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蒙药森登-4汤药效物质基础研究
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摘要
蒙药森登-4汤出自于吉格木德丹金扎木苏编著的《观者之喜》的抗风湿经典名方,被收载于中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准(1998版,蒙药分册)。该成药由文冠木、川楝子、栀子和诃子四味药组成。多年来,蒙医临床经验证明该药具有良好的抗风湿作用。本文对其药效物质基础进行了研究。
     对森登-4汤的提取溶剂进行了优化,选择二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀反应和醋酸致小鼠扭体反应两个模型分别作为抗炎和镇痛药理指标,考察了森登-4汤的水、35%、55%、75%和95%乙醇五种提取溶剂提取物的药效,结果表明95%乙醇提取物的药效最好,抗炎和镇痛抑制率分别达到60%和44.1%。
     利用正交试验设计,对森登-4汤进行拆方研究,探讨森登-4汤配伍机制。选择L16(45)正交表,以森登-4汤中4味药为因素,分别选取原方药量的0、0.5、1、2倍量构成4个水平。对所得16个处方分别进行药理实验;采用直观分析、方差分析和逐步回归分析,将所得药理数据和处方组成相关联,探讨其配伍机制。结果确证了方中以文冠木为君药、川楝子为臣药、栀子为佐药和诃子为使药的配伍关系。
     利用RP-HPLC梯度洗脱方法,对16个处方进行了分析,共得到32个色谱峰。将药理数据和各色谱指纹峰峰面积相关联,通过逐步回归分析方法处理,共有15个色谱峰被引入到回归方程。表明这15个色谱峰所代表的化学成分对其药效有显著作用,确定为森登-4汤的药效物质基础。并选择其中的三种物质作为森登-4汤的质量控制指标。
     对森登-4汤的提取工艺进行了优化研究。选取浸膏得率、槲皮素含量、栀子苷含量和没食子酸含量四个指标,对溶剂量、提取时间、提取次数三个因素进行考察,确定森登-4汤最佳提取工艺为:以10倍量的95%乙醇提取3次,每次1h。
     采用RP-HPLC对森登-4汤中槲皮素、栀子苷和没食子酸进行了定量分析。栀子苷的测定条件为:Hypersil C_(l8) ODS(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈:水(13.5∶86.5,v/v),流速为0.8 ml.min~(-1),检测波长238nm。栀子苷的线性范围为13.25~66.25μg/mL,r=0.9996;平均回收率为97.1%,RSD为1.7%(n=9)。槲皮素的测定条件为:Century SIL C_(18)BDS(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇∶水∶磷酸(60∶40∶0.02,v/v),流速为0.8 ml.min~(-1),检测波长360nm;槲皮素的线性范围为27~135μg/mL,r=0.9993;槲皮素平均回收率为96.9%,RSD为1.8%(n=9)。没食子酸的测定条件为:Century SIL C_(18)BDS(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈:水∶磷酸(5∶95∶0.02,v/v),流速为0.80 ml.min~(-1),检测波长272nm。没食子酸的线性范围为22~110μg/mL,r=0.9991,平均回收率为98.7%,RSD为3.0%(n=9)。所建立的含量测定方法简便、快速,并具有较高的准确度和精密度,为森登-4汤的质量控制提供定量依据。
     建立了大鼠血浆中栀子苷、芦丁和槲皮素RP-HPLC测定方法。其中栀子苷的分析方法为:以芍药苷为内标,血浆样品经乙腈萃取后取上清液,氮气吹干,甲醇定容后分析。使用Hypersil C_(18) ODS色谱柱,所采用流动相为乙腈:水(12:88,v/v):流速0.8 mL·min~(-1);检测波长238 nm。结果表明,栀子苷在0.0848~7.42μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9985);低、中、高浓度的栀子苷的日内、日间精密度均小于9.0%。回收率高于87.1%。芦丁和槲皮素的同时分析方法为:以香兰素为内标,血浆样品经甲醇-乙酸(9:1)萃取后取上清液,氮气吹干,甲醇定容后分析。使用Century SIL C_(18)BDS色谱柱,所采用流动相为甲醇:水:磷酸(47:53:0.02,v/v);流速0.8 mL·min~(-1);检测波长360 nm。结果表明,芦丁在0.068~8.60μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9969):槲皮素在0.052~13μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9968):低、中、高浓度的芦丁日内、日间精密度分别小于9.9%和13.2%。低、中、高浓度的槲皮素日内、日间精密度分别小于12.2%和14.4%。芦丁和槲皮素的回收率分别高于84.8%和85.1%。
     研究了大鼠口服森登-4汤后栀子苷、芦丁和槲皮素的药物动力学行为,结果表明栀子苷、芦丁和槲皮素的T_(max)分别为1.013±0.184 h、7.0±0.75 h和7.0±0.63 h:C_(max)分别为3.342±0.1689μg·mL~(-1)、15.49±0.861μg·mL~(-1)和10.65±0.658μg·mL~(-1)。AUC_(0~t)分别为4.65±1.51μg·h·L~(-1)、128.6±10.99μg·h·L~(-1)、96.67±0.658μg·h·L~(-1);AUC_(0~∞)别为4.753±0.1505μg·h·L~(-1)、121.6±12.53μg·h·L~(-1)和83.6±5.32μg·h·L~(-1);MR厂分别为1.389±0.195 h、8.819±0.3722 h和9.702±0.8778h。
