螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统脱氮除磷试验研究
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摘要
试验在课题组前期研究的基础上,采用螺旋升流式反应器实现UCT工艺的处理单元,考察了螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统中同时硝化反硝化、反硝化除磷现象,对影响系统脱氮除磷效果的因素进行试验研究;确定脱氮除磷的最佳运行条件;对系统中的活性污泥进行研究;分析了SRT、C/N、C/P对系统生物脱氮除磷的影响,并结合螺旋升流流态特性进行分析;同时,从系统的好氧反应器中分离、筛选出好氧反硝化菌和聚磷菌并进行鉴定。论文的主要成果简述如下:
①螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统对COD、总氮和总磷都有较高的去除率,出水COD为6～24mg/L,总磷为0.01～0.41mg/L,总氮为2.57～11.52mg/L。厌氧反应器内去除的COD约占总去除量的87%。在好氧反应器中有同时硝化反硝化现象,在缺氧反应器中有明显的反硝化除磷现象。
②螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统活性污泥的沉降性能良好,SVI值介于50～150mL/g,由于螺旋升流流态的推流特征,反应器内易形成颗粒污泥,颗粒直径多在0.7mm～0.9mm之间,属于小颗粒污泥;污泥活性(MLVSS/MLSS)均在0.75以上。活性污泥的比好氧速率SOUR的平均值为31.8mg/(g·h),比硝化速率SNR约为1.95mg/(g·h),比厌氧释磷速率SPRR30为26.82mg/(g·h),比好氧吸磷速率ASPUR为6.04mg/(g·h),比缺氧吸磷速率NSPUR为4.27mg/(g·h),活性污泥对氮、磷有较好的去除能力。此外,污泥产率系数约为0.60,比传统活性污泥法要小15%左右。活性污泥中生物相丰富,其中以固着型纤毛虫为主,其次还有游泳型纤毛虫和轮虫、线虫等后生动物。
③螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统活性污泥的有机物去除能力对进水COD、C/N和C/P都有较大的抗冲击能力。进水C/N对系统脱氮效果有一定影响,在持续性高COD进水时,系统的脱氮效果大幅度降低。较高的SRT有利于硝化菌的增殖而使SND和脱氮效果都有所加强,但SRT大于25天后,污泥老化严重,使脱氮效率有所下降。除磷效果对进水COD的耐冲击负荷较高,受进水C/N的影响也较小。在进水C/P较低时,系统因不能及时将厌氧释放的磷和进水中的磷吸收而使除磷率偏低;在C/P较高时,由于进水磷浓度较低,限制了微生物的正常生命活动,使厌氧释磷和好氧吸磷量都有所下降。此外,除磷效果对SRT也有一定的耐冲击能力。
螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统在经过72小时的停运之后恢复运行,一周内氮磷的去除基本恢复至停运前的处理水平。根据分析,螺旋升流式反应器独特的结构特征和流态特点是系统内颗粒污泥形成及运行高效稳定的根本原因。
④试验通过分离纯化和筛选得到两株具有良好好氧反硝化效果的菌株,经过16SrDNA测序确定分别属于Rhodococcus.sp(红球菌属)和Gordonia.sp(戈登氏菌属)。经过四天好氧反硝化,两菌株总氮去除率达61.2%和58.7%,且都有较高的氧耐受浓度和较宽的温度适应范围。
⑤针对系统中的反硝化吸磷现象进行了试验研究,发现提高厌氧阶段时水中COD浓度而使厌氧释磷量增加,并未对反硝化吸磷带来增加,并不能将厌氧阶段释放的磷完全吸收;通过对厌氧释磷量与COD消耗量的数据进行线性模拟,得到比例常数KΔP/ΔCOD为0.21;在超量投加硝酸盐的情况下并未带来缺氧吸磷速率和吸磷量的大幅提升;缺氧条件下COD的存在不利于反硝化除磷而有利于反硝化脱氮;在同样的反应时间内,缺氧吸磷尚达不到将厌氧阶段释放的磷完全吸收,而好氧吸磷却可以实现超量吸磷。
⑥通过分离纯化和筛选得到四株对总磷有较好去除效果的菌株,在24小时内对总磷的去除率分别为:26.68%、46.11%、40.78%和37.46%。对其中吸磷效果最好的菌株进行16SrDNA测序,结果显示该菌属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为枯草芽孢杆菌。
⑦通过回归分析,得出SRT、C/N和C/P对SUFR-UCT系统TN去除率、TP去除率、硝化速率、反硝化速率、释磷速率和吸磷速率的拟合方程,并验证了该方程有较好的显著性、拟合度和准确性;得到TN去除率最优时SRT、C/N和C/P约为25d、25和70;TP去除率最优时SRT、C/N和C/P分别为17d、8、80;硝化速率、释磷吸磷速率最优时SRT、C/N和C/P均分别为8d、5和100;反硝化速率最优时SRT、C/N和C/P均分别为30、25和100。
⑧建立系统物料平衡方程,计算得出在不同进水水质条件下对氮磷去除的动力学模式。验证该动力学模式进行,结果预测值与实测值较吻合,证明此动力学模式对螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统运行状况有较好的预测能力。
On the basis of preliminary studies, spiral up flow technology was combined with the UCT process to study the phenomenon of SND and denitrifying phosphorus removal, the factors affecting nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the best conditions for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The activated sludge were studied too. Aerobic denitrifies and phosphorus accumulating bacteria were isolated selected and identified. Detailed work and major conclusion are as follows:
①The SUFR -UCT system based on spiral up flow could obtain high removal efficiency of phosphorus COD and nitrogen. The effluent concentration of COD was in the rage of 6~24mg/L, the effluent concentration of phosphorus was in the rage of 0.01~0.41mg/L, the effluent concentration of nitrogen was in the rage of 2.57~11.52mg/L. The COD were removed in the anaerobic reactor 87% of the total. There were phenomenon of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in the aerobic reactor and phenomenon of denitrifying phosphorus removal in the anoxic reactor.
