta-model is established and a kind of modeling language is defined according to Workflow to solute management, control and collaboration during instruments collaborating. For providing an running environment of experiment flow, a experiment flow engine is designed in this paper. At the end, a model of a platform for instrument share and collaboration based on instrument service and experiment flow is put forward and a
schema of realization is also provided ,besides validate that the scheme is feasible by giving a demonstration.
引文
[1]“211工程”“十五建设项目”----全国高校仪器设备和优质资源共享系统可行性研究报告．北京：清华大学，2003年9月
[2]I.Foster, C. Kesslman, S. Tuecke. The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations. International J. Supercomputer Applications, 2001,15(03).
[3]刘艳斌．基于网络的大型精密仪器共享系统．自动化仪表，2003，24(01)：36-39．
[4]张凯，王俞等．基于本体集成的资源共享平台．计算机工程，2003,29(21)：59-60．
[5]李刚，金茂忠．分布式对象综述．小型微型计算机系统．2001，22(01)：100-103
[6]何礼，曲保章．分布对象技术研究．信息工程大学学报．2001，2(01)：49-51
[7]裴云彰，史元春，徐光佑．分布式计算模式下的协同工作环境．小型微计算机系统，1999，20(08)：561-566．
[8]操云甫．基于Intemet/intranet的资源共享模型及技术的研究．中科院博士论文．2002：7-12
[9]Victor Chang. Remote Collaboration in WebLab—an Online Laboratory. http://i-lab.mit.edu/, May 23, 2001
[10]Donald McMullen, Randall Bramley et al. Xport Collaboratory for X-ray Crystallography, http://www.iumsc.indiana.edu/XPort/xport_demo_talk.pdf.
[11]丁俊华，董恒，吴定豪等．软件互操作研究与进展．计算机研究与发展，1998,35(7)：577583．
[12]Barry & Associates. Service-oriented Architecture. http://www.service-architecture.com/
[13]Kishore Channabasavaiah, Kerrie Holley. Migrating to a service-oriented architecture, Part 1. http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-migratesoa/, December 2003.
[14]Kishore Channabasavaiah, Kerrie Holley. Migrating to a service-oriented architecture, Part 2. http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-migratesoa/, December 2003.
[15]S. llango Kumaran: "Jini Technology: An Overview", Prentice Hall PTR,2002.
[16]徐正权，张华．基于Web的软件构件互操作性研究．计算机应用研究，2002，9：48-50
[17]楼伟进，应飚．com/Dcom/com+组件技术．计算机应用，2000，20(4)：10 14．
[18]Rotte等著．李师贤等译．CORBA教程：公共对象请求代理体系结构．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
[19]W3C. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1, http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-SOAP-20000508, 2000.
[20]Tim.Bray. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third Edition). http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204/.February 2004.
[21]Didier Martin等著，严春莹 等泽．XML高级编程．北京：机械工业出版社，2001．
[22]陈石．XML技术及其应用．计算机应用研究，2002(3)：115-117．
[23]余枝强等．网络服务与简单对象协议．计算机工程与设计，2003，23(03)：30-35．
[24]曾铮，吴明晖．简单对象访问协议SOAP综述．计算机应用研究，2002(2)：5-8．
[25]张震，吴永明．分布式对象模型与SOAP计算机应用与软件，2003(01)：7-9．
[26]Robert Englander. Java and SOAP.O'Relly.2002.
[27]W3C. Web Services Description Language. http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/NOTEwsdl-20010315, 2001.
[28]Bilal Siddiqui.Deploying Web services with WSDL:Partl http://www-900.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-intwsdl/part1/index_eng.shtml,2001.
[29]W3C.Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1 http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl.html, 2001.December.
[30]Tom Belwood. Understanding UDDI. http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorkscn/webservices/ws-featuddi/index._eng.shtml,2002,july.
[31]uddi.org. UDDI Executive White Paper. http://www.uddichina.org/pubs/UDDI _Executive_White _Paper.pdf2000.
[32]uddi.org.UDDI Technical White Paper. http://www.uddichina.org/pubs/UDDI_Technical.
[33]范玉顺．工作流管理技术基础．北京：清华大学出版社；施普林格出版社，2001．
[34]David Hollingsworth,Workflow Management CoalitionThe Workflow Reference Model. http://www.wfmc.org/, 1995.
[35]Rumbaugh J, Jacobson I, Booch G. The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999.
[36]赵文，胡文惠等．工作流元模型的研究与应用．软件学报，2003，14(06)：1052-1059．
[37]李红臣，史美林．工作流模型及其形式化描述．计算机学报，2003，26(11)：1456-1463．
[38]Sadiq W,Orlowska M.Analyzing process models using graph reduction techniques. Information Systems,200225(2); 117-134.
[39]James Snell, The Web Services Insider, Part 4: Introducing the Web Services Flow Language, http://www-9OO.ibm.com/developerWorks/webservices/wspeer4/index _eng.shtml, 2001.
[40]James Snell The Web services insider, Part5 Getting into the flow http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/webservices/ws-ref/wsref5/index_eng.shtml 2001.
[41]James Snell The Web services insider, Part 6 Implementing roles in WSFL http://www-900. ibm.com/developerWorks/webservices/ws-ref/wsref6/index_eng.shtml 2001.