     本研究在蒙医药学理论和实践的指导下,将蒙药学、分析化学、药理学、药物动力学、化学统计学和计算机技术相结合,对传统蒙药复方森登-4汤进行了现代化研究,为复方蒙药的药效物质基础研究方法进行了有意义的探索。
Sendeng-4 decoction, was first recorded in guan-zhe-zhi-xi which was written by Jigemude-danjinzhamusu, a well-known traditional Mongolian medicinal (TMM) preparation, has been included in the Drug Standard of Ministry of Public Health of the People's Republic of China (Mongolian Drugs Fascicule, 1998 edition). The decoction is prepared by boiling Wenguanmu, Chuanlianzi, Zhizi and Hezi. In the clinical practice of TMM science, the decoction has been used to tread dampness over a very long period of time and produced quite a favorable effects. The therapeutic material basis of Sendeng-4 Decoction was studied in this paper.
     The extraction solvent of Sendeng-4 Decoction was optimized. Two models of Xylene induced mouse ear edema and acetic acid induced writhing were selected as the models to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the decoction respectively. Five solvents of water, 35%, 55%, 75% and 95% ethanol were investigated. The extracting yielded with 95% ethanol had the best anti-inflammatory and analgesic results, the anti-inflammatory inhibition rate was 60% and analgesic inhibition rate was 44.1%.
     The compatibility of Sendeng-4 Decoction was investigated using orthogonal design. The four herbs of Wenguanmu, Chuanlianzi, Zhizi and Hezi were selected as 4 factors and 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 folds of the original prescription amounts were selected as 4 levels. L_(16)(4~5) orthogonal array was utilized. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were selected as pharmacological indices to evaluate the 16 combinations of Sendeng-4 Decoction. The results were processed with intuitionistic analysis, analysis of variance and stepwise regression analysis. The compatibility of Sendeng-4 Decoction was found to be precise and reasonable. It was suggested Wenguanmu as monarchic, Chuanlianzi as ministerial, Zhizi as assistant and Hezi as guide drug respectively, which was consistent with the traditional interpretation.
     A gradient elution RP-HPLC method was developed for the analysis of 16 combinations of Sendeng-4 Decoction. 32 chromatographic peaks were detected. By the stepwise regression analysis between the biological information and chemical information, 15 peaks were introduced in the regression equation, which were suggested to be the main constituents that could impact the pharmacological results remarkably and were considered as the therapeutic material basis of Sendeng-4 Decoction, and 3 compounds among them were selected as the quality control indices of Sendeng-4 decoction.
