排土场浸水失稳破坏及其工程处置应用研究
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摘要
排土场边坡浸水失稳相比普通滑坡有两个突出的特点：(1)排土场表层主要由采场爆破剥离的废弃土石组成,这些松散堆积体是人为堆积而成的次生边坡,由于他们的分散性、复杂性和易变性,而不同于由未强烈扰动的岩石和土质组成的边坡；(2)边坡受地下水位变化影响较大,本次工程对象不仅受地下水的影响,最突出的特征在于该排土场位于尾矿库上游,随着矿山生产的不断深入,尾矿库水位将不断上升,届时会部分淹没排土场边坡,给其带来新的安全问题。
本论文以云南某露天矿山万龙山尾矿库上游的曼家寨排土场为研究对象,基于试验研究手段对排土场散体物料力学参数进行测试,通过在曼家寨排土场950平台、1020平台和1130平台进行现场原位剪切试验,分别得到了以大理岩为主的散体、云母片岩为主的散体和石英片岩为主的散体其抗剪强度参数指标分别为：c1=101.50kPa、 φ1=23.84°;c2=23.40kPa、φ2=33.89°; c3=40.70kPa、φ3=21.74°;对不同级配状态下的散体进行了直接剪试切验研究,分析了粘聚力和内摩擦角随粗颗粒含量变化的关系特征,并得到了内摩擦角随粗颗粒含量变化的非线性回归方程：y=-0.00004x3+0.00286x2+0.13650x+19.91371;粘聚力随粗颗粒含量变化的非线性回归方程：y=-0.00005x3+0.00539x2+0.02875x+20.15406;湿化崩解试验改变了散体中颗粒组成含量,同时使得颗粒的相对位置发生变化,引起散体物料孔隙比的变化,如果反应在该种物料强度机理产生过程中,即颗粒粒组的变化使得密实度改变,颗粒的接触点发生变化,剪切阻力也相应改变。
基于试验研究成果,按尾矿库水位上升不同高度划分工况,对曼家寨排土场稳定性进行计算分析。计算结果表明排土场随尾矿库水位不断上升,安全系数不断降低,直至失稳。基于数值计算结果,表明尾矿库水位上升后排土场稳定性将逐渐降低,存在滑坡的可能。针对这种情况,提出力采用重力式挡墙和砌石护坡相结合的方式进行加固处置,通过验算该处置措施有效。
Dump slope immersion instability compared to ordinary landslide has two outstanding characteristics:(1) dump surface is mainly composed of stope blasting stripping waste rock composition, these loose accumulation body is the accumulation of the secondary slope, due to their dispersion, complexity and variability, but differs by not strong perturbations of the rock and soil slope composed of;(2) the slope groundwater changes influence the engineering object, not only by the influence of groundwater, the most prominent feature is the dump in tailings reservoir upstream, with the production of continuously thorough, tailings reservoir water level will rise ceaselessly, will be partially submerged dump slope, bring new security issues.
This paper takes Yunnan open-pit mine tailings upstream million in Manjiazhai dump as the research object, based on the test results by means of dump granular material mechanics parameter test. Through in Manjiazhai dump950platform, the1020platform and the1130platform for in-situ shear test, obtained respectively with marble consisting mainly of dispersion, mica schist based dispersions and quartz schist based dispersion of shear strength parameters respectively:c1=101.50kPa、φ1=23.84°; c2=23.40kPa、φ2=33.89°; c3=40.70kPa、φ3=21.74°; On the gradation of dispersion were direct shear test cut test research, analysis of the cohesive force and internal friction angle with the content of coarse particles of the relationship between the change of character, and the angle of internal friction with the content of coarse particles changes in nonlinear regression equation: y=-0.00004x3+0.00286x2+0.13650x+19.91371; Cohesion with coarse grain content variation equation of nonlinear regression:y=-0.00005x3+0.00539x2+0.02875x+20.15406; Wet disintegration test change dispersion particle composition content, while the particles of the relative position changes, cause of granular materials pore ratio changes, if the reaction in the materials strength mechanism in the process of particle groups, namely the change makes the density change, the particle contact point changing, shear resistance and corresponding changes.
Based on the test results, according to different height of tailings reservoir water level rise divided condition, for Manjiazhai dump stability analysis. The calculation results show that the dump with tailings water level rising, the safety coefficient decreases, until the instability. Based on the numerical results, show that tailings reservoir water level rise rear dump stability will be reduced gradually, there is possibility of landslides. In view of this situation, put forward power using gravity retaining wall and masonry slope protection way of combining reinforcement disposition, by checking the disposal measures.
