基于温度补偿的Bragg光栅压力传感器及其信号处理研究
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摘要
光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)是近年来发展最为迅速的全光纤无源器件之一,它用于传感领域可对应力、温度、压力、加速度等外界量进行精确的检测。光纤Bragg光栅传感器具有尺寸小、重量轻、传输距离远、抗电磁干扰、耐腐蚀等优点,越来越成为当今传感领域研究的焦点。光纤Bragg光栅传感器的应用是一个方兴未艾的领域,有着非常广阔的发展前景。
本文对光纤Bragg光栅压力传感技术进行研究。主要包括:光纤光栅基本理论、光纤Bragg光栅传感原理、交叉敏感、增敏技术、温度补偿、光纤Bragg光栅信号解调等。
首先,介绍了光纤光栅传感的特点和国内外发展现状。光纤Bragg光栅的耦合模理论和光纤Bragg光栅的压力传感原理;并分析了压力、温度交叉灵敏度,交叉灵敏度分离。此外,为了克服交叉敏感的问题,我们设计了基于薄壁圆筒结构和基于平面薄板结构的光纤Bragg光栅压力传感器结构,提出了被动温度补偿和聚合物封装,目的在于增大应力测量的灵敏度,同时又解决了温度变化引起的交叉敏感问题。
然后,对常用光纤Bragg光栅传感信号解调技术进行了深入分析,并研究了一种基于FPGA的光纤布Bragg光栅传感信号解调技术。
最后我们建立了光纤Brgag光栅压力传感模型,在此基础上完成了压力敏感实验、温度敏感实验以及压力温度交叉敏感实验,研究了光纤Brgag光栅传感器的温度和压力特性,包括重复性、回程误差、线性度、精度等。
实验结果表明,采用被动温度补偿以及温度残留效应主动实时修正来进行温度去敏设计可以实现对压力的精确测量,测得压力可达到50MPa,压力灵敏度达到0.036 nm/MPa,重复性误差0.75%,回程误差1.84%,基本误差±0.89%,而且还可以实现对压力、温度的同时测量;结果也表明,通过调整传感器结构的参数,如基材和几何尺寸等,可以使该结构压力传感器满足不同的测量范围和响应度。
The fiber Bragg grating(FBG) become one of the all-fiber passive devices with the fastest developing speed in recent years,when it is used to a sensor system,it can check strain,temperature,pressure,acceleration,etc.Optic fiber grating sensor gradually Optic fiber grating sensor gradually become the research focus among the sensors because of the excellent properties such as its small size,light weight,high accuracy, immunity to EMI and high resistance to corrosive environments,and its application is a field in the ascendant,there are very wide development prospects.
The work of this paper focuses on research on fiber Bragg grating stress sensor.including the basic theory of fiber grating,principles of a fiber Bragg grating sensor,cross sensitivity,enhanced sensitivity technology,temperature compensation, signal demodulation technology for fiber Bragg grating,and so on.
Firstly,we introduced the characteristic of fiber Bragg grating and its current development trend at home and abroad,explained the theory of the fiber Bragg grating coupling model and sensing mechanism of fiber Bragg grating,analyzed the cross sensitivity of temperature in fiber Bragg grating pressure sensing and method of severing cross sensitivity.further more,to overcome the cross sensitivity problem,we have designed Optical fiber Bragg grating stress sensors based on thin-walled cylinder structure and plane sheet structure,proposed the passive temperature-compensating and Polymer package technique,by this means,we have not only solved the cross sensitivity problem caused the temperature changing but also increased the stress sensitivity of stress measurement.
Secondly,we analyse commonly used demodulation technique for fiber Bragg grating,a new demodulation technique for fiber Bragg grating based on FPGA is presented.
Finally,we setup stress sensing model of fiber Brgag grating,and completed the pressure-sensitive experiments,temperature-sensitive experiments,as well as cross-sensitive to pressure and temperature experiments,researched the fiber Brgag grating characteristics of temperature and stress,including repeatability,hysteresis error,linearity,accuracy.
The experimental results indicated that the use of passive temperature compensation as well as real-time temperature of residual effect of the initiative amendment to the temperature sensitivity can achieved the accurate measurement of pressure,pressure measured up to 50 MPa,the pressure sensitivity to achieve 0.036 nm/MPa,repeatability error is 0.75%,hysteresis error is 1.84%,and the basic error is±0.89%,But also can be achieved on the pressure,temperature measurements at the same time.The result also show that this structure FBG pressure sensor can meet the measurements of different range and sensitivity by changing the structure of parameters,such as substrate material,geometry size.
