类生产函数企业价值链管理研究
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摘要
自1985年Michael E.Porter教授在研究竞争优势时提出了价值链(Value Chain)概念,由于思想的新颖性,吸引了大批学者对其进行研究,运用价值链理论能够提升组织竞争力已经获得了广泛认同。在企业提高管理水平和提升竞争力的实际过程中,研究如何有效实现价值链管理优化的具体理论与方法和动态考察、评估、优化各价值活动效率是一个重要的现实问题,企业生产经营管理、激励机制、制度建设及战略调整都与这些研究密切相关。目前价值链理论对此还没有很好地解决,集中表现在两个方面。
(1)价值链理论虽有较为完善的分析框架,但没有构造性模型和缺乏比较可行的实现理论或方法,这是目前对价值链研究主要停留在概念和理念层次上的一个基本原因。如果没有较好的实现方式,那么价值链理论优势将得不到充分发挥。
(2)就企业经营管理者而言,运用现有的价值链理论来实现价值链优化与管理存在诸多困难,如对企业价值活动难以实现具体界定和分类;对各类价值活动的增值刻画没有较好的实现方法等。因此,拓展价值链理论对完善企业竞争战略理论具有重要的现实意义。
本文从深化企业竞争战略理论研究的基本点出发,目的是使价值链管理从理论范畴落实到具体的企业管理优化模型,从而将提升企业竞争能力落到实处。围绕研究目的,从三个层次上进行了深入探讨。
(1)基于价值链的基本理论,借鉴生产函数理论与思想,提出了一种新的价值链管理理论——“类生产函数价值链管理理论”。该理论从企业生产活动的基本特征投入-产出活动出发,采用生产函数和边际分析思想,结合了传统价值链理论,主要包含价值链短期管理和长期管理理论两部分。
(2)基于“类生产函数价值链管理理论”,建立了一系列类生产函数企业价值链管理模型。根据企业价值链的假设不同,分别在宏观和微观层次上建立了四种具体的企业价值链管理模型并分别论述了这些模型的性质以及如何对企业价值链进行优化管理。模型的建立使价值链理论从理念性的范畴落实到了具体的企业管理优化,深化了企业竞争战略理论研究。从基础类生产函数增长速度方程的思想出发,提出了影响生产作业活动中价值增加的指标体系,通过价值活动之间的相互比较,建立了一种度量价值链中价值增量的新模型。该模型一方面可以衡量整个流程创造的价值;另一方面能够定量刻画子流程或者某个生产环节对整个流程的贡献率,对企业资源分配和激励机制的确立具有重要的现实意义。
(3)运用类生产函数企业价值链管理理论与模型,从新的角度研究了石油企业的生产优化管理与激励行为问题。依照石油企业的基本特点,对价值链进行设计,建立了一种石油企业的类生产函数价值链管理模型,并以中国石油天然气股份有限公司为例,对石油企业价值链的优化管理进行了实证分析。以类生产函数企业价值链管理理论为基础,从岗位贡献及岗薪制度设计角度探讨了企业的激励问题,特别是建立了团队激励模型并进行应用,为企业提高生产效率和员工的积极性提供依据。
本文建立了适合企业价值链管理的构造性理论,促进了对企业内部分析和产业与竞争环境的外部分析,丰富了企业竞争战略的理论研究。提出的类生产函数价值链管理理论与模型,拓展了价值链管理理论,为企业战略实施的实际操作提供了一套行之有效的方法,同时可为动态战略分析和企业制度建设、生产管理优化、激励机制制定等提供依据。通过对价值链活动进行优化研究,将有利于企业优化资源配置,提高创造价值的能力,为价值链理论支持企业竞争战略研究提供事实依据,并可为成本管理、竞争优势评估、战略管理、企业流程再造和信息集成等价值链理论的进一步研究提供有益探索。
Prof. Michael E.Porter has brought forward the value chain (Value Chain) concept when studying a competitive edge since 1985, because of the thought originality, large amounts of scholar who has been attracted by it carries out the thought on the person studying,the organization competition wielding value chain theory being able to be advanced has already gained broad approbation.In the process of reality improving control level and lifting competition in enterprise,the research how to effectively realize the concrete theory, method,development inspect, appraise ,optimize every value activity efficiency of the value chain manage optimization is a real important problem,production management control,incentive mechanism,formulating,essential rules and egulations,strategy work out enterprise with these studying go hand in hand. At present, value chain theory fails to solve very good to here, epitomizes in the respect of two.
