AlTi细化剂对Al-Mg_2Si复合材料显微组织与力学性能的影响
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摘要
Al-Mg_2Si复合材料具有低密度,低成本,高比模量,制备工艺比较简单等优点,适用于汽车的发动机缸套等比较轻量化的部件。但是,初生Mg_2Si相在铝基体中一般比较粗大,且带有棱角,严重影响了复合材料的性能。因此,改善初生Mg_2Si相的形貌与尺寸,提高复合材料的力学性能是解决的首要问题。本课题实验是研究AlTi细化剂对Al-Mg_2Si复合材料的显微组织与力学性能的影响。通过添加三种不同AlTi细化剂,观察Al-Mg_2Si复合材料中Mg_2Si相的细化效果,以及Al-Mg_2Si复合材料的力学性能的改善情况,并分析其细化机理。
实验中选用的三种细化剂包括AlTiC、AlTiP和AlTiZr晶粒细化剂,加入量不超过1%。选用的Al-Mg_2Si复合材料为Al-30%Mg_2Si和Al-40%Mg_2Si复合材料。AlTi细化剂加入后,Al-Mg_2Si复合材料显微组织发生变化,Mg_2Si相晶粒尺寸减小,棱角也相对减小,形貌相对圆滑。通过力学性能测试实验,Al-Mg_2Si复合材料的硬度,拉伸强度,均得到不同程度提升。
通过改变三种细化剂不同加入量,进一步研究细化剂Al-Mg_2Si复合材料的显微组织与力学性能的影响,细化剂加入量分别为总量的0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%和1%。观察发现,Al-Mg_2Si复合材料中的Mg_2Si相的细化效果以及Al-Mg_2Si复合材料的力学性能不是随着AlTi细化剂加入量的增加而提高。当细化剂加入量超过一定量后,Al-Mg_2Si复合材料中Mg_2Si相的细化效果开始降低,其形貌尺寸变的粗大,力学性能也随之降低。因此,在设定的加入范围内,发现当细化剂的加入量为一定时,其细化效果最优,提升Al-Mg_2Si复合材料力学性能最大。通过相关检测与对比实验,从宏观到微观,进一步分析AlTiC、AlTiP和AlTiZr三种晶粒细化剂分别作用Al-Mg_2Si复合材料的细化机理,解释细化剂对Al-Mg_2Si复合材料的细化现象。
Because Al-Mg_2Si composite has many advantages, such as low density, low cost, high modulus ratio, simple preparation process, it is suitable for lightweight component, such as the cylinder sleeve of automobile's engine. But primary Al-Mg_2Si phase is coarse and gerippt in Al matrix, these characteristics seriously impact the property of composite. To improve primary Al-Mg_2Si phase's feature and size and composite's mechanical property becomes the main problems.The research of the topic is on the influence of microstructure and mechanical properties when AlTi agent is added in Al-Mg_2Si composite. Through adding three kinds of AlTi agents,to observe the refining effectiveness of Mg_2Si phase in Al-Mg_2Si composite,and to compare the improvement of Al-Mg_2Si composite's mechanical properties, finaly to analyse refining mechanics.
The three kinds of agents include AlTiC, AlTiP and AlTiZr grain refiner. The dosis of grain refiner added into Al-Mg_2Si composite is lower than 1% of Al-Mg_2Si composite′s weight. The Al-Mg_2Si composite used in experiment is Al-30% Mg_2Si or Al-40% Mg_2Si composite.
Through adding AlTi agent, Mg_2Si phase is smaller in size and rounder in edge. Through mechanical properties test, the hardness and tensile strengh are found to improve.
To further, the influence of Al-Mg_2Si composite′s microstructure and mechanical properties is studied through changing the dosis of agents. The dosis of agents is 0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8% or 1%. The study shows that refining effectiveness of Mg_2Si phase in Al-Mg_2Si composite and mechanical properties of Al-Mg_2Si composite are not improved
with the inceasing dosis of AlTi agent. When the dosis of AlTi agent is more than certain level, the refining effectiveness of Mg_2Si phase falls down, the pattern and size become coarse and the mechanical properties of Al-Mg_2Si composite fall down. Therefore, in certain range, the refining effectiveness and mechanical properties are better. Through related detection and comparing experiment, the refining mechanics of AlTiC, AlTiP and AlTiZr grain refiner are further analysed in macroscopic and microscopic view.