本文对光纤Bragg光栅压力传感技术进行研究。主要包括:光纤光栅基本理论、光纤Bragg光栅传感原理、交叉敏感、增敏技术、温度补偿、光纤Bragg光栅信号解调等。
首先,介绍了光纤光栅传感的特点和国内外发展现状。光纤Bragg光栅的耦合模理论和光纤Bragg光栅的压力传感原理;并分析了压力、温度交叉灵敏度,交叉灵敏度分离。此外,为了克服交叉敏感的问题,我们设计了基于薄壁圆筒结构和基于平面薄板结构的光纤Bragg光栅压力传感器结构,提出了被动温度补偿和聚合物封装,目的在于增大应力测量的灵敏度,同时又解决了温度变化引起的交叉敏感问题。
然后,对常用光纤Bragg光栅传感信号解调技术进行了深入分析,并研究了一种基于FPGA的光纤布Bragg光栅传感信号解调技术。
最后我们建立了光纤Brgag光栅压力传感模型,在此基础上完成了压力敏感实验、温度敏感实验以及压力温度交叉敏感实验,研究了光纤Brgag光栅传感器的温度和压力特性,包括重复性、回程误差、线性度、精度等。
实验结果表明,采用被动温度补偿以及温度残留效应主动实时修正来进行温度去敏设计可以实现对压力的精确测量,测得压力可达到50MPa,压力灵敏度达到0.036 nm/MPa,重复性误差0.75%,回程误差1.84%,基本误差±0.89%,而且还可以实现对压力、温度的同时测量;结果也表明,通过调整传感器结构的参数,如基材和几何尺寸等,可以使该结构压力传感器满足不同的测量范围和响应度。
The fiber Bragg grating(FBG) become one of the all-fiber passive devices with the fastest developing speed in recent years,when it is used to a sensor system,it can check strain,temperature,pressure,acceleration,etc.Optic fiber grating sensor gradually Optic fiber grating sensor gradually become the research focus among the sensors because of the excellent properties such as its small size,light weight,high accuracy, immunity to EMI and high resistance to corrosive environments,and its application is a field in the ascendant,there are very wide development prospects.
The work of this paper focuses on research on fiber Bragg grating stress sensor.including the basic theory of fiber grating,principles of a fiber Bragg grating sensor,cross sensitivity,enhanced sensitivity technology,temperature compensation, signal demodulation technology for fiber Bragg grating,and so on.
Firstly,we introduced the characteristic of fiber Bragg grating and its current development trend at home and abroad,explained the theory of the fiber Bragg grating coupling model and sensing mechanism of fiber Bragg grating,analyzed the cross sensitivity of temperature in fiber Bragg grating pressure sensing and method of severing cross sensitivity.further more,to overcome the cross sensitivity problem,we have designed Optical fiber Bragg grating stress sensors based on thin-walled cylinder structure and plane sheet structure,proposed the passive temperature-compensating and Polymer package technique,by this means,we have not only solved the cross sensitivity problem caused the temperature changing but also increased the stress sensitivity of stress measurement.
Secondly,we analyse commonly used demodulation technique for fiber Bragg grating,a new demodulation technique for fiber Bragg grating based on FPGA is presented.
Finally,we setup stress sensing model of fiber Brgag grating,and completed the pressure-sensitive experiments,temperature-sensitive experiments,as well as cross-sensitive to pressure and temperature experiments,researched the fiber Brgag grating characteristics of temperature and stress,including repeatability,hysteresis error,linearity,accuracy.
The experimental results indicated that the use of passive temperature compensation as well as real-time temperature of residual effect of the initiative amendment to the temperature sensitivity can achieved the accurate measurement of pressure,pressure measured up to 50 MPa,the pressure sensitivity to achieve 0.036 nm/MPa,repeatability error is 0.75%,hysteresis error is 1.84%,and the basic error is±0.89%,But also can be achieved on the pressure,temperature measurements at the same time.The result also show that this structure FBG pressure sensor can meet the measurements of different range and sensitivity by changing the structure of parameters,such as substrate material,geometry size.