(1) The Value Chain theory though having comparatively perfect analytical framework, the construction model does not compose in reply theory or method being short of comparatively feasible realization, this is a fundamental reason for value chain studying stay mainly in concept and idea arrangement of ideas study at present. The Value Chain theory advantage can not be brought into full play, without fairly good realization way.
(2) In the cause of enterprise manage director, wielding forthcoming value chain theory to come to realize optimization and management of the value chain exist a lot of difficulty.For example,it is difficult to realize the concrete boundary and classification for the enterprise value activity; To all kinds of value, added value depicts have not fairly realization method so on. Therefore, make rubbings from exhibition value chain theory has important practical or immediate significance to perfecting enterprise competing for strategy theory.
The main body of a book is counted for deepening enterprise competing for strategy theory studying from basic starting off.The purpose is to make value chain manage from the category ascertains to concrete business management optimization model,enterprise competitiveness carries to be advanced out to the letter thereby. Surround the purpose studying , going deep into investigation and discussion on three arrangement of ideas.
(1) Owing to fundamental value chain theory, using the theory and thought of Production Function for reference, suggests that a kind of new value chain manage theory—“Quasi-production function Value Chain Management Theory”. The theory sets off from the industry essential features–-“Input-output”,adopts Production Function Theory and bound analysis, incorporates tradition value chain theory, contains two parts mainly: Value Chain Short-term Management and Value Chain Long -term Management Theory.
(2) Owing to“Quasi-production function Value Chain Management Theory”, establishes a series of Quasi-production function Enterprise Value Chain Management Model. According to the different hypothesis of Enterprise Value Chain,has built four kinds concrete enterprise value chain management model respectively on macroscopic view and microcosmic arrangement of ideas,and these models,character having been discussed respectively and the optimization how to be in progress to enterprise value chain. The model building-up makes value chain theory feel at ease from the idea category having arrived at the concrete business administration optimization,has deepened enterprise competing for strategy theory studying, sets off from the basis of Base Quasi-production function increasing speed equation, has brought forward the system affecting the index that value increment in the activity producing school assignment, compares by mutuality between value activity, has built a new kind of the value increment model of magnanimity value chain . The model can judge entire technological process creates one side; it is able to determine the amounts of the components of a substance depicting you technological process or some produce the link contribution rate to entire technological process another aspect,resource assignment and the incentive mechanism establishing have important practical or immediate significance to enterprise.
(3) Appling the theory and the model of Quasi-production function Value Chain Management,studied the problem of petroleum enterprise production optimization management and incentive behavior from new angle. According to fundamental petroleum enterprise characteristic, design on value chain,has built a kind of petroleum enterprise Quasi-production function Value Chain Management Model, and take Chinese petroleum gas incorporated company as example, the analysis for petroleum enterprise value chain optimization management the analysis has carried out demonstration. Take being similar to Quasi-production function Enterprise Value Chain management theory as basis, the angle that salary system designs from post contribution and post has been discussed the enterprise excitation problem, especially has founded a Team Incentive Model and has been applied in progress, the enthusiasm being that enterprise improves the efficacy and the employee provides a basis.
The main body of a book has been established being suitable to the constructive theory of enterprise value chain Management, has promoted to enterprise inside analysis and estate and the environment of competition outside analysis, the theory has enriched enterprise competing for strategy studies. Suggesting Quasi-production function Value Chain management theory and Model, has stretched value chain management theory, the actual operation being that enterprise strategy is put into effect has provided a set of effective method, working out for strategy analyses development、enterprise formulating essential rules and regulations、Production management optimization、incentive mechanism and so on provide a basis at the same time. Study by the fact that carries out an value chain optimization activity, general beneficial for enterprise to optimize the allocation of resources, improve the ability creating value, the strategy competing for value chain theory supporting enterprise is studied to provid fact,and may provide the beneficial exploration for these value chain theries,such as Control of production, the competitive edge is appraised,Strategic Management, Technological process rebuilds enterprise, Information is integrated, an so on, going a step further studies.
