菊粉对肉鸡生产性能、血液指标及肠道菌群的影响
摘要
本课题通过肉仔鸡试验，研究菊粉对肉仔鸡在生长性能、屠宰指标、肉质指标、血液指标、胆固醇代谢、肠道内容物及肠道菌群的影响。试验选择健康、体重相近1日龄艾维因肉仔鸡母雏252羽，随机分为6个处理，每个处理3个重复，每重复14羽。处理Ⅰ为对照，处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ分别在基础饲粮中添加50mg／kg金霉素、1％菊粉(inulin)、0.5％菊粉、0.3％菊粉和0.1％菊粉。试验从1日龄开始，分别于7、21和42日龄称重，统计耗料量；在42日龄每组随机抽取6羽鸡(3公3母)，颈静脉采血，分离血清并测定血清生化指标；宰杀并解剖试验鸡，无菌取左侧盲肠内容物，进行大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌与pH值测定，取胸肌用于测定肉质指标，腿肌测定脂肪和胆固醇含量。
试验结果表明，饲粮中添加0.5％菊粉在整个试验期内，能增加肉仔鸡增重(P＞0.05)和饲料转化率(P＞0.05)；7、21和42日龄日增重比对照组分别提高0.20％(P＞0.05)、2.78％(P＞0.05)和3.38％(P＜0.05)，饲料转化率分别比对照组提高3.14％(P＞0.05)、6.61％(P＜0.05)和2.53％(P＞0.05)；1～21日龄，添加金霉素组肉仔鸡日增重、耗料量和饲料转化率最高，21和42日龄饲料转化率分别较对照组提高7.3％(P＜0.05)和1.88％(P＞0.05)。从屠宰指标来看，抗生素组与1％添加组、0.5％添加组较对照有所提高，各组之间各项指标差异不显著(p＞0.05)，屠宰率、全净堂、半净膛综合考察，以0.5％添加组最好，分别比对照组提高0.517％(P＞0.05)、1.785％(P＞0.05)、1.921％(P＞0.05)。饲粮中添加菊粉能改善鸡肉品质，首先，可以降低鸡肉的剪切力值，0.5％添加组比抗生素组下降了27.792％(p＜0.01)，1％添加组比抗生素组下降20.576％(p＜0.05)；其次，添加菊粉使滴水损失下降，而添加抗生素使滴水损失上升，0.5％添加组、1％菊粉添加组鸡肉滴水损失均有所下降，分别比抗生素组下降了12.436％(p＜0.01)和12.027％(p＜0.01)，比对照组下降了9.314％(p＜0.05)和8.905％(p＜0.05)；而且，菊粉添加组抗氧化效果突出，1％添加组肉中SOD比对照提高了9.550％(p＜0.05)。饲粮中添加菊粉能明显的影响胆固醇代谢。试验期末，对照组肌肉中胆固醇水平最高，其他各组肌肉中胆固醇水平均有所下降，1％添加组、0.5％添加组、0.3％添加组、0.1％添加组分别比对照组下降22.913％(p＜0.01)、15.534％(p＜0.01)、15.534％(p＜0.01)和6.796％(p＜0.05)；同时，可使试验各组血清中胆固醇水平均有所下降，尤以1％添加组下降最多，比对照组下降了34.281％(p＜0.05)；0.5％添加组、0.3％添加组、0.1％添加组分别比对照组下降11.698％、14.704％和14.013％，差异不显著。血中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均有所下降，但差异不显著。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(HDL-C／LDL-C)1％添加组和0.3％添加组较对照组上升，分别上升6.897％和12.414％。饲粮中添加菊粉能增强肉仔鸡超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性，降低丙二醛(MDA)含量，显著提高肉仔鸡体内抗氧化能力(P＜0.05)，尤以0.5％添加组效果好。血糖变化不明显。本试验研究证实，
日粮中添加菊粉以0.5%添加水平肠道PH下降最多，而且与对照差异极显著
(p<0.01)，比对照低0.204，1%添加组与对照差异显著(p<0.05)，比对照1氏
0.197，0.3%添加组和0.1%添加组比对照也有所降低，但是差异不显著。日粮中添
加菊粉可以提高肠道中乳酸杆菌的数量，降低大肠杆菌的数量，保护肠道内健康
的内环境。本试验研究证实，添加菊粉确实可以提高肠道中乳酸杆菌的数量，以
0.5%添加水平效果最好，比对照组提高5.09%，而且可以同时减少大肠杆菌的增
值，大肠杆菌数比对照降低5.90%，其他各添加组效果不明显。
The objective of this research was to study effects of inulin on performance. ,meat quality,serum biochemical parameters,cholesterol metabolize, cecal content andmicroorganism of cecum in healthy Avian birds.