本论文以云南某露天矿山万龙山尾矿库上游的曼家寨排土场为研究对象,基于试验研究手段对排土场散体物料力学参数进行测试,通过在曼家寨排土场950平台、1020平台和1130平台进行现场原位剪切试验,分别得到了以大理岩为主的散体、云母片岩为主的散体和石英片岩为主的散体其抗剪强度参数指标分别为：c1=101.50kPa、 φ1=23.84°;c2=23.40kPa、φ2=33.89°; c3=40.70kPa、φ3=21.74°;对不同级配状态下的散体进行了直接剪试切验研究,分析了粘聚力和内摩擦角随粗颗粒含量变化的关系特征,并得到了内摩擦角随粗颗粒含量变化的非线性回归方程：y=-0.00004x3+0.00286x2+0.13650x+19.91371;粘聚力随粗颗粒含量变化的非线性回归方程：y=-0.00005x3+0.00539x2+0.02875x+20.15406;湿化崩解试验改变了散体中颗粒组成含量,同时使得颗粒的相对位置发生变化,引起散体物料孔隙比的变化,如果反应在该种物料强度机理产生过程中,即颗粒粒组的变化使得密实度改变,颗粒的接触点发生变化,剪切阻力也相应改变。
基于试验研究成果,按尾矿库水位上升不同高度划分工况,对曼家寨排土场稳定性进行计算分析。计算结果表明排土场随尾矿库水位不断上升,安全系数不断降低,直至失稳。基于数值计算结果,表明尾矿库水位上升后排土场稳定性将逐渐降低,存在滑坡的可能。针对这种情况,提出力采用重力式挡墙和砌石护坡相结合的方式进行加固处置,通过验算该处置措施有效。
Dump slope immersion instability compared to ordinary landslide has two outstanding characteristics:(1) dump surface is mainly composed of stope blasting stripping waste rock composition, these loose accumulation body is the accumulation of the secondary slope, due to their dispersion, complexity and variability, but differs by not strong perturbations of the rock and soil slope composed of;(2) the slope groundwater changes influence the engineering object, not only by the influence of groundwater, the most prominent feature is the dump in tailings reservoir upstream, with the production of continuously thorough, tailings reservoir water level will rise ceaselessly, will be partially submerged dump slope, bring new security issues.
This paper takes Yunnan open-pit mine tailings upstream million in Manjiazhai dump as the research object, based on the test results by means of dump granular material mechanics parameter test. Through in Manjiazhai dump950platform, the1020platform and the1130platform for in-situ shear test, obtained respectively with marble consisting mainly of dispersion, mica schist based dispersions and quartz schist based dispersion of shear strength parameters respectively:c1=101.50kPa、φ1=23.84°; c2=23.40kPa、φ2=33.89°; c3=40.70kPa、φ3=21.74°; On the gradation of dispersion were direct shear test cut test research, analysis of the cohesive force and internal friction angle with the content of coarse particles of the relationship between the change of character, and the angle of internal friction with the content of coarse particles changes in nonlinear regression equation: y=-0.00004x3+0.00286x2+0.13650x+19.91371; Cohesion with coarse grain content variation equation of nonlinear regression:y=-0.00005x3+0.00539x2+0.02875x+20.15406; Wet disintegration test change dispersion particle composition content, while the particles of the relative position changes, cause of granular materials pore ratio changes, if the reaction in the materials strength mechanism in the process of particle groups, namely the change makes the density change, the particle contact point changing, shear resistance and corresponding changes.
Based on the test results, according to different height of tailings reservoir water level rise divided condition, for Manjiazhai dump stability analysis. The calculation results show that the dump with tailings water level rising, the safety coefficient decreases, until the instability. Based on the numerical results, show that tailings reservoir water level rise rear dump stability will be reduced gradually, there is possibility of landslides. In view of this situation, put forward power using gravity retaining wall and masonry slope protection way of combining reinforcement disposition, by checking the disposal measures.