(1)价值链理论虽有较为完善的分析框架,但没有构造性模型和缺乏比较可行的实现理论或方法,这是目前对价值链研究主要停留在概念和理念层次上的一个基本原因。如果没有较好的实现方式,那么价值链理论优势将得不到充分发挥。
(2)就企业经营管理者而言,运用现有的价值链理论来实现价值链优化与管理存在诸多困难,如对企业价值活动难以实现具体界定和分类;对各类价值活动的增值刻画没有较好的实现方法等。因此,拓展价值链理论对完善企业竞争战略理论具有重要的现实意义。
本文从深化企业竞争战略理论研究的基本点出发,目的是使价值链管理从理论范畴落实到具体的企业管理优化模型,从而将提升企业竞争能力落到实处。围绕研究目的,从三个层次上进行了深入探讨。
(1)基于价值链的基本理论,借鉴生产函数理论与思想,提出了一种新的价值链管理理论——“类生产函数价值链管理理论”。该理论从企业生产活动的基本特征投入-产出活动出发,采用生产函数和边际分析思想,结合了传统价值链理论,主要包含价值链短期管理和长期管理理论两部分。
(2)基于“类生产函数价值链管理理论”,建立了一系列类生产函数企业价值链管理模型。根据企业价值链的假设不同,分别在宏观和微观层次上建立了四种具体的企业价值链管理模型并分别论述了这些模型的性质以及如何对企业价值链进行优化管理。模型的建立使价值链理论从理念性的范畴落实到了具体的企业管理优化,深化了企业竞争战略理论研究。从基础类生产函数增长速度方程的思想出发,提出了影响生产作业活动中价值增加的指标体系,通过价值活动之间的相互比较,建立了一种度量价值链中价值增量的新模型。该模型一方面可以衡量整个流程创造的价值;另一方面能够定量刻画子流程或者某个生产环节对整个流程的贡献率,对企业资源分配和激励机制的确立具有重要的现实意义。
(3)运用类生产函数企业价值链管理理论与模型,从新的角度研究了石油企业的生产优化管理与激励行为问题。依照石油企业的基本特点,对价值链进行设计,建立了一种石油企业的类生产函数价值链管理模型,并以中国石油天然气股份有限公司为例,对石油企业价值链的优化管理进行了实证分析。以类生产函数企业价值链管理理论为基础,从岗位贡献及岗薪制度设计角度探讨了企业的激励问题,特别是建立了团队激励模型并进行应用,为企业提高生产效率和员工的积极性提供依据。
本文建立了适合企业价值链管理的构造性理论,促进了对企业内部分析和产业与竞争环境的外部分析,丰富了企业竞争战略的理论研究。提出的类生产函数价值链管理理论与模型,拓展了价值链管理理论,为企业战略实施的实际操作提供了一套行之有效的方法,同时可为动态战略分析和企业制度建设、生产管理优化、激励机制制定等提供依据。通过对价值链活动进行优化研究,将有利于企业优化资源配置,提高创造价值的能力,为价值链理论支持企业竞争战略研究提供事实依据,并可为成本管理、竞争优势评估、战略管理、企业流程再造和信息集成等价值链理论的进一步研究提供有益探索。
Prof. Michael E.Porter has brought forward the value chain (Value Chain) concept when studying a competitive edge since 1985, because of the thought originality, large amounts of scholar who has been attracted by it carries out the thought on the person studying,the organization competition wielding value chain theory being able to be advanced has already gained broad approbation.In the process of reality improving control level and lifting competition in enterprise,the research how to effectively realize the concrete theory, method,development inspect, appraise ,optimize every value activity efficiency of the value chain manage optimization is a real important problem,production management control,incentive mechanism,formulating,essential rules and egulations,strategy work out enterprise with these studying go hand in hand. At present, value chain theory fails to solve very good to here, epitomizes in the respect of two.