实验中选用的三种细化剂包括AlTiC、AlTiP和AlTiZr晶粒细化剂,加入量不超过1%。选用的Al-Mg_2Si复合材料为Al-30%Mg_2Si和Al-40%Mg_2Si复合材料。AlTi细化剂加入后,Al-Mg_2Si复合材料显微组织发生变化,Mg_2Si相晶粒尺寸减小,棱角也相对减小,形貌相对圆滑。通过力学性能测试实验,Al-Mg_2Si复合材料的硬度,拉伸强度,均得到不同程度提升。
通过改变三种细化剂不同加入量,进一步研究细化剂Al-Mg_2Si复合材料的显微组织与力学性能的影响,细化剂加入量分别为总量的0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%和1%。观察发现,Al-Mg_2Si复合材料中的Mg_2Si相的细化效果以及Al-Mg_2Si复合材料的力学性能不是随着AlTi细化剂加入量的增加而提高。当细化剂加入量超过一定量后,Al-Mg_2Si复合材料中Mg_2Si相的细化效果开始降低,其形貌尺寸变的粗大,力学性能也随之降低。因此,在设定的加入范围内,发现当细化剂的加入量为一定时,其细化效果最优,提升Al-Mg_2Si复合材料力学性能最大。通过相关检测与对比实验,从宏观到微观,进一步分析AlTiC、AlTiP和AlTiZr三种晶粒细化剂分别作用Al-Mg_2Si复合材料的细化机理,解释细化剂对Al-Mg_2Si复合材料的细化现象。
Because Al-Mg_2Si composite has many advantages, such as low density, low cost, high modulus ratio, simple preparation process, it is suitable for lightweight component, such as the cylinder sleeve of automobile's engine. But primary Al-Mg_2Si phase is coarse and gerippt in Al matrix, these characteristics seriously impact the property of composite. To improve primary Al-Mg_2Si phase's feature and size and composite's mechanical property becomes the main problems.The research of the topic is on the influence of microstructure and mechanical properties when AlTi agent is added in Al-Mg_2Si composite. Through adding three kinds of AlTi agents,to observe the refining effectiveness of Mg_2Si phase in Al-Mg_2Si composite,and to compare the improvement of Al-Mg_2Si composite's mechanical properties, finaly to analyse refining mechanics.
The three kinds of agents include AlTiC, AlTiP and AlTiZr grain refiner. The dosis of grain refiner added into Al-Mg_2Si composite is lower than 1% of Al-Mg_2Si composite′s weight. The Al-Mg_2Si composite used in experiment is Al-30% Mg_2Si or Al-40% Mg_2Si composite.
Through adding AlTi agent, Mg_2Si phase is smaller in size and rounder in edge. Through mechanical properties test, the hardness and tensile strengh are found to improve.
To further, the influence of Al-Mg_2Si composite′s microstructure and mechanical properties is studied through changing the dosis of agents. The dosis of agents is 0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8% or 1%. The study shows that refining effectiveness of Mg_2Si phase in Al-Mg_2Si composite and mechanical properties of Al-Mg_2Si composite are not improved
with the inceasing dosis of AlTi agent. When the dosis of AlTi agent is more than certain level, the refining effectiveness of Mg_2Si phase falls down, the pattern and size become coarse and the mechanical properties of Al-Mg_2Si composite fall down. Therefore, in certain range, the refining effectiveness and mechanical properties are better. Through related detection and comparing experiment, the refining mechanics of AlTiC, AlTiP and AlTiZr grain refiner are further analysed in macroscopic and microscopic view.
引文
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[2] Erhard E, Schmid, Kerster Von Oldenburg, et al. Micorstructure and properties of as cast intermetallic Mg_2Si-Al alloys. Z. Metallkid, 1990, 81(21): 809~815.
[3] Jose Mannuel Munoz-Palos, Madel Carmen Cristina. Mater Trans, 1996, 37(10): 1602~1604.
[4]高英俊,李云雯.Al-Mg-Si合金的价电子结构分析.湖南文理学院学报(自然科学版),2003, 15(4):9~11.
