黄山市国际旅游业发展研究
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摘要
党的十一届三中全会确立改革开放政策,旅游业才算真正起步。邓小平非常重视旅游业,指出“旅游事业大有文章可做,要突出地搞,加快地搞。”40多年来,随着我国经济持续快速发展和居民收入水平较快提高,我国旅游人数和旅游收入都以年均两位数以上的增速持续发展,旅游业已经成为国民经济的重要产业,成为继住房、汽车之后增长最快的居民消费领域。目前,我国已经跃居全球第四大入境旅游接待国。自邓小平同志1969年在黄山谈话,强调黄山要做好旅游,做强旅游,黄山市旅游业在40多年来快速发展。依托自然资源的优势,以及人文资源的支持,并采取多元的宣传方式,吸引了海内外众多的游客。随着中国对外开放度的提高,黄山市国际旅游业也随之发展起来,属于安徽省的国际旅游龙头。虽然有了一些突出的成绩,但是黄山市在发展国际旅游业过程中仍存在一些问题：人均消费偏低,人均停留天数过短等。所以提高国际旅游业的发展对于黄山市的经济发展至关重要。本文通过对黄山市国际旅游业现状进行分析并与其他旅游城市进行比较,并找出影响黄山市旅游业发展的因素,通过线性回归,利用计量模型,论证其与黄山市国际旅游业之间的相关关系,得到国际旅游业的发展与旅游资源、旅行社个数、星级宾馆(酒店)个数、交通发展状况以及黄山市经济发展水平存在正相关关系,有很好的线性关系。同时,在这五个因素中,旅游资源与黄山市经济发展水平相关性最强,说明其对黄山市国际旅游业影响最大。在此基础上,分析黄山市在发展国际旅游业过程中存在的优劣势,优势主要体现在以下几个方面：旅游资源丰富,旅游商品特色鲜明,区位优势明显,政府政策支持。劣势主要有以下几个方面：城市旅游基础薄弱,经济发展水平不高；旅游相关产业发展较慢、旅游营销手段单一、旅游专业人才结构不合理、旅游季节性强,之后针对上述优劣势提出发展黄山市国际旅游业的对策：加快黄山市旅游形象定位,强化品牌意识；强化旅游市场细分,将旅游产品做精做细；加强旅游商品的管理；拓展宣传方式；加强交通建设；加强旅游服务设施建设,增强游客的可进入性；营造良好的旅游环境；培养高综合素质的旅游人才以及其他的一些建议。
In1968, eleven of the third plenary session established the policy of reform and opening up, the tourism industry really started. Deng Xiaoping attached great importance to tourism, pointed out that there is much fineness in tourism can be used and to highlight. Over the past30years, with China's sustained and rapid economic development and income level improvement, the number of tourists and tourism revenue in China increased by above ten percent tourism has become an important industry and a fast growing consumer field after housing, cars. At present, China has become the world's fourth largest tourist reception country and Asia's largest outbound tourist source country. Since Deng Xiaoping's talk in Mount Huang Shan in1969that point out the strong tourism, Huang Shan city tourism industry develops rapidly in30years. Relying on the superiority of the natural resources, human resource and various forms of propaganda, this attracted many tourists. Although there has been some outstanding achievements, but many problems still exist in the development of international tourism in Huang Shan city. In this paper, through the analysis of the current situation in Huang Shan city international tourism compared with other tourist city, it find out factors affecting the development of tourism in Huang Shan city. The conclusion is that there is a strong correlation between Huang Shan city's international tourism and the traffic, hotel and GDP in Huang Shan city. At the same time, in the three factors, the number of star-rated hotels had the strongest link, explain its influence on Huang Shan city international tourism industry. That exist some advantage in the development of international tourism industry in Huang Shan city:rich in tourism resources, tourism commodity is bright, location advantages, the government policy support. Disadvantages are mainly in the following aspects:the foundation of city tourism is weak, the economic development level is not high; tourism industry slow development, tourism marketing means are single, tourism personnel structure is not reasonable, tourism seasonality, It put forward some measures about the international tourism development in Huang Shan City according to the above disadvantages:speed up the Huang Shan City tourism image positioning, enhance brand awareness; to strengthen the tourism market segmentation, the tourism product to do fine; strengthen tourism commodity management; expand publicity; strengthening construction; strengthen the tourism service facilities, enhance tourist accessibility; create a good tourism environment; culture high comprehensive quality tourism talents and some recommendations of other.
