供电企业可持续发展分析与评价
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摘要
改革开放以来，我国在衡量一个企业成功与否的标准上由一开始的评价企业规模大小、企业的市场地位、盈利能力，发展到今天的企业的可持续发展能力。能源工业作为国民经济的基础产业，它的可持续发展是整个社会经济可持续发展的重要组成部分。其中供电企业的可持续发展能力是实现电力行业可持续发展的前提和基础，因此研究供电企业的可持续发展问题就具有重要的现实意义。
本文共分五章。
第一章，绪论。简要地对可持续发展的概念、范畴和发展进行了概述，并明确了本文的研究对象是供电企业。本文主要采用了理论研究和案例研究相结合，定性研究和定量研究相结合的研究方法。第二章是本文的研究基础和理论框架。从企业可持续发展的概念及其发展为出发点，从战略管理、环境管理、制度理论和核心竞争力的角度阐述了企业可持续发展的内涵。并且回顾了目前常用的企业可持续发展的评价方法。这些理论上的探讨为下面的进一步研究奠定了一定的基础。
第三章至第五章是本文论述的重点内容。第三章主要探讨了供电企业可持续发展的支持子系统，即电力需求侧管理、技术创新与管理创新、生产和安全管理、人力资源管理以及企业文化建设等几个方面。本文主要讨论了这些支持子系统是如何影响供电企业的可持续发展战略的。第四章主要是基于前文的理论研究以及笔者多年的实践经验，建立了一套供电企业可持续发展能力的评价指标体系。然后通过层次分析法(AHP)定量地分析这套指标体系，确定各指标的权重。第五章主要是将这套指标体系实际运用于评价黄石市供电局可持续发展能力。通过在企业进行实地访谈和调查，我们确定了各项指标的评分，然后综合计算了该企业可持续发展能力的最后评分。研究结果表明该企业的可持续发展能力比较强，但是在企业内部管理制度、人力资源管理、需求侧管理等方面
武汉大学硕士学位论文
的可持续性比较差。在上述研究基础上，我们针对性地提出了该供电企业可持
续发展的建议。例如，积极开展营销创新，实现需求侧管理的可持续发展:加
大技术创新的有效投入，为供电企业的可持续发展奠定坚实的基础;努力实现
管理创新，建立与企业适配的内部管理制度，并加大实施力度;提高员工素质
是实现企业可持续发展的必要保障，建立以可持续发展为导向的文化是实现企
业可持续发展的核心。
Since China carries out the policy of reform and open, the standard of evaluating the success or failure of the company changes from the scale of the company, the market position and the ability of making profits, to the ability of sustainable development of the company today. The Energy Industry is the basic industry in the national economy and its sustainable development is the important part of the sustainable development of the society and economy. Moreover, the ability of sustainable development of the power supply company is the premise and basis of realizing the sustainable development of the electricity industry. So the study of the sustainable development of the power suppJy company has the important realistic implication.
The thesis includes five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. It summarizes the conception of sustainable development and its category and development briefly. Also it takes the power supply company as its study objective. The thesis adopts the method combining the theory study with case study, the qualitative study with quantitative study. The second chapter is the study basis and theory frame. Beginning with the concept of sustainable development, it explores the implication of sustainable development of the enterprises from the angles of strategic management, environment management, institutional theory and core competence. At the same time, it reviews the method of evaluating the ability of sustainable development of the enterprises. All of discussions establish the important base for the further research.