[5] rmmeyer G F, Beer S, Oldenburg K. Microst ructureand Mechanical Properties of Mechanically AlloyedIntermetallic Mg_2Si-Al Alloys. Z Metallkd, 1994, 17(85): 372~376.
[6] Benjamin J S. Dispersion Strengthened Superalloys by Mechanical Alloying. Metallurgical Transaction, 1970, 93(1): 2943~2951.
[7]李新林.TiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料的制备.长春:吉林大学,2005.
[8] Ma Z Y, Ning X G, Lu X Y, et al. Daninger. In-situ Al4C3 dispersoid and SiC particlemixture reinforced aluminium composite. Script. Metal.l Ma-ter, 1994, 31(9): 131~135.
[9] Kazulosh Y, Moloyama i T M. EPMA state and analysis of formation of TiC duringmechanical alloying of Mg, Ti and graphite powder mixture. J. Jap. Inst. Metals, 1996, 60(14): 100~105.
[10] Moore J J, Feng H J. Combustion synthesis of advanced materials: Part I. reaction parameters. Progress in Materials Science. 1995, 39(17): 243~273.
[11]修坤.TiC/AZ91镁基复合材料组织及耐磨性的研究.长春:吉林大学,2006.
[12] Merzhanov A G. Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis: Twenty years of search and findings. Combustion and Plasma Synthesis of High-temperature materials. New York, 1990.
[13] Gao Lian(高濂),宫本大树.放电等离子烧结技术.Journal of Inorganic Materials(无机材料学报)1997,12(2):129~133.
[14]臧树俊,周琦,马勤等.金属间化合物Mg_2Si研究进展.铸造技术,2006,27(18):866~870.
[15] Erhard E Schmid, Kerster Von Oldenburg, Georg Frommeyer. Micorstructure and properties of ascast intermetallic Mg_2Si-Al alloys. Z. Metallkid, 1990, 81(24): 809~815.
[16] Gil H Li, Gil H S, Varin R A. Magnesium silicide intermetal alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 1993, 24(39): 2383~2391.
[17]张健.Al-Mg_2Si原位内生复合材料:组织,性能及功能梯度材料的制备.沈阳:中国科学院金属研究所,1999.
[18] Morris R G, Redin R D, Danielson G C. Semiconducting properties of Mg_2Si single crystals. Phys. Rev, 1958, 109(28): 1909~1915.
[19] Yoshinaga M, Iida T, Noda M, et al. iBulk crystal growth of Mg_2Si by the vertical Bridgman method. Thin solid films, 2004, 461(8): 86~89.
[20] Tamura D, Naga R, Sugimoto K, et al. growth and characterization of Mg_2Si bulk crystals. Thin Solid Films, 2007, 515(47): 8272~8276.
[21] Akasaka M, Iida T, Nemoto T, et al. Non-wetting crystal growth of Mg_2Si by vertical Bridgman method and thermoelectric characteristics. Journal of crystal grwoth, 2007, 304(12): 196~201.
[22]熊伟,秦晓英,王莉.金属间化合物Mg_2Si研究进展.材料导报,2005,19(6):4~7.
[23] Takenobu Kajikawa, Keisuke Shida, Kentaro Shiraish, et al. Thermoelectric figure of merit of impurity doped and hot-pressedmagnesium silicide elements. 17th international conference on thermoelectrics. 1998: 269~275.
[24] Takenobu Kajikawa, Keisuke Shida, Sunao Sugihara, et al. Thermoelectric Properties of Magnesium Sili-cide Processed by Powdered Elements Plasma Activated Sintering Method. 16th international conference on thermo electrics. 1997, 362~369.
[25]姜洪义,冷永刚,张联盟.Mg_2Si固相反应的热力学评估及工艺优化.武汉理工大学学报,2001,23(4):7~9.
[26]启全.铝合金熔炼与铸造.广东:科技出版社.2002.
[27]任峻,陶钦贵,马颖.Al-Ti-B合金晶粒细化剂及细化机理的发展与现状.铸造技术2000,28(1):69~73.
[28] Youdelis W V, Fang W. Calculated Al2Ti2Be Phase Diagram and Interpretation of Grain Refinement Results. Materials Science and Technology, 1991, 7(3): 202~204.
[29]张承甫,龚建森,建杏蓉等.液态金属的净化与变质.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1989
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