252 Avian birds of 1 day old were randomly assigned to six groups, with three replicationsper group. The control was provided with basal diet. Treatmnets were basal diet added 50mg/kg chlortetracycline , 1% inulin,. 0.5% inuiin,0.3% inulin, 0.1% inulin .Broilers body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency were measured on day 7, 21,and 42.At day 42,six broilers per group were killed and collected samples for further assess. Serum was separated and assessed for blood suger, urea nitrogen(UN), total superoxide dimutase (T-SOD)and malond- iaidehyed (MDA).At the same time , fresh contents of left cecal were collected and analyzed for pH, Escherichia coli and lactibacilus concentration. Muscle in the breast were removed to test meat quality. And then, muscle in the leg were collected for fat and cholesterol content.Results showed that Avian birds which supplemented with 0.5% inulin improved Daily Weight Gain (DWG) (P>0.05) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)(P>0.05) compared to control during entire trial period. At
day 7, 21 and 42, 0.5% inulin increased DWG by 0.20% (P>0.05) ,2.78% (P>0.05) and 3.38% (P<0.05) respectively compared to control, FCR of 0.5% inulin groups at 7,21 and 42days increased by 3.14%(P>0.05),6.61%(P<0.05)and2.53%(P>.05 Respectively compared to control. At 1-21 days, broilers DWG and FCR of chlortetracycline group is utmost, meantime, FCR of 21 and 42 days old broilers significantly increased by7.3% (P<0.05) and 1.88% (P>.05) respectively compared to control.There was no significant difference on slaughter index of trail with inulin compared to control. Review from the slaughter index,0.5% inulin supplemented is best.Broiiers supplemented with inulin improved meat quality.At first,the inulin can decrease the value of cut, the value of 0.5% group and l%group reduced by 27.792% (p < 0.01) and 20.576%(p < 0.05) respectively compared to chlortetracycline group.The second, broilers supplemented with inuiin have little drip losing, 0.5% group and l%group reduced by 12.436% (p < 0.01) and 12.027% (p <
0.01) respectively compared to chlortetracycline,and decrease by 9.314% (p < 0.05) and 8.905% (p < 0.05) compared to control.The thirds,there is obviously effect of inulin on antioxidation function of broilers. Activity of T-SOD of Avian supplemented with 1% inulin were increased by 9.550% (p < 0.05) .Inulin effects the metabolism of cholesterol (CHO) evidently.At the end of experiment, CHO in the muscle of broilers decreased by supplemented with inulin .1% group , 0.5% group, 0.3% group, 0.1% group reduced by 2.913% (p< 0.01), 15.534% (p<0.01), 15.534% (p<0.01) and 6.796% compared to control.Serum CHO also effected by inulin, serum CHO of 1% group reduced most.it