In1968, eleven of the third plenary session established the policy of reform and opening up, the tourism industry really started. Deng Xiaoping attached great importance to tourism, pointed out that there is much fineness in tourism can be used and to highlight. Over the past30years, with China's sustained and rapid economic development and income level improvement, the number of tourists and tourism revenue in China increased by above ten percent tourism has become an important industry and a fast growing consumer field after housing, cars. At present, China has become the world's fourth largest tourist reception country and Asia's largest outbound tourist source country. Since Deng Xiaoping's talk in Mount Huang Shan in1969that point out the strong tourism, Huang Shan city tourism industry develops rapidly in30years. Relying on the superiority of the natural resources, human resource and various forms of propaganda, this attracted many tourists. Although there has been some outstanding achievements, but many problems still exist in the development of international tourism in Huang Shan city. In this paper, through the analysis of the current situation in Huang Shan city international tourism compared with other tourist city, it find out factors affecting the development of tourism in Huang Shan city. The conclusion is that there is a strong correlation between Huang Shan city's international tourism and the traffic, hotel and GDP in Huang Shan city. At the same time, in the three factors, the number of star-rated hotels had the strongest link, explain its influence on Huang Shan city international tourism industry. That exist some advantage in the development of international tourism industry in Huang Shan city:rich in tourism resources, tourism commodity is bright, location advantages, the government policy support. Disadvantages are mainly in the following aspects:the foundation of city tourism is weak, the economic development level is not high; tourism industry slow development, tourism marketing means are single, tourism personnel structure is not reasonable, tourism seasonality, It put forward some measures about the international tourism development in Huang Shan City according to the above disadvantages:speed up the Huang Shan City tourism image positioning, enhance brand awareness; to strengthen the tourism market segmentation, the tourism product to do fine; strengthen tourism commodity management; expand publicity; strengthening construction; strengthen the tourism service facilities, enhance tourist accessibility; create a good tourism environment; culture high comprehensive quality tourism talents and some recommendations of other.
引文
[1]黄山市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2007.9.28)[2013.4.10].http://www.hsstjj.gov.cn/readnews.asp?ClassID=56
[2]黄山市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2012.4.28)[2013.4.10].http://www.hsstjj.gov.cn/readnews.asp?ClassID=893
[3]郑艳芳.黄山市旅游业的就业效应研究[D].山东.中国海洋大学.2009.6