Chapter three to five are the key sections of the study. The third chapter mainly discusses the supportive sub-systems of sustainable development of the power supply companies, including power demand side management, technology innovation and management innovation, production management and security management, human resource management and the enterprises culture. It focuses on how the supportive sub-systems influence the strategy of sustainable development of the power supply
companies. The fourth chapter establishes the evaluation index system of sustainable development of the power supply companies based on above theory study and my experiences for many years. Then through the method of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process ), I decide the weights of all index Chapter five evaluates the ability of sustainable development of Huangshi Power Supply Bureau. I make interviews with some managers and employees and review the relative documents and decide the scores of all index. Then I calculate the final result of its ability of sustainable development and I find that it has the much stronger ability of sustainable development. However, it has shortcomings in some aspects, such as internal management system, human resource management, demand side management. Based on the study, I propose the suggestions for Huangshi Power Supply Bureau. For example, it should make an effort to develop the marketing innovation and realize the sustainable development of demand side management. And it should
invest on the technology innovation effectively so as to make a stable basis for its sustainable development. Additionally it should try its best to realize the management innovation and establish the internal management system fit for the company and carry out them. Moreover, it should improve the quality of employees which is the basic guarantee of sustainable development of the company. At last, the key to sustainable development of the company is to establish the sustainable development-oriented culture.
本文共分五章。
第一章，绪论。简要地对可持续发展的概念、范畴和发展进行了概述，并明确了本文的研究对象是供电企业。本文主要采用了理论研究和案例研究相结合，定性研究和定量研究相结合的研究方法。第二章是本文的研究基础和理论框架。从企业可持续发展的概念及其发展为出发点，从战略管理、环境管理、制度理论和核心竞争力的角度阐述了企业可持续发展的内涵。并且回顾了目前常用的企业可持续发展的评价方法。这些理论上的探讨为下面的进一步研究奠定了一定的基础。
第三章至第五章是本文论述的重点内容。第三章主要探讨了供电企业可持续发展的支持子系统，即电力需求侧管理、技术创新与管理创新、生产和安全管理、人力资源管理以及企业文化建设等几个方面。本文主要讨论了这些支持子系统是如何影响供电企业的可持续发展战略的。第四章主要是基于前文的理论研究以及笔者多年的实践经验，建立了一套供电企业可持续发展能力的评价指标体系。然后通过层次分析法(AHP)定量地分析这套指标体系，确定各指标的权重。第五章主要是将这套指标体系实际运用于评价黄石市供电局可持续发展能力。通过在企业进行实地访谈和调查，我们确定了各项指标的评分，然后综合计算了该企业可持续发展能力的最后评分。研究结果表明该企业的可持续发展能力比较强，但是在企业内部管理制度、人力资源管理、需求侧管理等方面
武汉大学硕士学位论文
的可持续性比较差。在上述研究基础上，我们针对性地提出了该供电企业可持
续发展的建议。例如，积极开展营销创新，实现需求侧管理的可持续发展:加
大技术创新的有效投入，为供电企业的可持续发展奠定坚实的基础;努力实现
管理创新，建立与企业适配的内部管理制度，并加大实施力度;提高员工素质
是实现企业可持续发展的必要保障，建立以可持续发展为导向的文化是实现企
业可持续发展的核心。
Since China carries out the policy of reform and open, the standard of evaluating the success or failure of the company changes from the scale of the company, the market position and the ability of making profits, to the ability of sustainable development of the company today. The Energy Industry is the basic industry in the national economy and its sustainable development is the important part of the sustainable development of the society and economy. Moreover, the ability of sustainable development of the power supply company is the premise and basis of realizing the sustainable development of the electricity industry. So the study of the sustainable development of the power suppJy company has the important realistic implication.
The thesis includes five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. It summarizes the conception of sustainable development and its category and development briefly. Also it takes the power supply company as its study objective. The thesis adopts the method combining the theory study with case study, the qualitative study with quantitative study. The second chapter is the study basis and theory frame. Beginning with the concept of sustainable development, it explores the implication of sustainable development of the enterprises from the angles of strategic management, environment management, institutional theory and core competence. At the same time, it reviews the method of evaluating the ability of sustainable development of the enterprises. All of discussions establish the important base for the further research.