lower 34.281% (p < 0.05) than control. 0.5% group, 0.3% group. 0.1% group reduced by 11.698%, 14.704% and 14.013% respectively than control, there is on significent difference in the three with control.Serum HDL and LDL in treatment supplemented with inulin decreased compared to control.but no significent difference exist.HDL/LDL in the serum higer than control in l%group and 0.3% group.Activity of T-SOD and concentration of MDA of Avian supplemented with 0.5% inulin were best. At 42 days old, 0.5% group significantly increased serum antioxidation function of broilers.There is on great change in concentration of serum suger.Results showed that Avian birds which supplemented with 0.5% inulin decreased pH of cecal contentlowered 0.204 than control and have significant difference with control (p<0.01) .Birds which supplemented with 1% inulin PH in the cecum decreased 0.197, and have significent difference with control (p<0.05) .0.3%group and 0.1% group have no significent difference with control.The concentrat
ion of lactibacilus of birds supplemented with 0.5% inulin increased and that of E.coli of birds decreased compared to control in cecu
试验结果表明，饲粮中添加0.5％菊粉在整个试验期内，能增加肉仔鸡增重(P＞0.05)和饲料转化率(P＞0.05)；7、21和42日龄日增重比对照组分别提高0.20％(P＞0.05)、2.78％(P＞0.05)和3.38％(P＜0.05)，饲料转化率分别比对照组提高3.14％(P＞0.05)、6.61％(P＜0.05)和2.53％(P＞0.05)；1～21日龄，添加金霉素组肉仔鸡日增重、耗料量和饲料转化率最高，21和42日龄饲料转化率分别较对照组提高7.3％(P＜0.05)和1.88％(P＞0.05)。从屠宰指标来看，抗生素组与1％添加组、0.5％添加组较对照有所提高，各组之间各项指标差异不显著(p＞0.05)，屠宰率、全净堂、半净膛综合考察，以0.5％添加组最好，分别比对照组提高0.517％(P＞0.05)、1.785％(P＞0.05)、1.921％(P＞0.05)。饲粮中添加菊粉能改善鸡肉品质，首先，可以降低鸡肉的剪切力值，0.5％添加组比抗生素组下降了27.792％(p＜0.01)，1％添加组比抗生素组下降20.576％(p＜0.05)；其次，添加菊粉使滴水损失下降，而添加抗生素使滴水损失上升，0.5％添加组、1％菊粉添加组鸡肉滴水损失均有所下降，分别比抗生素组下降了12.436％(p＜0.01)和12.027％(p＜0.01)，比对照组下降了9.314％(p＜0.05)和8.905％(p＜0.05)；而且，菊粉添加组抗氧化效果突出，1％添加组肉中SOD比对照提高了9.550％(p＜0.05)。饲粮中添加菊粉能明显的影响胆固醇代谢。试验期末，对照组肌肉中胆固醇水平最高，其他各组肌肉中胆固醇水平均有所下降，1％添加组、0.5％添加组、0.3％添加组、0.1％添加组分别比对照组下降22.913％(p＜0.01)、15.534％(p＜0.01)、15.534％(p＜0.01)和6.796％(p＜0.05)；同时，可使试验各组血清中胆固醇水平均有所下降，尤以1％添加组下降最多，比对照组下降了34.281％(p＜0.05)；0.5％添加组、0.3％添加组、0.1％添加组分别比对照组下降11.698％、14.704％和14.013％，差异不显著。血中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均有所下降，但差异不显著。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(HDL-C／LDL-C)1％添加组和0.3％添加组较对照组上升，分别上升6.897％和12.414％。饲粮中添加菊粉能增强肉仔鸡超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性，降低丙二醛(MDA)含量，显著提高肉仔鸡体内抗氧化能力(P＜0.05)，尤以0.5％添加组效果好。血糖变化不明显。本试验研究证实，
日粮中添加菊粉以0.5%添加水平肠道PH下降最多，而且与对照差异极显著
(p<0.01)，比对照低0.204，1%添加组与对照差异显著(p<0.05)，比对照1氏
0.197，0.3%添加组和0.1%添加组比对照也有所降低，但是差异不显著。日粮中添
加菊粉可以提高肠道中乳酸杆菌的数量，降低大肠杆菌的数量，保护肠道内健康
的内环境。本试验研究证实，添加菊粉确实可以提高肠道中乳酸杆菌的数量，以
0.5%添加水平效果最好，比对照组提高5.09%，而且可以同时减少大肠杆菌的增
值，大肠杆菌数比对照降低5.90%，其他各添加组效果不明显。
The objective of this research was to study effects of inulin on performance. ,meat quality,serum biochemical parameters,cholesterol metabolize, cecal content andmicroorganism of cecum in healthy Avian birds.