[4]胡坤,项喜章.基于旅游地生命周期的我国国际旅游业区位差异分析.沈阳工程学院学报(社会科学版)[J].2010(10)：493-496
[5]魏巍,谢春山.辽宁省国际旅游产业结构灰色关联度分析[J].2008.11.65-67
[6]杨睿,汇率变动对国际旅游业的影响研究综述,商场现代化[J].2011(05)：12-14
[7]何建民.国际金融危机对世界国际旅游业发展的影响研究[J].2012(02)：36-50
[8]刘婷,杨皖苏.黄山国际旅游节的SWOT分析及对策研究[J].经济研究导刊.2008(12)：171-173
[9]章尚正,孟春.黄山旅游经济发展模式的转型升级研究[J].皖西学院学报.2011(02)：78-83
[10]魏忠.云南省国有旅游公司治理结构与激励机制问题研究[D].四川.西南财经大学.2007.6
[11]金海水.黄山市旅游产业发展探析[J].内蒙古统计.2005(6)：33-34
[12]黄山市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2007.9.28)[2013.4.10].http://www.hsstjj.gov.cn/readnews.asp?ClassID=64
[13]黄山市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2012.5.11)[2013.4.10].http://www.hsstjj.gov.cn/readnews.asp?ClassID=805
[14]刘婷.基于SWOT分析的黄山市旅游业[D].安徽.合肥工业大学.2008.11
[15]安徽省统计局. 安徽省统计年鉴 (2011)[M/OL].http://www.ahtjj.gov.cn/tjnj/njindex.htm.2000-2011
[16]国家旅游局. 中国旅游统计年鉴[M/OL].http://tongji.cnki.net/kns55/navi/HomePage.aspx?id=N2012030059&name=YBGTE&flo or=1
[17]黄山市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 [EB/OL].http://www.hsstjj.gov.cn/sortList.asp?ClassID=2&ListId=1.2001-2010
[18]王静,张清正.黄山旅游业发展的现状、问题及对策[J].宜春学院学报2008(10)：186-188
[19]黄秀娟.旅游资源影响国际旅游竞争力的经济分析[J].资源科学,2008(11)： 1668-166
[20]余建胜.黄山市旅游交通现状及发展研究[J].科技信息.2011(29)：190-19
[21]卢松,祝玲丽,潘蕙,吉慧.交通发展对安徽省旅游业的影响研究[J].资源开发与市场,2010(12)：557-559
[22]章尚正.黄山市旅游业可持续发展研究[M].安徽.安徽教育出版社.2008
[23]张伟,刘苏,张文新.安徽省旅游业对经济增长拉动效应的实证研究——基于二维度与三指标的探讨[J].旅游科学,2011(06)：25-32
[24]凌强.发展国际旅游业：日本的经验及借鉴[J].经济研究,2006(03)：47-52
[25]徐平,查新民.霍城县发展国际旅游业的思考[J].中共伊犁州委党校学报,2008(02)：33-36
[26]吕文星.各地区按行业就业人员数与国际旅游外汇收入关系.河北理工大学学报(社会科学版)[J].2006(09)：84-91
[27]杜靖川,蒋秀晶,林丽,杨京.民航交通与国际旅游业发展关系的实证分析—以昆明新机场建设为例[J].经济研究导刊.2010(25)：164-166,288
[28]赵东喜. 汇率变化对中国入境旅游美国市场的影响研究[J].福建师大福清分校学报.2010(04)：182-187
[29]黄琳,温兴琦.基于入境旅游市场开发的中东旅游业发展研究[J].科技创业.2010(5)：53-55
[30]马艳.福建省国际旅游产业结构研究[J].内江师范学院学报.2009(08)：66-82
[31]刘黎黎,毕燕.旅游产业结构的综合定量及优化分析—以广东省国际旅游产业为例[J].广西师范学院学报(自然科学版).2009(09)：71-78
[32]梁明慧.以国际贸易视角浅析国际旅游业竞争力及对策[J].商品与质量.2011(04)：25
[33]张延琪.云南国际旅游业：从比较优势到竞争优势[J].现代经济信息.2010(23) ：399-400
[34]刘靖波.人民币汇率变动对桂林入境旅游影响的实证分析[J].区域金融研究.2009(04)： 76-81
[35]蒋作明,宋保平,白凯.黄山市国际旅游市场位序规模演化特征及其影响因素研究[J].干旱区资源与环境.2012(08)：184-189
[36]杨皖苏,张艳丽.黄山市旅游业发展对策研究[J].科技和产业2011(12)：26-31
[37]易丽蓉,傅强.旅游目的地竞争力影响因素的实证研究[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版).2006(08)：155-156
[38]杨勇.中国省际旅游业竞争力分析—ARU结构与影响因素[J].山西财经大学学报.2006(10)：53-60
[39]戴松年、纵瑞昆.国际旅游学[M].上海.学林出版社.2004
[40][美]皮扎姆,旅游消费者行为研究[M].东北财经大学出版社.2004,88-101
[41][美]马西森.A.戴凡,旅游业的社会影响[J].地理译报.1993,2-19
[42][美]凯恩斯,就业、利息和货币通论[M].商务印刷出版社,1983：10-29
[43]Alister Mathieson and Geoffery wall. Tourism:Economic. Physical and Social Impacts[M].Longman Group limited.1982:18-31
[44]Omotor. The role of exports in the economic growth of Nigeria:The bounds test analysis. International Journal of Economic Perspectives[J].DG(2008).2(4):222-235.
[45]Satih Turan.Tourism and growth in Singapore:new extension from bounds test to level relationships and conditional granger causality test[J]. the Singapore Economic Review, 2011(03):441-444
[2]黄山市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2012.4.28)[2013.4.10].http://www.hsstjj.gov.cn/readnews.asp?ClassID=893