引文
[1]姜德生,何伟.光纤光栅传感器应用概况.光电子·激光,2002.(4):420-422
[2]Swee Chuan Tjin,Jianzhong Hao,Yu2Zhi Lam,et al.Apressure sensor using Fiber Bragg Grating,Fiber and Integrated Optics,2001,20(1):59-69
[3]申人升,于永森,张金等.薄壁应变筒式光纤光栅压力传感器的研究.光电子·激光2008.(11):3341-4341
[4]YANMing,LUO Shou yu,ZHANLi,et al.Triple-wavelength switchable Erbium-doped fiber laser with cascaded asymmetric exposure long period fiber gratings[J].Optics Express,2007,15(7):3685-3691
[5]S Erlandsen,G Void,G D Markin.World's first multiple fiber-optic intelligent well.World Oil,2003.10(1):29-32.
[6]K.O.Hill,Y.Fujii,D.C.Johnson,et al.Photosensitivity in Optical Fiber Wave guides:Application to Reflection Filter Fabrication.Applied Physics Letters,1978.32:647-649
[7]SHAO Jun,LIU Jun hua,QIAO Xue guang,et al.A FBG pressure sensor based on bourdon and cantilever beam of uniform strength[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser(光电子·激光) 2006,17(7):807-809.(in Chinese)
[8]YU Xiujuan,YU You long,et al.Strain and temperature sensing characteristics of FBG packaged by the titanium alloy slice[J].Journal of ptoelectronics·Laser(光电子·激光),2006.17(5):564-567.(in Chinese)
[9]余有龙,谭华耀.有源波、空分复用光纤光栅传感网络.中国激光,2002.29(2):131-134.
[10]A D Kersey,M A Davis,H J Partrick,et al.Fiber grating sensors.Lightwave Technol,1997.15(8):1442-1463.
[11]廖延彪.光纤光学.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[12]Zhao yong,Liao yanbiao.Discrimination methods and demodulation techniques for fiber Bragg grating sensors.Optics and Lasers in Engineering.2004,41:1-18.
[13]廖帮全,赵启大,冯德军,等.光纤耦合模理论及其在光纤布拉格光栅上的应用.光学学报,2002.22(11):1340-1344
[14]陈伟民,江毅.光纤布拉格光栅应变传感技术[J].光通信技术.1995.19(3):249-252.
[15]江毅,陈伟民,杨礼成,等.光纤光栅用于压力温度传感初探.传感技术学报,1997.10(3):43-47
[16]宋利娜.光纤Bragg光栅温度压力传感技术研究:[硕士学位论文].西北大学,2008.16-18
[17]周智.土木工程结构光纤光栅智能传感元件及其监测系统:[博士学位论文].哈尔滨工业大学,2003.25-72
[18]杨建良.表面贴装光纤布喇格光栅压力传感器.光通信技术,1996.20:170-173
[19]郭玉彬,葛磺.光纤Bragg光栅的研究.光学精密工程,1999.7(1):31-38
[20]闻琛阳.光纤光栅压力传感器实验研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉理工大学,2007.16-17
[21]郑史烈,李静,等.可同时测量温度和压力的高灵敏度光纤光栅传感器.光学仪器2008.5:57～58.