     The extraction process of Sendeng-4 Decoction was optimized by orthogonal design. The three factors of amount of solvent, extraction time and times of extraction were investigated at three levels by the four indices of extraction yield, content of geniposide content of quercetin, and content of gallic acid . The optimized extraction process was 3 times of extraction for 1 h each time and the extraction solvent was 10 folds of the amounts of material.
     RP-HPLC methods were developed for the determination of geniposide, quercetin, and gallic acid in Sendeng-4 Decoction. Hypersil C_(18) ODS column was used and the detection wavelength was 238nm. Geniposide was analyzed with acetonitrile-water(l3.5:86.5, v/v) as mobile phase. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 13.25~66.25μg·mL~(-1) and the correlation coefficient was 0.9996 with recovery 97.1% (RSD=1.7%) . Quercetin was analyzed on Century SIL C_(18) BDS column with methanol-water-H_3PO_4 (60:40 :0.02, v/v) as mobile phase. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 27~137μg·mL~(-1) and the correlation coefficient was 0.9993 with recovery 96.9%, (RSD=1.8%) . Gallic acid was analyzed with acetonitrile-water- H_3PO_4 (5:95:0.02, v/v) as mobile phase. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 22~110μg·mL~(-1) and the correlation coefficient was 0.9991 with recovery 98.7% (RSD =3.0%) . The methods were simple and accurate and could be used as the quality control methods of Sendeng-4 Decoction.
     RP-HPLC methods were developed to determine the concentration of geniposide,rutin and quercetin in rat plasma. Separation of geniposide was accomplished on a reversed-phase ODS C_(18) column (250×4.6mm-i.d. 5μm particles) and mobile phase of acetronitrile-water (12:88, v/v) with UV detection at 238 nm. Paeoniflorin was used as the internal standard (IS). The calibration plot was linear over the range 0.0848-7.42μg·mL~(-1). The lower limit of quantification was 0.0848μg·mL~(-1). The intra-day precision better than 11.4% and inter-day precision better than 9.3%. Mean extraction recovery was determined to be 87.1%. Plasma samples of rutin and quercetin taken from rats were pretreated by protein precipitation with methyl- acetic acid (9:1,v/v). HPLC analysis of the extracts is performed on a hypersil BDS C_(18) analytical column using methyl-water-phosphoric acid (47:53 :0.02,v/v) as mobile phase with UV detector at 360nm. Vanallic aldehyde was used as the internal standard (IS).The linear range of the calibration curves were 0.068-8.60μg·mL~(-1) (r~2=0.997) for rutin and 0.052-13.0μg·mL~(-1) (r~2=0.996) for quercetin respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions better than 13.2% for rutin and better than 14.4% for quercetin , respectively.The lower limit of quantification was 0.068μg·mL~(-1) for rutin and 0.052μg·mL~(-1) for quercetin. Mean extraction recovery was determined to be 84.8% for Rutin and 85.1% for Quercetin.
     The pharmacokinetic behavior of geniposide ,rutin and quercetin was investigated after rats were orally treated with Sendeng-4 Decoction. After Sendeng-4 Decoction was orally treated, the T_(max) of geniposide ,rutin and quercetin were 1.013±0.184 h、7.0±0.75 h, and 7.0±0.63 h respectively. The C_(max) were 3.342±0.1689μg·mL~(-1),15.49±0.861μg·mL~(-1) ,and 10.65±0.658μg·mL~(-1) respectively.AUC_(0~t) of geniposide ,rutin and quercetin were 4.65±1.51μg·mL~(-1),128.6±10.99μg·mL~(-1), and 96.67±0.658μg·mL~(-1) respectively, AUC_(0~∞) were 4.753±0.1505μg·mL~(-1), 121.6±12.53μg·mL~(-1), and 83.6±5.32μg·mL~(-1) respectively, and MRT were 1.389±0.195h, 8.819±0.3722h, and 9.702±0.8778h respectively.
     Under the direction of the theory and clinical practice of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, utilizing the technique of Mongolian material medica science, analytical chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and chemometrics, the therapeutic material basis of Sendeng-4 Decoction was studied in the present paper. This work provided an exploration for the therapeutic material basis research of Traditional Mongolian Medicine.
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