[3]郑艳芳.黄山市旅游业的就业效应研究[D].山东.中国海洋大学.2009.6
[4]胡坤,项喜章.基于旅游地生命周期的我国国际旅游业区位差异分析.沈阳工程学院学报(社会科学版)[J].2010(10)：493-496
[5]魏巍,谢春山.辽宁省国际旅游产业结构灰色关联度分析[J].2008.11.65-67
[6]杨睿,汇率变动对国际旅游业的影响研究综述,商场现代化[J].2011(05)：12-14
[7]何建民.国际金融危机对世界国际旅游业发展的影响研究[J].2012(02)：36-50
[8]刘婷,杨皖苏.黄山国际旅游节的SWOT分析及对策研究[J].经济研究导刊.2008(12)：171-173
[9]章尚正,孟春.黄山旅游经济发展模式的转型升级研究[J].皖西学院学报.2011(02)：78-83
[10]魏忠.云南省国有旅游公司治理结构与激励机制问题研究[D].四川.西南财经大学.2007.6
[11]金海水.黄山市旅游产业发展探析[J].内蒙古统计.2005(6)：33-34
[12]黄山市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2007.9.28)[2013.4.10].http://www.hsstjj.gov.cn/readnews.asp?ClassID=64
[13]黄山市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2012.5.11)[2013.4.10].http://www.hsstjj.gov.cn/readnews.asp?ClassID=805
[14]刘婷.基于SWOT分析的黄山市旅游业[D].安徽.合肥工业大学.2008.11
[15]安徽省统计局. 安徽省统计年鉴 (2011)[M/OL].http://www.ahtjj.gov.cn/tjnj/njindex.htm.2000-2011
[16]国家旅游局. 中国旅游统计年鉴[M/OL].http://tongji.cnki.net/kns55/navi/HomePage.aspx?id=N2012030059&name=YBGTE&flo or=1
[17]黄山市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 [EB/OL].http://www.hsstjj.gov.cn/sortList.asp?ClassID=2&ListId=1.2001-2010
[18]王静,张清正.黄山旅游业发展的现状、问题及对策[J].宜春学院学报2008(10)：186-188
[19]黄秀娟.旅游资源影响国际旅游竞争力的经济分析[J].资源科学,2008(11)： 1668-166
[20]余建胜.黄山市旅游交通现状及发展研究[J].科技信息.2011(29)：190-19
[21]卢松,祝玲丽,潘蕙,吉慧.交通发展对安徽省旅游业的影响研究[J].资源开发与市场,2010(12)：557-559
[22]章尚正.黄山市旅游业可持续发展研究[M].安徽.安徽教育出版社.2008
[23]张伟,刘苏,张文新.安徽省旅游业对经济增长拉动效应的实证研究——基于二维度与三指标的探讨[J].旅游科学,2011(06)：25-32
[24]凌强.发展国际旅游业：日本的经验及借鉴[J].经济研究,2006(03)：47-52
[25]徐平,查新民.霍城县发展国际旅游业的思考[J].中共伊犁州委党校学报,2008(02)：33-36
[26]吕文星.各地区按行业就业人员数与国际旅游外汇收入关系.河北理工大学学报(社会科学版)[J].2006(09)：84-91
[27]杜靖川,蒋秀晶,林丽,杨京.民航交通与国际旅游业发展关系的实证分析—以昆明新机场建设为例[J].经济研究导刊.2010(25)：164-166,288
[28]赵东喜. 汇率变化对中国入境旅游美国市场的影响研究[J].福建师大福清分校学报.2010(04)：182-187
[29]黄琳,温兴琦.基于入境旅游市场开发的中东旅游业发展研究[J].科技创业.2010(5)：53-55
[30]马艳.福建省国际旅游产业结构研究[J].内江师范学院学报.2009(08)：66-82
[31]刘黎黎,毕燕.旅游产业结构的综合定量及优化分析—以广东省国际旅游产业为例[J].广西师范学院学报(自然科学版).2009(09)：71-78
[32]梁明慧.以国际贸易视角浅析国际旅游业竞争力及对策[J].商品与质量.2011(04)：25
[33]张延琪.云南国际旅游业：从比较优势到竞争优势[J].现代经济信息.2010(23) ：399-400
[34]刘靖波.人民币汇率变动对桂林入境旅游影响的实证分析[J].区域金融研究.2009(04)： 76-81
[35]蒋作明,宋保平,白凯.黄山市国际旅游市场位序规模演化特征及其影响因素研究[J].干旱区资源与环境.2012(08)：184-189
[36]杨皖苏,张艳丽.黄山市旅游业发展对策研究[J].科技和产业2011(12)：26-31
[37]易丽蓉,傅强.旅游目的地竞争力影响因素的实证研究[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版).2006(08)：155-156
[38]杨勇.中国省际旅游业竞争力分析—ARU结构与影响因素[J].山西财经大学学报.2006(10)：53-60
[39]戴松年、纵瑞昆.国际旅游学[M].上海.学林出版社.2004
[40][美]皮扎姆,旅游消费者行为研究[M].东北财经大学出版社.2004,88-101
[41][美]马西森.A.戴凡,旅游业的社会影响[J].地理译报.1993,2-19
[42][美]凯恩斯,就业、利息和货币通论[M].商务印刷出版社,1983：10-29
[43]Alister Mathieson and Geoffery wall. Tourism:Economic. Physical and Social Impacts[M].Longman Group limited.1982:18-31
[44]Omotor. The role of exports in the economic growth of Nigeria:The bounds test analysis. International Journal of Economic Perspectives[J].DG(2008).2(4):222-235.
[45]Satih Turan.Tourism and growth in Singapore:new extension from bounds test to level relationships and conditional granger causality test[J]. the Singapore Economic Review, 2011(03):441-444