Chapter three to five are the key sections of the study. The third chapter mainly discusses the supportive sub-systems of sustainable development of the power supply companies, including power demand side management, technology innovation and management innovation, production management and security management, human resource management and the enterprises culture. It focuses on how the supportive sub-systems influence the strategy of sustainable development of the power supply
companies. The fourth chapter establishes the evaluation index system of sustainable development of the power supply companies based on above theory study and my experiences for many years. Then through the method of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process ), I decide the weights of all index Chapter five evaluates the ability of sustainable development of Huangshi Power Supply Bureau. I make interviews with some managers and employees and review the relative documents and decide the scores of all index. Then I calculate the final result of its ability of sustainable development and I find that it has the much stronger ability of sustainable development. However, it has shortcomings in some aspects, such as internal management system, human resource management, demand side management. Based on the study, I propose the suggestions for Huangshi Power Supply Bureau. For example, it should make an effort to develop the marketing innovation and realize the sustainable development of demand side management. And it should
invest on the technology innovation effectively so as to make a stable basis for its sustainable development. Additionally it should try its best to realize the management innovation and establish the internal management system fit for the company and carry out them. Moreover, it should improve the quality of employees which is the basic guarantee of sustainable development of the company. At last, the key to sustainable development of the company is to establish the sustainable development-oriented culture.
引文
[1] 李来胜．可持续发展理论的内涵探析．山东财政学院学报，2002年第3期，10-12
[2] 张方学，杨立刚．资源与环境的可持续发展观．生态经济，2002年第10期，47-51
[3] 罗守贵，曾尊固．关于可持续发展理论与实践的若干思考．经济地利，2002年，22(1)，8-11，27
[4] 郑笑东，陈安民．可持续发展的概念及其内涵之管见．科技进步与对策，2002年，19(11)，53-54
[5] 尚卫平．可持续发展的定义及其评价指标体系．中国经济问题，2000年第1期，56-60
[6] 相玲玲．审视中国民营企业的核心能力．中外管理导报，2001年第4期，18-19
[7] 朱云梅，周生路，彭补拙．工业企业可持续发展评价指标体系初探．重庆环境科学，1999年2月，21-24
[8] Kotha, S. and Nair, A., "Strategy and environment as determinants of performance: evidence from the Japanese machine tool industry", Strategic Management Journal, 1995,Vol. 16, pp. 497-518
[9] Maxwell, J., Rothenberg, S., Briscoe, F. and Marcus, A., "Green schemes: corporate environmental strategies and their implementation", California Management Review, 1997, Vol. 39 No. 3, Spring.
[10] Kane, G.O., "Green audits bring savings", Asian Business, 1994, July, pp. 42-3.
[11] Tsai, S.H.T. and Child, J., "Strategic responses of multinational corporations to environmental demands", Journal of General Management, 1997, Vol. 23 No. 1, Autumn
[12] Shrivastava, P, "The greening of business", in Smith, D. (Chapter 2) (edited), Business and Environment: Implications of the New Environmentalism, 1993, Chapman, London
[13] Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel, G., "Strategy as a field of study: why search for a
new paradigm", Strategic Management Journal, 1994,Vol. 15, Summer, pp. 5-16
[14] Dechant, K. and Altman, B., "Environmental leadership: from compliance to competitive advantage", Academy of Management Executive, 1994,Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 7-27
[15] Thoorp, G.M., Starik, M. and Rands, G.P. "Sustainable strategy in a greening world: integrating the natural environment into strategic management", Advances in Strategic Management, 1993, Vol. 9, pp. 68-85.