(1) The Value Chain theory though having comparatively perfect analytical framework, the construction model does not compose in reply theory or method being short of comparatively feasible realization, this is a fundamental reason for value chain studying stay mainly in concept and idea arrangement of ideas study at present. The Value Chain theory advantage can not be brought into full play, without fairly good realization way.
(2) In the cause of enterprise manage director, wielding forthcoming value chain theory to come to realize optimization and management of the value chain exist a lot of difficulty.For example,it is difficult to realize the concrete boundary and classification for the enterprise value activity; To all kinds of value, added value depicts have not fairly realization method so on. Therefore, make rubbings from exhibition value chain theory has important practical or immediate significance to perfecting enterprise competing for strategy theory.
The main body of a book is counted for deepening enterprise competing for strategy theory studying from basic starting off.The purpose is to make value chain manage from the category ascertains to concrete business management optimization model,enterprise competitiveness carries to be advanced out to the letter thereby. Surround the purpose studying , going deep into investigation and discussion on three arrangement of ideas.
(1) Owing to fundamental value chain theory, using the theory and thought of Production Function for reference, suggests that a kind of new value chain manage theory—“Quasi-production function Value Chain Management Theory”. The theory sets off from the industry essential features–-“Input-output”,adopts Production Function Theory and bound analysis, incorporates tradition value chain theory, contains two parts mainly: Value Chain Short-term Management and Value Chain Long -term Management Theory.
(2) Owing to“Quasi-production function Value Chain Management Theory”, establishes a series of Quasi-production function Enterprise Value Chain Management Model. According to the different hypothesis of Enterprise Value Chain,has built four kinds concrete enterprise value chain management model respectively on macroscopic view and microcosmic arrangement of ideas,and these models,character having been discussed respectively and the optimization how to be in progress to enterprise value chain. The model building-up makes value chain theory feel at ease from the idea category having arrived at the concrete business administration optimization,has deepened enterprise competing for strategy theory studying, sets off from the basis of Base Quasi-production function increasing speed equation, has brought forward the system affecting the index that value increment in the activity producing school assignment, compares by mutuality between value activity, has built a new kind of the value increment model of magnanimity value chain . The model can judge entire technological process creates one side; it is able to determine the amounts of the components of a substance depicting you technological process or some produce the link contribution rate to entire technological process another aspect,resource assignment and the incentive mechanism establishing have important practical or immediate significance to enterprise.
(3) Appling the theory and the model of Quasi-production function Value Chain Management,studied the problem of petroleum enterprise production optimization management and incentive behavior from new angle. According to fundamental petroleum enterprise characteristic, design on value chain,has built a kind of petroleum enterprise Quasi-production function Value Chain Management Model, and take Chinese petroleum gas incorporated company as example, the analysis for petroleum enterprise value chain optimization management the analysis has carried out demonstration. Take being similar to Quasi-production function Enterprise Value Chain management theory as basis, the angle that salary system designs from post contribution and post has been discussed the enterprise excitation problem, especially has founded a Team Incentive Model and has been applied in progress, the enthusiasm being that enterprise improves the efficacy and the employee provides a basis.
The main body of a book has been established being suitable to the constructive theory of enterprise value chain Management, has promoted to enterprise inside analysis and estate and the environment of competition outside analysis, the theory has enriched enterprise competing for strategy studies. Suggesting Quasi-production function Value Chain management theory and Model, has stretched value chain management theory, the actual operation being that enterprise strategy is put into effect has provided a set of effective method, working out for strategy analyses development、enterprise formulating essential rules and regulations、Production management optimization、incentive mechanism and so on provide a basis at the same time. Study by the fact that carries out an value chain optimization activity, general beneficial for enterprise to optimize the allocation of resources, improve the ability creating value, the strategy competing for value chain theory supporting enterprise is studied to provid fact,and may provide the beneficial exploration for these value chain theries,such as Control of production, the competitive edge is appraised,Strategic Management, Technological process rebuilds enterprise, Information is integrated, an so on, going a step further studies.
引文
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