[22]M.G.Xu,et al.Thermally-compensated banding gauge using surface mounted fiber gratings.International Journal of optoelectronics,1994.9:281-283
[23]T.Iwashima et aI.Temperature compensation technique for fiber Bragg grating using liquid crystalline polymer tubes.Electronics letters,1997.33(5):417-419
[24]GW.Yoffe,Peter A.Krug,F Quellette,et al.Passive temperature compensating package for optical fiber gratings.Applied optics,1995.34(30):6859-6861
[25]G.Xu,et al.Temperate-independent strain sensor using a chirped Bragg grating in a tapered optical fiber.Electronics Letters,1995.Vol.31:823-825
[26]M.G.Xu,J.L.Archambault,L.Reekei,et al.Discrimination between strain and temperature effects using dual-wave length fiber grating sensors.Electronics letters,1994.30(13):1085-1087
[27]S.W.James,M.L.Dockney,R.P.Tutam.Simultaneous independent temperature and strain measurement using in-fiber Bragg grating sensors.Electronics Letters,1996.32(12):1133-1134
[28]P.Sivanesan,J.Sirkis,H.Singh.Simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain using a single Bragg grating.SPIE,Vol.3670,1999:92-103
[29]C.M.Lawrence,D.V.Nelson.Multi-parameter sensing with fiber Bragg grating.SPIE,Vol.2872,96:24-31
[30]S.E.Kanellopoulos,V.A.Handerek,A.J.Rogers.Simultaneous strain and temperature sensing with photo generated in-fiber gratings.optics letters,1995.20(3):333-335
[31]王俊杰,姜德生,梁宇飞等.差动式光纤Bragg光栅土压计及其温度特性的研究.光电子·激光,2007.18(4):389-391
[32]Yang Jian,Zhao Yong.emperature-compensated high pressure FBG sensor with a bulk-modulus and self-demodulation method.Sensor and Actuator,2005.A 118:254-258
[33]王俊杰,刘波等.非接触磁耦合光纤光栅位移传感器.纳米技术与精密工程,2008年11月:469-471
[34]刘云启,郭转运,等.聚合物封装的高灵敏度光纤光栅压力传感器.中国激光,2000.27(3):211-213
[35]Yoffe G W,Krug PA,Ouellette F,et al.Passive temperature compensating paekage for optical fiber gratings.Applied Optics,1995.34(30):6859-6861
[36]刘永红.温度不敏感光栅.中国激光,1997.A 24(10):895-898
[37]单辉祖.材料力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2004:286-287.
[38]G.W.Yoffe,Peter A.Krug.Passive temperature compensating package for optical fiber gratings.Applied Optics,1995.34(30):6859-6861
[39]王俊杰,张丰涛,刘波,等.带温度补偿基于薄壁圆筒结构的光纤光栅压力传感器.纳米技术与精密工程,2009.(5):216-220
[40]王瑜,乔学光,等.光纤光栅传感系统信号解调新技术研究.电光与控制,2008.(2):68-98.
[41]李靖,刘微,等.光纤布拉格光栅传感器解调系统.红外,第29卷,2008第1期:37-39
[42]汤少唯.基于FPGA控制的高速数据采集系统设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007:10-15
[43]康华光.电子技术基础 模拟部分(第四版).北京:高等教育出版社,1998:355-356
[44]褚振勇,翁木云.FPGA设计及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002:22-23
[45]许新民,郭春山,等.标准号:JJG 860-94.压力传感器(静态)[S].北京:中国计量出版社:149-160.
[2]Swee Chuan Tjin,Jianzhong Hao,Yu2Zhi Lam,et al.Apressure sensor using Fiber Bragg Grating,Fiber and Integrated Optics,2001,20(1):59-69
[3]申人升,于永森,张金等.薄壁应变筒式光纤光栅压力传感器的研究.光电子·激光2008.(11):3341-4341
[4]YANMing,LUO Shou yu,ZHANLi,et al.Triple-wavelength switchable Erbium-doped fiber laser with cascaded asymmetric exposure long period fiber gratings[J].Optics Express,2007,15(7):3685-3691
[5]S Erlandsen,G Void,G D Markin.World's first multiple fiber-optic intelligent well.World Oil,2003.10(1):29-32.
[6]K.O.Hill,Y.Fujii,D.C.Johnson,et al.Photosensitivity in Optical Fiber Wave guides:Application to Reflection Filter Fabrication.Applied Physics Letters,1978.32:647-649
[7]SHAO Jun,LIU Jun hua,QIAO Xue guang,et al.A FBG pressure sensor based on bourdon and cantilever beam of uniform strength[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser(光电子·激光) 2006,17(7):807-809.(in Chinese)
[8]YU Xiujuan,YU You long,et al.Strain and temperature sensing characteristics of FBG packaged by the titanium alloy slice[J].Journal of ptoelectronics·Laser(光电子·激光),2006.17(5):564-567.(in Chinese)
[9]余有龙,谭华耀.有源波、空分复用光纤光栅传感网络.中国激光,2002.29(2):131-134.
[10]A D Kersey,M A Davis,H J Partrick,et al.Fiber grating sensors.Lightwave Technol,1997.15(8):1442-1463.
[11]廖延彪.光纤光学.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[12]Zhao yong,Liao yanbiao.Discrimination methods and demodulation techniques for fiber Bragg grating sensors.Optics and Lasers in Engineering.2004,41:1-18.
[13]廖帮全,赵启大,冯德军,等.光纤耦合模理论及其在光纤布拉格光栅上的应用.光学学报,2002.22(11):1340-1344
[14]陈伟民,江毅.光纤布拉格光栅应变传感技术[J].光通信技术.1995.19(3):249-252.