[16] 王家芳，任振枝．可持续发展战略的哲学问题．北方论从，1999年第2期，1-3
[17] Brendan O'Dwyer. Business, accountancy & sustainable development. Accountacy Ireland; Dublin, Dec 2001
[18] 李竹梅．可持续发展与企业管理．山西高等学校社会科学学报，2001年5月，15-17
[19] Dinah M Payne, Cecily A Raiborn. Sustainable development: the ethics support the economics. Journal of Business Ethtics, Dordrecht, Jul 2001
[20] 许峰．企业可持续发展的伦理基础．北京科技大学学报(社会科学版)，1999年12月，89-91
[21] 刘力钢．企业可持续发展理论研究．辽宁大学学报，1999年第4期，1-4
[22] North, Douglass. Institutions, Institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990:587
[23] 洪银兴，《赢得市场》，中国青年出版社，1998年版，167
[24] 张钢，孙明波．关于组织创新研究的观点综述，科研管理，1997年7月，24-29
[25] Garrod, B. and Chadwick, P, "Environmental management and business strategy: towards a new strategic paradigm". Futures, 1996, Vol. 28 No. 1, pp. 37-48
[26] 顾一希，吴满琳．工业企业可持续发展及其评价方法的研究，上海理工大学学报，2001年第2期，13-16
[27] 刘力钢．企业持续发展论．经济管理出版社，2001年
[28] Adrián Barrera-Roldán, Américo Saldivar-Valdés, proposal and application of a sustainable development index, Ecological indicators 2 (2002): 251-256
[29] Rickard Garvare, Raine Isaksson. Sustainable development: Extending the scope of business excellence models. Measuring business excellence: Bradford 2001
[30] 曹利军．可持续发展评价理论与方法．科学出版社，1999年
[31] 朱锦绣．财务指标考核与企业可持续发展．经济师，2000年第7期，204-205
[32] Kaplan R S, Norton D P. The balanced scorecard-measures that drive performance. Harvard business review, 1992, (Jan-Feb):71-79
[33] 李新春，吴志刚．矿山企业可持续发展评价研究．煤炭经济研究，2000年第5期
[34] 刘燕娜、邢秀凤．知识管理与林业企业可持续发展．林业经济问题，2001年8月：206-209
[35] 吴志坚，何肇．韩国电力系统基础结构的演变．电力需求侧管理，2002年第5期，13-14
[36] 丁巨涛．可持续发展的技术创新战略分析．科技进步与对策，2002年6月，12-13
[37] 黄帝荣．关于企业可持续发展的思考．湖南商学院学报(双月刊)，2000年第5期，6-9
[38] 菲利普·科特勒，营销管理-分析、计划、执行和控制(第九版)，上海人民出版社，1999年
[39] 刘力钢．管理与创新是企业可持续发展的永恒主题．辽宁大学学报，1998年第6期：1-4
[40] 王有财．电力企业生产的安全性能评价．内蒙古电力技术，2000年第3期，11-12
[41] 彭国富，张玲芝．清洁生产与可持续发展的控制．中国计量出版社，2001年，9-10
[42] 李俊．电力企业文化与战略管理．中国电力企业管理，2001年9月，15-17
[43] 李云，应用数学模型．华中理工大学出版社，1993年
[44] 陈铭恩，曾令香等．知识经济时代的企业可持续发展．发展，1999年6月，40
[2] 张方学，杨立刚．资源与环境的可持续发展观．生态经济，2002年第10期，47-51
[3] 罗守贵，曾尊固．关于可持续发展理论与实践的若干思考．经济地利，2002年，22(1)，8-11，27
[4] 郑笑东，陈安民．可持续发展的概念及其内涵之管见．科技进步与对策，2002年，19(11)，53-54
[5] 尚卫平．可持续发展的定义及其评价指标体系．中国经济问题，2000年第1期，56-60
[6] 相玲玲．审视中国民营企业的核心能力．中外管理导报，2001年第4期，18-19
[7] 朱云梅，周生路，彭补拙．工业企业可持续发展评价指标体系初探．重庆环境科学，1999年2月，21-24
[8] Kotha, S. and Nair, A., "Strategy and environment as determinants of performance: evidence from the Japanese machine tool industry", Strategic Management Journal, 1995,Vol. 16, pp. 497-518
[9] Maxwell, J., Rothenberg, S., Briscoe, F. and Marcus, A., "Green schemes: corporate environmental strategies and their implementation", California Management Review, 1997, Vol. 39 No. 3, Spring.
[10] Kane, G.O., "Green audits bring savings", Asian Business, 1994, July, pp. 42-3.