②The settlement of activated sludge was good in SUFR-UCT system based on spiral up flow. The SVI was in the rage of 50~150mL/g. The plug-flow characteristics of spiral up flow within the reactor was easy to form granular sludge, the sludge particle size was in the rage of 0.7~0.9mm, MLVSS/MLSS was above 0.75. The average of SOUR was 31.8 mg/(g?h), the SNR was about 1.95mg/(g·h), the SPRR30 was26.82mg/(g·h), The ASPUR was 6.04mg/(g·h), The NSPUR was 4.27mg/(g·h), The activated sludge had a good ability to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, the sludge yield coefficient of SUFR-UCT system was about 0.60 which was 15% lower the traditional. There were rich activated sludge biological phases, of which the sessile ciliates were the major and still some swimming ciliates or rotifers, nematodes and other metazoans.
③The organic removal had a greater impact resistance on the COD, C/N and C/P. The denitrification significantly reduced with persistent high COD. Influent C/N also had some impacts on the nitrogen removal. Higher SRT was conducive to the proliferation of nitrifying bacteria and the SND and nitrogen removal had been strengthened. But sludge aging serious and the nitrogen removal decreased when the SRT was more than 25 days. The phosphorus removal had a higher resistance to influent COD and C/N. When the influent C/P is low, the phosphorus removal rate was lower because it can not absorb the phosphorus in time. When the C/P was high, anaerobic phosphorus release and aerobic phosphorus uptake had declined because the lower influent P limited the normal life activities of microorganisms. In addition, phosphorus removal also had a certain impact resistance capacity on SRT.
The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus returned to the level of before within a week after 72 hours’outage. According to the analysis, the unique structure and flow characteristics of spiral up-flow reactor were the root cause of the formation of granular sludge within the system.
④After the isolation, purification, screening, selected and sequencing 16SrDNA, the two strains belonged Rhodococcus.sp and Gordonia.sp. The nitrogen removal rate of the two strains were 61.2% and 58.7% after four days’aerobic denitrification. In addition, the two strains had higher concentrations of oxygen tolerance and a wide range of temperature adaptation.
⑤The phenomenon of denitrifying phosphorus uptake were studied, it was found that denitrifying phosphorus was not increased when increasing the anaerobic phosphorus release. by the amount of linear analog to the anaerobic phosphorus release and COD consumption obtained the conostant KΔP /ΔCOD was 0.21. In the case of excessive dosing nitrate did not bring anoxic phosphorus uptake rate and the P uptake increase significantly. The existence of COD in anoxic reactor is not conducive to denitrification but not to denotrifying phosphorus removal. In the same reaction time, the anoxic phosphorus uptake could not absorb all the P released in the anaerobic reactor, but the aerobic phosphorus could.
⑥After the isolation, purification, screening, selected and sequencing 16SrDNA, the strain which had the best phosphorus uptake capacity belonged Bacillus.sp. The phosphorus removal rates of the four strains were 26.68%, 46.11%, 40.78% and 37.46% in 24 hours.
⑦By means of the regression analysis, obtained the regression equations of TN removal rate, TP removal rate, nitrification rate, denitrifying rate, release phosphorus rate and P uptake rate. The regression equations were proved having good significant, fitting degree and accuracy. The analysis also got the optimal SRT, C/N and C/P as about 25d, 25 and 70 for TN removal rate, and the optimal SRT, C/N and C/P as 17d, 8, 80 for TP removal rate, and the optimal SRT, C/N and C/P respectively as 8d, 5 and 100 for nitration rate and release phosphorus P uptake rate, the optimal SRT, C/N and C/P respectively as 30d, 25, 100 for denitrifying rate.