引文
[1]王学武.三峡库区水位升降作用对库岸边坡影响研究[D].成都理工大学
[2]陈远川,谢远光,陈战.库岸边坡失稳机理及处治措施研究[J].西部交通科技,2009(3)：115-119
[3]尾矿库安全技术规程AQ 2006—2005[S].国家安全生产监督管理总局
[4]胡坚.永平铜矿排土场安全稳定性分析[D].江西理工大学
[5]李林.兰尖铁矿尖山排土场散体物理力学性质试验研究[J].四川冶金,NO.1,1992：1-5
[6]马鞍山矿山研究院.排土场散体的力学特性[J].矿山技术,NO.1,1989：16-21
[7]谢学斌,潘长良.排土场散体岩石粒度分布与剪切强度的分形特征[J].岩土力学,2004,25(2)：287-291
[8]高秀坤,李兴照.分形几何理论在散体物料中的应用[J].河南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(2)： 213-216
[9]王学军,唐兵.重庆库区松散土体物理力学参数分析[J].水运工程,2002,343(8)14-18
[10]陈洪凯,翁其能,袁建议等.重庆库区典型松散土体的岩土力学参数敏感性试验分析[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版)2000,23卷增刊：203-206
[11]唐红梅.重庆库区松散土体力学参数试验分析.重庆交通学院学报,2002,21(1)：93-101
[12]Fellenius,W.Erdstatiche Berechnungen mit Reibung and Kohasion[J], Ernst,Berlin (in German).1927
[13]Bishop, A.W The use of the slip circle in the stability analysis of slopes [J].Geotechnique, London.1955, V61.5(1):7-17
[14]Lowe, J. and Karafiath,L. Stability of earth dams upon draw down. Proc.,1 st PanRm.Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., Mexico City.1960,2:537-552
[15]U.S. Army Corps of Engineerings. Engineering and design-stability of earth and rock fill dams. Engr. Manual EM 1110-2-1902, Dept. of the Army, Corp of Engrs., Ofc. of the Chf. of Engrs.1970
[16]Morgenstern, N.R., and Price, V.E. The analysis of the stability of generalslip-surfaces[J]. Geotechnique, London.1965, Vol.15(1):79-93
[17]Spencer, E. A method of analysis of the stability of embankments assuming parallel interslice forces[J]. Geotechnique, London.1967, Vol.17(1):11-26
[18]Janbu, N. Earth pressures and bearing capacity calculations by generalized procedure of slices [J]. Proceedings of the fourth international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering.1975, Vol.2
[19]Hoek, E. Bray, J. W, Boyd, J. M. The stability of a rock slope containing a wedge resting on two intersecting discontinuities [J]. Quarterly J. Engineering Geology.1973, Vol.6(1)
[20]Revilla, J. Castillo, E. The calculus of variation applied to stability of slope[J].Geotech,1977,27(1):1-11
[21]Sarma, S.K. Stability analysis of embankments and slopes.[J]. J. Geotech.Engrg. Div., ASCE.1979,105(12):1511-1524
[22]陈祖煜.土质边坡稳定分析—原理、方法、程序[M].中国水利水电出版社,2003,1-294
[23]邓聚龙.灰色系统基本方法[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1987
[24]李兆权.应用岩石力学[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1994
[25]夏元友,李梅.边坡稳定性评价方法研究及发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7)：1087-1091
[26]陈新民,罗国煜.基于经验的边坡稳定性灰色系统分析与评价[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5)：638-641
[27]靳蕃.神经计算智能基础原理·方法[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2000
[28]李彰明.模糊分析在边坡稳定性评价中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5)：490-495
[29]张小辉,王辉,戴富初等.基于关系矩阵和模糊集权的斜坡稳定性综合评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3)：346-351
[30]夏元友,朱瑞赓.岩质边坡稳定性多层次模糊综合评价系统研究[J].工程地质学报,1999,7(1)：46-53
[31]祝玉学.边坡可靠性分析[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1993
[32]王家臣.边坡工程随机分析原理[M].北京：煤炭科学出版社,1996.
[33]石根华.块体系统不连续变形数值分析新方法[M].北京：科学出版社,1993
[34]张明,胡瑞林,崔芳鹏等.考虑水岩物理化学作用的库岸堆积体边坡稳定性研究——以金沙江下咱日堆积体为例.[J]岩石力学与工程学报2008,27(增2)3699-3704
[35]魏永幸.滑坡防治工程技术现状及其展望[J].路基工程,2001(5)：17-19
[36]FLAC-user's manual[M]. Minneapolis, MN:Itasca Consulting Group Inc.1997
[37]文华.边坡加固方案的优化设计[D].昆明理工大学
[38]杜俊,侯克鹏等.都龙锡矿排土场松散岩土体原位直剪试验研究[J].现代矿业,2009,10： 58-60
[39]李彰明.模糊分析在边坡稳定性评价中的应用.[J]岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5)：490-495
[40]侯克鹏.万龙山尾矿库对排土场稳定性影响及治理措施研究[R]昆明理工大学,2011,12
[41]建筑边坡工程技术规范(GB50330-2002)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[42]郭庆国.粗粒土的工程特性及应用[M].郑州：黄河水利出版社,1998