[11] Tsai, S.H.T. and Child, J., "Strategic responses of multinational corporations to environmental demands", Journal of General Management, 1997, Vol. 23 No. 1, Autumn
[12] Shrivastava, P, "The greening of business", in Smith, D. (Chapter 2) (edited), Business and Environment: Implications of the New Environmentalism, 1993, Chapman, London
[13] Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel, G., "Strategy as a field of study: why search for a
new paradigm", Strategic Management Journal, 1994,Vol. 15, Summer, pp. 5-16
[14] Dechant, K. and Altman, B., "Environmental leadership: from compliance to competitive advantage", Academy of Management Executive, 1994,Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 7-27
[15] Thoorp, G.M., Starik, M. and Rands, G.P. "Sustainable strategy in a greening world: integrating the natural environment into strategic management", Advances in Strategic Management, 1993, Vol. 9, pp. 68-85.
[16] 王家芳，任振枝．可持续发展战略的哲学问题．北方论从，1999年第2期，1-3
[17] Brendan O'Dwyer. Business, accountancy & sustainable development. Accountacy Ireland; Dublin, Dec 2001
[18] 李竹梅．可持续发展与企业管理．山西高等学校社会科学学报，2001年5月，15-17
[19] Dinah M Payne, Cecily A Raiborn. Sustainable development: the ethics support the economics. Journal of Business Ethtics, Dordrecht, Jul 2001
[20] 许峰．企业可持续发展的伦理基础．北京科技大学学报(社会科学版)，1999年12月，89-91
[21] 刘力钢．企业可持续发展理论研究．辽宁大学学报，1999年第4期，1-4
[22] North, Douglass. Institutions, Institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990:587
[23] 洪银兴，《赢得市场》，中国青年出版社，1998年版，167
[24] 张钢，孙明波．关于组织创新研究的观点综述，科研管理，1997年7月，24-29
[25] Garrod, B. and Chadwick, P, "Environmental management and business strategy: towards a new strategic paradigm". Futures, 1996, Vol. 28 No. 1, pp. 37-48
[26] 顾一希，吴满琳．工业企业可持续发展及其评价方法的研究，上海理工大学学报，2001年第2期，13-16
[27] 刘力钢．企业持续发展论．经济管理出版社，2001年
[28] Adrián Barrera-Roldán, Américo Saldivar-Valdés, proposal and application of a sustainable development index, Ecological indicators 2 (2002): 251-256
[29] Rickard Garvare, Raine Isaksson. Sustainable development: Extending the scope of business excellence models. Measuring business excellence: Bradford 2001
[30] 曹利军．可持续发展评价理论与方法．科学出版社，1999年
[31] 朱锦绣．财务指标考核与企业可持续发展．经济师，2000年第7期，204-205
[32] Kaplan R S, Norton D P. The balanced scorecard-measures that drive performance. Harvard business review, 1992, (Jan-Feb):71-79
[33] 李新春，吴志刚．矿山企业可持续发展评价研究．煤炭经济研究，2000年第5期
[34] 刘燕娜、邢秀凤．知识管理与林业企业可持续发展．林业经济问题，2001年8月：206-209
[35] 吴志坚，何肇．韩国电力系统基础结构的演变．电力需求侧管理，2002年第5期，13-14
[36] 丁巨涛．可持续发展的技术创新战略分析．科技进步与对策，2002年6月，12-13
[37] 黄帝荣．关于企业可持续发展的思考．湖南商学院学报(双月刊)，2000年第5期，6-9
[38] 菲利普·科特勒，营销管理-分析、计划、执行和控制(第九版)，上海人民出版社，1999年
[39] 刘力钢．管理与创新是企业可持续发展的永恒主题．辽宁大学学报，1998年第6期：1-4
[40] 王有财．电力企业生产的安全性能评价．内蒙古电力技术，2000年第3期，11-12
[41] 彭国富，张玲芝．清洁生产与可持续发展的控制．中国计量出版社，2001年，9-10
[42] 李俊．电力企业文化与战略管理．中国电力企业管理，2001年9月，15-17
[43] 李云，应用数学模型．华中理工大学出版社，1993年
[44] 陈铭恩，曾令香等．知识经济时代的企业可持续发展．发展，1999年6月，40
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