⑧The material balan ce equation of SUFR-UCT system was established . The kinetics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal was got by calculating. Combined with experimental data on the sewage treatment, evaluate the kinetic models. The results showed that predicted and measured values were in good agreement which proved the kinetic models had good predictability.
①螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统对COD、总氮和总磷都有较高的去除率,出水COD为6～24mg/L,总磷为0.01～0.41mg/L,总氮为2.57～11.52mg/L。厌氧反应器内去除的COD约占总去除量的87%。在好氧反应器中有同时硝化反硝化现象,在缺氧反应器中有明显的反硝化除磷现象。
②螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统活性污泥的沉降性能良好,SVI值介于50～150mL/g,由于螺旋升流流态的推流特征,反应器内易形成颗粒污泥,颗粒直径多在0.7mm～0.9mm之间,属于小颗粒污泥;污泥活性(MLVSS/MLSS)均在0.75以上。活性污泥的比好氧速率SOUR的平均值为31.8mg/(g·h),比硝化速率SNR约为1.95mg/(g·h),比厌氧释磷速率SPRR30为26.82mg/(g·h),比好氧吸磷速率ASPUR为6.04mg/(g·h),比缺氧吸磷速率NSPUR为4.27mg/(g·h),活性污泥对氮、磷有较好的去除能力。此外,污泥产率系数约为0.60,比传统活性污泥法要小15%左右。活性污泥中生物相丰富,其中以固着型纤毛虫为主,其次还有游泳型纤毛虫和轮虫、线虫等后生动物。
③螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统活性污泥的有机物去除能力对进水COD、C/N和C/P都有较大的抗冲击能力。进水C/N对系统脱氮效果有一定影响,在持续性高COD进水时,系统的脱氮效果大幅度降低。较高的SRT有利于硝化菌的增殖而使SND和脱氮效果都有所加强,但SRT大于25天后,污泥老化严重,使脱氮效率有所下降。除磷效果对进水COD的耐冲击负荷较高,受进水C/N的影响也较小。在进水C/P较低时,系统因不能及时将厌氧释放的磷和进水中的磷吸收而使除磷率偏低;在C/P较高时,由于进水磷浓度较低,限制了微生物的正常生命活动,使厌氧释磷和好氧吸磷量都有所下降。此外,除磷效果对SRT也有一定的耐冲击能力。
螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统在经过72小时的停运之后恢复运行,一周内氮磷的去除基本恢复至停运前的处理水平。根据分析,螺旋升流式反应器独特的结构特征和流态特点是系统内颗粒污泥形成及运行高效稳定的根本原因。
④试验通过分离纯化和筛选得到两株具有良好好氧反硝化效果的菌株,经过16SrDNA测序确定分别属于Rhodococcus.sp(红球菌属)和Gordonia.sp(戈登氏菌属)。经过四天好氧反硝化,两菌株总氮去除率达61.2%和58.7%,且都有较高的氧耐受浓度和较宽的温度适应范围。
⑤针对系统中的反硝化吸磷现象进行了试验研究,发现提高厌氧阶段时水中COD浓度而使厌氧释磷量增加,并未对反硝化吸磷带来增加,并不能将厌氧阶段释放的磷完全吸收;通过对厌氧释磷量与COD消耗量的数据进行线性模拟,得到比例常数KΔP/ΔCOD为0.21;在超量投加硝酸盐的情况下并未带来缺氧吸磷速率和吸磷量的大幅提升;缺氧条件下COD的存在不利于反硝化除磷而有利于反硝化脱氮;在同样的反应时间内,缺氧吸磷尚达不到将厌氧阶段释放的磷完全吸收,而好氧吸磷却可以实现超量吸磷。
⑥通过分离纯化和筛选得到四株对总磷有较好去除效果的菌株,在24小时内对总磷的去除率分别为:26.68%、46.11%、40.78%和37.46%。对其中吸磷效果最好的菌株进行16SrDNA测序,结果显示该菌属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为枯草芽孢杆菌。
⑦通过回归分析,得出SRT、C/N和C/P对SUFR-UCT系统TN去除率、TP去除率、硝化速率、反硝化速率、释磷速率和吸磷速率的拟合方程,并验证了该方程有较好的显著性、拟合度和准确性;得到TN去除率最优时SRT、C/N和C/P约为25d、25和70;TP去除率最优时SRT、C/N和C/P分别为17d、8、80;硝化速率、释磷吸磷速率最优时SRT、C/N和C/P均分别为8d、5和100;反硝化速率最优时SRT、C/N和C/P均分别为30、25和100。
⑧建立系统物料平衡方程,计算得出在不同进水水质条件下对氮磷去除的动力学模式。验证该动力学模式进行,结果预测值与实测值较吻合,证明此动力学模式对螺旋升流式SUFR-UCT系统运行状况有较好的预测能力。
On the basis of preliminary studies, spiral up flow technology was combined with the UCT process to study the phenomenon of SND and denitrifying phosphorus removal, the factors affecting nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the best conditions for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The activated sludge were studied too. Aerobic denitrifies and phosphorus accumulating bacteria were isolated selected and identified. Detailed work and major conclusion are as follows:
①The SUFR -UCT system based on spiral up flow could obtain high removal efficiency of phosphorus COD and nitrogen. The effluent concentration of COD was in the rage of 6~24mg/L, the effluent concentration of phosphorus was in the rage of 0.01~0.41mg/L, the effluent concentration of nitrogen was in the rage of 2.57~11.52mg/L. The COD were removed in the anaerobic reactor 87% of the total. There were phenomenon of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in the aerobic reactor and phenomenon of denitrifying phosphorus removal in the anoxic reactor.