[15]江毅,陈伟民,杨礼成,等.光纤光栅用于压力温度传感初探.传感技术学报,1997.10(3):43-47
[16]宋利娜.光纤Bragg光栅温度压力传感技术研究:[硕士学位论文].西北大学,2008.16-18
[17]周智.土木工程结构光纤光栅智能传感元件及其监测系统:[博士学位论文].哈尔滨工业大学,2003.25-72
[18]杨建良.表面贴装光纤布喇格光栅压力传感器.光通信技术,1996.20:170-173
[19]郭玉彬,葛磺.光纤Bragg光栅的研究.光学精密工程,1999.7(1):31-38
[20]闻琛阳.光纤光栅压力传感器实验研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉理工大学,2007.16-17
[21]郑史烈,李静,等.可同时测量温度和压力的高灵敏度光纤光栅传感器.光学仪器2008.5:57～58.
[22]M.G.Xu,et al.Thermally-compensated banding gauge using surface mounted fiber gratings.International Journal of optoelectronics,1994.9:281-283
[23]T.Iwashima et aI.Temperature compensation technique for fiber Bragg grating using liquid crystalline polymer tubes.Electronics letters,1997.33(5):417-419
[24]GW.Yoffe,Peter A.Krug,F Quellette,et al.Passive temperature compensating package for optical fiber gratings.Applied optics,1995.34(30):6859-6861
[25]G.Xu,et al.Temperate-independent strain sensor using a chirped Bragg grating in a tapered optical fiber.Electronics Letters,1995.Vol.31:823-825
[26]M.G.Xu,J.L.Archambault,L.Reekei,et al.Discrimination between strain and temperature effects using dual-wave length fiber grating sensors.Electronics letters,1994.30(13):1085-1087
[27]S.W.James,M.L.Dockney,R.P.Tutam.Simultaneous independent temperature and strain measurement using in-fiber Bragg grating sensors.Electronics Letters,1996.32(12):1133-1134
[28]P.Sivanesan,J.Sirkis,H.Singh.Simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain using a single Bragg grating.SPIE,Vol.3670,1999:92-103
[29]C.M.Lawrence,D.V.Nelson.Multi-parameter sensing with fiber Bragg grating.SPIE,Vol.2872,96:24-31
[30]S.E.Kanellopoulos,V.A.Handerek,A.J.Rogers.Simultaneous strain and temperature sensing with photo generated in-fiber gratings.optics letters,1995.20(3):333-335
[31]王俊杰,姜德生,梁宇飞等.差动式光纤Bragg光栅土压计及其温度特性的研究.光电子·激光,2007.18(4):389-391
[32]Yang Jian,Zhao Yong.emperature-compensated high pressure FBG sensor with a bulk-modulus and self-demodulation method.Sensor and Actuator,2005.A 118:254-258
[33]王俊杰,刘波等.非接触磁耦合光纤光栅位移传感器.纳米技术与精密工程,2008年11月:469-471
[34]刘云启,郭转运,等.聚合物封装的高灵敏度光纤光栅压力传感器.中国激光,2000.27(3):211-213
[35]Yoffe G W,Krug PA,Ouellette F,et al.Passive temperature compensating paekage for optical fiber gratings.Applied Optics,1995.34(30):6859-6861
[36]刘永红.温度不敏感光栅.中国激光,1997.A 24(10):895-898
[37]单辉祖.材料力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2004:286-287.
[38]G.W.Yoffe,Peter A.Krug.Passive temperature compensating package for optical fiber gratings.Applied Optics,1995.34(30):6859-6861
[39]王俊杰,张丰涛,刘波,等.带温度补偿基于薄壁圆筒结构的光纤光栅压力传感器.纳米技术与精密工程,2009.(5):216-220
[40]王瑜,乔学光,等.光纤光栅传感系统信号解调新技术研究.电光与控制,2008.(2):68-98.
[41]李靖,刘微,等.光纤布拉格光栅传感器解调系统.红外,第29卷,2008第1期:37-39
[42]汤少唯.基于FPGA控制的高速数据采集系统设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007:10-15
[43]康华光.电子技术基础 模拟部分(第四版).北京:高等教育出版社,1998:355-356
[44]褚振勇,翁木云.FPGA设计及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002:22-23
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