[42]Frank Leymann. IBM Web Services Flow Language. http://www-4.ibm.com/
/software/solutions/webservices/pdf/WSFL.pdf 2001
[43]卫伟，陆慧娟．微软．N E T开发平台初探．微机发展，2003(13)：89-72
[44]Aaron E.Walsh著．李化，潇东译．j2ee 1.4基础教程．清华大学出版社
[2]I.Foster, C. Kesslman, S. Tuecke. The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations. International J. Supercomputer Applications, 2001,15(03).
[3]刘艳斌．基于网络的大型精密仪器共享系统．自动化仪表，2003，24(01)：36-39．
[4]张凯，王俞等．基于本体集成的资源共享平台．计算机工程，2003,29(21)：59-60．
[5]李刚，金茂忠．分布式对象综述．小型微型计算机系统．2001，22(01)：100-103
[6]何礼，曲保章．分布对象技术研究．信息工程大学学报．2001，2(01)：49-51
[7]裴云彰，史元春，徐光佑．分布式计算模式下的协同工作环境．小型微计算机系统，1999，20(08)：561-566．
[8]操云甫．基于Intemet/intranet的资源共享模型及技术的研究．中科院博士论文．2002：7-12
[9]Victor Chang. Remote Collaboration in WebLab—an Online Laboratory. http://i-lab.mit.edu/, May 23, 2001
[10]Donald McMullen, Randall Bramley et al. Xport Collaboratory for X-ray Crystallography, http://www.iumsc.indiana.edu/XPort/xport_demo_talk.pdf.
[11]丁俊华，董恒，吴定豪等．软件互操作研究与进展．计算机研究与发展，1998,35(7)：577583．
[12]Barry & Associates. Service-oriented Architecture. http://www.service-architecture.com/
[13]Kishore Channabasavaiah, Kerrie Holley. Migrating to a service-oriented architecture, Part 1. http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-migratesoa/, December 2003.
[14]Kishore Channabasavaiah, Kerrie Holley. Migrating to a service-oriented architecture, Part 2. http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-migratesoa/, December 2003.
[15]S. llango Kumaran: "Jini Technology: An Overview", Prentice Hall PTR,2002.
[16]徐正权，张华．基于Web的软件构件互操作性研究．计算机应用研究，2002，9：48-50
[17]楼伟进，应飚．com/Dcom/com+组件技术．计算机应用，2000，20(4)：10 14．
[18]Rotte等著．李师贤等译．CORBA教程：公共对象请求代理体系结构．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
[19]W3C. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1, http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-SOAP-20000508, 2000.
[20]Tim.Bray. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third Edition). http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204/.February 2004.
[21]Didier Martin等著，严春莹 等泽．XML高级编程．北京：机械工业出版社，2001．
[22]陈石．XML技术及其应用．计算机应用研究，2002(3)：115-117．
[23]余枝强等．网络服务与简单对象协议．计算机工程与设计，2003，23(03)：30-35．
[24]曾铮，吴明晖．简单对象访问协议SOAP综述．计算机应用研究，2002(2)：5-8．
[25]张震，吴永明．分布式对象模型与SOAP计算机应用与软件，2003(01)：7-9．
[26]Robert Englander. Java and SOAP.O'Relly.2002.
[27]W3C. Web Services Description Language. http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/NOTEwsdl-20010315, 2001.
[28]Bilal Siddiqui.Deploying Web services with WSDL:Partl http://www-900.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-intwsdl/part1/index_eng.shtml,2001.
[29]W3C.Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1 http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl.html, 2001.December.
[30]Tom Belwood. Understanding UDDI. http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorkscn/webservices/ws-featuddi/index._eng.shtml,2002,july.
[31]uddi.org. UDDI Executive White Paper. http://www.uddichina.org/pubs/UDDI _Executive_White _Paper.pdf2000.
[32]uddi.org.UDDI Technical White Paper. http://www.uddichina.org/pubs/UDDI_Technical.
[33]范玉顺．工作流管理技术基础．北京：清华大学出版社；施普林格出版社，2001．
[34]David Hollingsworth,Workflow Management CoalitionThe Workflow Reference Model. http://www.wfmc.org/, 1995.
[35]Rumbaugh J, Jacobson I, Booch G. The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999.
[36]赵文，胡文惠等．工作流元模型的研究与应用．软件学报，2003，14(06)：1052-1059．
[37]李红臣，史美林．工作流模型及其形式化描述．计算机学报，2003，26(11)：1456-1463．
[38]Sadiq W,Orlowska M.Analyzing process models using graph reduction techniques. Information Systems,200225(2); 117-134.
[39]James Snell, The Web Services Insider, Part 4: Introducing the Web Services Flow Language, http://www-9OO.ibm.com/developerWorks/webservices/wspeer4/index _eng.shtml, 2001.
[40]James Snell The Web services insider, Part5 Getting into the flow http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/webservices/ws-ref/wsref5/index_eng.shtml 2001.
[41]James Snell The Web services insider, Part 6 Implementing roles in WSFL http://www-900. ibm.com/developerWorks/webservices/ws-ref/wsref6/index_eng.shtml 2001.
[42]Frank Leymann. IBM Web Services Flow Language. http://www-4.ibm.com/
/software/solutions/webservices/pdf/WSFL.pdf 2001
[43]卫伟，陆慧娟．微软．N E T开发平台初探．微机发展，2003(13)：89-72
[44]Aaron E.Walsh著．李化，潇东译．j2ee 1.4基础教程．清华大学出版社