252 Avian birds of 1 day old were randomly assigned to six groups, with three replicationsper group. The control was provided with basal diet. Treatmnets were basal diet added 50mg/kg chlortetracycline , 1% inulin,. 0.5% inuiin,0.3% inulin, 0.1% inulin .Broilers body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency were measured on day 7, 21,and 42.At day 42,six broilers per group were killed and collected samples for further assess. Serum was separated and assessed for blood suger, urea nitrogen(UN), total superoxide dimutase (T-SOD)and malond- iaidehyed (MDA).At the same time , fresh contents of left cecal were collected and analyzed for pH, Escherichia coli and lactibacilus concentration. Muscle in the breast were removed to test meat quality. And then, muscle in the leg were collected for fat and cholesterol content.Results showed that Avian birds which supplemented with 0.5% inulin improved Daily Weight Gain (DWG) (P>0.05) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)(P>0.05) compared to control during entire trial period. At
day 7, 21 and 42, 0.5% inulin increased DWG by 0.20% (P>0.05) ,2.78% (P>0.05) and 3.38% (P<0.05) respectively compared to control, FCR of 0.5% inulin groups at 7,21 and 42days increased by 3.14%(P>0.05),6.61%(P<0.05)and2.53%(P>.05 Respectively compared to control. At 1-21 days, broilers DWG and FCR of chlortetracycline group is utmost, meantime, FCR of 21 and 42 days old broilers significantly increased by7.3% (P<0.05) and 1.88% (P>.05) respectively compared to control.There was no significant difference on slaughter index of trail with inulin compared to control. Review from the slaughter index,0.5% inulin supplemented is best.Broiiers supplemented with inulin improved meat quality.At first,the inulin can decrease the value of cut, the value of 0.5% group and l%group reduced by 27.792% (p < 0.01) and 20.576%(p < 0.05) respectively compared to chlortetracycline group.The second, broilers supplemented with inuiin have little drip losing, 0.5% group and l%group reduced by 12.436% (p < 0.01) and 12.027% (p <
0.01) respectively compared to chlortetracycline,and decrease by 9.314% (p < 0.05) and 8.905% (p < 0.05) compared to control.The thirds,there is obviously effect of inulin on antioxidation function of broilers. Activity of T-SOD of Avian supplemented with 1% inulin were increased by 9.550% (p < 0.05) .Inulin effects the metabolism of cholesterol (CHO) evidently.At the end of experiment, CHO in the muscle of broilers decreased by supplemented with inulin .1% group , 0.5% group, 0.3% group, 0.1% group reduced by 2.913% (p< 0.01), 15.534% (p<0.01), 15.534% (p<0.01) and 6.796% compared to control.Serum CHO also effected by inulin, serum CHO of 1% group reduced most.it
lower 34.281% (p < 0.05) than control. 0.5% group, 0.3% group. 0.1% group reduced by 11.698%, 14.704% and 14.013% respectively than control, there is on significent difference in the three with control.Serum HDL and LDL in treatment supplemented with inulin decreased compared to control.but no significent difference exist.HDL/LDL in the serum higer than control in l%group and 0.3% group.Activity of T-SOD and concentration of MDA of Avian supplemented with 0.5% inulin were best. At 42 days old, 0.5% group significantly increased serum antioxidation function of broilers.There is on great change in concentration of serum suger.Results showed that Avian birds which supplemented with 0.5% inulin decreased pH of cecal contentlowered 0.204 than control and have significant difference with control (p<0.01) .Birds which supplemented with 1% inulin PH in the cecum decreased 0.197, and have significent difference with control (p<0.05) .0.3%group and 0.1% group have no significent difference with control.The concentrat
ion of lactibacilus of birds supplemented with 0.5% inulin increased and that of E.coli of birds decreased compared to control in cecu
引文
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