②The settlement of activated sludge was good in SUFR-UCT system based on spiral up flow. The SVI was in the rage of 50~150mL/g. The plug-flow characteristics of spiral up flow within the reactor was easy to form granular sludge, the sludge particle size was in the rage of 0.7~0.9mm, MLVSS/MLSS was above 0.75. The average of SOUR was 31.8 mg/(g?h), the SNR was about 1.95mg/(g·h), the SPRR30 was26.82mg/(g·h), The ASPUR was 6.04mg/(g·h), The NSPUR was 4.27mg/(g·h), The activated sludge had a good ability to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, the sludge yield coefficient of SUFR-UCT system was about 0.60 which was 15% lower the traditional. There were rich activated sludge biological phases, of which the sessile ciliates were the major and still some swimming ciliates or rotifers, nematodes and other metazoans.
③The organic removal had a greater impact resistance on the COD, C/N and C/P. The denitrification significantly reduced with persistent high COD. Influent C/N also had some impacts on the nitrogen removal. Higher SRT was conducive to the proliferation of nitrifying bacteria and the SND and nitrogen removal had been strengthened. But sludge aging serious and the nitrogen removal decreased when the SRT was more than 25 days. The phosphorus removal had a higher resistance to influent COD and C/N. When the influent C/P is low, the phosphorus removal rate was lower because it can not absorb the phosphorus in time. When the C/P was high, anaerobic phosphorus release and aerobic phosphorus uptake had declined because the lower influent P limited the normal life activities of microorganisms. In addition, phosphorus removal also had a certain impact resistance capacity on SRT.
The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus returned to the level of before within a week after 72 hours’outage. According to the analysis, the unique structure and flow characteristics of spiral up-flow reactor were the root cause of the formation of granular sludge within the system.
④After the isolation, purification, screening, selected and sequencing 16SrDNA, the two strains belonged Rhodococcus.sp and Gordonia.sp. The nitrogen removal rate of the two strains were 61.2% and 58.7% after four days’aerobic denitrification. In addition, the two strains had higher concentrations of oxygen tolerance and a wide range of temperature adaptation.
⑤The phenomenon of denitrifying phosphorus uptake were studied, it was found that denitrifying phosphorus was not increased when increasing the anaerobic phosphorus release. by the amount of linear analog to the anaerobic phosphorus release and COD consumption obtained the conostant KΔP /ΔCOD was 0.21. In the case of excessive dosing nitrate did not bring anoxic phosphorus uptake rate and the P uptake increase significantly. The existence of COD in anoxic reactor is not conducive to denitrification but not to denotrifying phosphorus removal. In the same reaction time, the anoxic phosphorus uptake could not absorb all the P released in the anaerobic reactor, but the aerobic phosphorus could.
⑥After the isolation, purification, screening, selected and sequencing 16SrDNA, the strain which had the best phosphorus uptake capacity belonged Bacillus.sp. The phosphorus removal rates of the four strains were 26.68%, 46.11%, 40.78% and 37.46% in 24 hours.
⑦By means of the regression analysis, obtained the regression equations of TN removal rate, TP removal rate, nitrification rate, denitrifying rate, release phosphorus rate and P uptake rate. The regression equations were proved having good significant, fitting degree and accuracy. The analysis also got the optimal SRT, C/N and C/P as about 25d, 25 and 70 for TN removal rate, and the optimal SRT, C/N and C/P as 17d, 8, 80 for TP removal rate, and the optimal SRT, C/N and C/P respectively as 8d, 5 and 100 for nitration rate and release phosphorus P uptake rate, the optimal SRT, C/N and C/P respectively as 30d, 25, 100 for denitrifying rate.
⑧The material balan ce equation of SUFR-UCT system was established . The kinetics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal was got by calculating. Combined with experimental data on the sewage treatment, evaluate the kinetic models. The results showed that predicted and measured values were in good agreement which proved the kinetic models had good predictability.
引文
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