[43]梁维.曼家寨排土场散体岩石物料力学特性研究[D].昆明理工大学
[2]陈远川,谢远光,陈战.库岸边坡失稳机理及处治措施研究[J].西部交通科技,2009(3)：115-119
[3]尾矿库安全技术规程AQ 2006—2005[S].国家安全生产监督管理总局
[4]胡坚.永平铜矿排土场安全稳定性分析[D].江西理工大学
[5]李林.兰尖铁矿尖山排土场散体物理力学性质试验研究[J].四川冶金,NO.1,1992：1-5
[6]马鞍山矿山研究院.排土场散体的力学特性[J].矿山技术,NO.1,1989：16-21
[7]谢学斌,潘长良.排土场散体岩石粒度分布与剪切强度的分形特征[J].岩土力学,2004,25(2)：287-291
[8]高秀坤,李兴照.分形几何理论在散体物料中的应用[J].河南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(2)： 213-216
[9]王学军,唐兵.重庆库区松散土体物理力学参数分析[J].水运工程,2002,343(8)14-18
[10]陈洪凯,翁其能,袁建议等.重庆库区典型松散土体的岩土力学参数敏感性试验分析[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版)2000,23卷增刊：203-206
[11]唐红梅.重庆库区松散土体力学参数试验分析.重庆交通学院学报,2002,21(1)：93-101
[12]Fellenius,W.Erdstatiche Berechnungen mit Reibung and Kohasion[J], Ernst,Berlin (in German).1927
[13]Bishop, A.W The use of the slip circle in the stability analysis of slopes [J].Geotechnique, London.1955, V61.5(1):7-17
[14]Lowe, J. and Karafiath,L. Stability of earth dams upon draw down. Proc.,1 st PanRm.Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., Mexico City.1960,2:537-552
[15]U.S. Army Corps of Engineerings. Engineering and design-stability of earth and rock fill dams. Engr. Manual EM 1110-2-1902, Dept. of the Army, Corp of Engrs., Ofc. of the Chf. of Engrs.1970
[16]Morgenstern, N.R., and Price, V.E. The analysis of the stability of generalslip-surfaces[J]. Geotechnique, London.1965, Vol.15(1):79-93
[17]Spencer, E. A method of analysis of the stability of embankments assuming parallel interslice forces[J]. Geotechnique, London.1967, Vol.17(1):11-26
[18]Janbu, N. Earth pressures and bearing capacity calculations by generalized procedure of slices [J]. Proceedings of the fourth international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering.1975, Vol.2
[19]Hoek, E. Bray, J. W, Boyd, J. M. The stability of a rock slope containing a wedge resting on two intersecting discontinuities [J]. Quarterly J. Engineering Geology.1973, Vol.6(1)
[20]Revilla, J. Castillo, E. The calculus of variation applied to stability of slope[J].Geotech,1977,27(1):1-11
[21]Sarma, S.K. Stability analysis of embankments and slopes.[J]. J. Geotech.Engrg. Div., ASCE.1979,105(12):1511-1524
[22]陈祖煜.土质边坡稳定分析—原理、方法、程序[M].中国水利水电出版社,2003,1-294
[23]邓聚龙.灰色系统基本方法[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1987
[24]李兆权.应用岩石力学[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1994
[25]夏元友,李梅.边坡稳定性评价方法研究及发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7)：1087-1091
[26]陈新民,罗国煜.基于经验的边坡稳定性灰色系统分析与评价[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5)：638-641
[27]靳蕃.神经计算智能基础原理·方法[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2000
[28]李彰明.模糊分析在边坡稳定性评价中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5)：490-495
[29]张小辉,王辉,戴富初等.基于关系矩阵和模糊集权的斜坡稳定性综合评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3)：346-351
[30]夏元友,朱瑞赓.岩质边坡稳定性多层次模糊综合评价系统研究[J].工程地质学报,1999,7(1)：46-53
[31]祝玉学.边坡可靠性分析[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1993
[32]王家臣.边坡工程随机分析原理[M].北京：煤炭科学出版社,1996.
[33]石根华.块体系统不连续变形数值分析新方法[M].北京：科学出版社,1993
[34]张明,胡瑞林,崔芳鹏等.考虑水岩物理化学作用的库岸堆积体边坡稳定性研究——以金沙江下咱日堆积体为例.[J]岩石力学与工程学报2008,27(增2)3699-3704
[35]魏永幸.滑坡防治工程技术现状及其展望[J].路基工程,2001(5)：17-19
[36]FLAC-user's manual[M]. Minneapolis, MN:Itasca Consulting Group Inc.1997
[37]文华.边坡加固方案的优化设计[D].昆明理工大学
[38]杜俊,侯克鹏等.都龙锡矿排土场松散岩土体原位直剪试验研究[J].现代矿业,2009,10： 58-60
[39]李彰明.模糊分析在边坡稳定性评价中的应用.[J]岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5)：490-495
[40]侯克鹏.万龙山尾矿库对排土场稳定性影响及治理措施研究[R]昆明理工大学,2011,12
[41]建筑边坡工程技术规范(GB50330-2002)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[42]郭庆国.粗粒土的工程特性及应用[M].郑州：黄河水利出版社,1998
[43]梁维.曼家寨排土场散体岩石物料力学特性研究[D].昆明理工大学