以高技术为支撑的农工一体化循环经济发展模式研究
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摘要
我国农村社会经济发展的方向是实现农产品的商品化、农业的工业化、农村的城镇化。在这一发展过程中,将循环经济发展模式引入到农村和城镇经济发展中去,一个重要的方面是如何实现农业经济与工业经济的对接,即构建农工一体化的循环经济发展模式。这一发展模式应该建立在高技术的基础上,即以高技术为支撑实现农工一体化发展,由此才能从根本上推动农村和城镇经济的可持续发展。山东龙力生物科技有限公司利用当地玉米、玉米芯等农产品资源丰富的优势,通过引入和开发高新生物技术,加工制成低聚糖、木糖醇、低聚木糖以及多种衍生功能糖产品,同时将生产过程产生的玉米芯废渣经过燃料、发电、养殖等项目的再利用,其产生的废弃物再作为肥料进入土地,从而构造了一种独具特色的以高技术为支撑的农工一体化循环经济发展模式。以山东龙力生物科技有限公司为案例,研究农工一体化循环经济发展模式,对于从根本上解决“三农”问题、建立新的农村和城镇经济发展模式,具有重要的实践价值。同时,从理论上研究以高技术为支撑的农工一体化循环经济发展模式,也有助于发展我国传统的循环经济理论,拓展新的研究领域。
农工一体化循环经济是以农业为起点、农业产业化和工业生态化相结合,按照自然生态系统物质循环和能量流动方式运行的物质闭环流动型(Closing Materials Cycle)经济和资源循环(Recourses Circulate)经济。其特点是：第一,农工一体化循环经济的物质循环封闭于农业和工业,起点是绿色植物通过太阳能转变成化学能,并以高技术体系为支撑和依托,实现能量梯次使用。第二,农工一体化循环经济结合了农业产业化和工业生态化,提高了物质循环率,从而延长了农业产后的产业链条,并与工业生态化有机地结合。第三,农工一体化循环经济实现了农业生产环节以及农业与工业的“无缝链接”,协同了产业链各环节之间的关系,并组成一个闭环的绿色供应链。
农工一体化循环经济组织可分为紧密型、半紧密型和松散型三种。紧密型农工一体化循环经济组织主要指由核心企业投资组成的在生态产业链条上的一组企业,它们之间是靠产权连接的,这一组企业可以是某企业独立投资形成的,也可以是核心企业控股,或者是核心企业参股的,这组企业也可以看成是核心企业的纵向一体化。半紧密型农工一体化循环经济组织指的是企业间通过合同连接,即农产品生产者与农产品加工者、农产品销售者三者之间,通过签订合同或订单,协调生态产业链条上企业间的合作关系,使农工商三者得以进行合作,以便增进并合理分享收益。松散型农工一体化循环经济组织是指企业间完全依靠市场交易方式连接,企业之间完全独立,合作和协调主要通过市场机制来进行。
农工一体化循环经济运作机制的构建是保证系统内物质循环、能量流动的有序性和实现信息共享的前提和保障。从系统内产业流程的运作程序来看,应涵盖合作伙伴的评价—选择机制、履约—监督机制、激励—约束机制、冲突—协调机制和信息共享机制等五个层面。其中,合作伙伴的评价—选择机制属于一种事前预防机制,履约—监督机制、激励—约束机制、信息共享机制属于一种事中执行机制,而冲突—协调机制则属于一种事后弥补机制。
农工一体化循环经济的核心是“循环”,即强调资源在社会再生产体系中各个环节的不断循环利用,因此,如何做到产业链内资源的网状化利用显得尤为重要。为此,农工一体化循环经济内部各节点企业资源都应按照协同方式进行整合,以增进系统的资源持有量；在资源协同整合的过程中,主要依赖于科技进步和高技术支撑；以高技术为支撑的农工一体化循环经济能够产生横向一体化的规模经济的效应、纵向一体化的范围经济效应和区域一体化的产业集群效应。
以高技术为支撑的农工一体化循环经济为我们提供了一种新的发展模式,在这一发展模式中,高新技术是推动循环经济发展的关键因素。同时,发展农工一体化循环经济并不单纯是技术的选择问题,也不是微观市场主体一厢情愿所能够做到的,它需要一系列相关条件来保障或满足,例如资源循环利用技术的成熟度及其适应性、资源供给的约束程度、生产规模的大小、产业的聚集程度以及政府职能的有效合理发挥等。
山东龙力生物科技有限公司构建以高技术为支撑的农工一体化的循环经济发展模式,经历了萌芽、初步形成和发展完善三个阶段。该公司循环经济产业的前端是玉米种植业,功能糖的工业化生产以及玉米芯废渣的再利用是公司循环经济的核心产业,它们和肥料还田工程共同构成了闭环的循环经济链。龙力公司以高技术为支撑的农工一体化循环经济发展模式,无缝连接了农业和工业,通过以玉米及玉米芯等农业资源的开发利用,延长了农业产业链条,同时以生物技术为手段,实现了对农业资源的综合性循环利用。
在山东龙力生物科技有限公司农工一体化的循环经济发展模式中,生物高技术起了关键的支撑作用。生物法制备木糖醇技术、玉米芯酶法制备低聚木糖技术、玉米芯废渣提取木质素技术和纤维乙醇生产技术等高技术的应用促成了该公司的循环经济产业链条。对生物技术酶解工业纤维废渣生产乙醇项目的资源与环境经济的具体分析证明了该公司以高技术为支撑的农工一体化循环经济实现了资源的充分利用和经济与环境的协调发展。
山东龙力生物科技有限公司运营管理与以高技术为支撑的农工一体化的循环经济发展高度契合。以打造“玉米全株产业链”为发展方向,以“生物炼制、绿色循环”为发展主线,以“绿色循环发展、健康成就未来”为核心理念,以“有限循环一体化、业务单元专业化”为发展原则,形成了科学的战略定位。同时,灵活高效的产学研合作提供的技术支撑,企业文化建设和人力资源管理的密切配合,共同促成了龙力公司有效的总体运营模式,并为公司赢得了竞争优势。
以高技术为支撑的农工一体化循环经济发展模式,带动了农业产业链和农业发展方式的转变,促进了农业集约化生产和规模化经营,推动了现代城镇经济发展模式的建立,这一发展模式为“三农”问题的解决、为推动农村城镇化建设与发展提供了有益的启示。
The developing direction of our country's rural society is to realize the commercialization of agricultural products, the industrialization of agriculture and the urbanization of rural areas. During these developing processes, in order to lead the circular economy development into rural and urban areas'economic development, one important aspect is how to link agricultural economy and industrial economy and build the agribusiness integration developing mode of circular economy, and this developing mode should based on high technology, only in this way can realize the sustainable development of rural and urban areas'economy. LongLi biotechnology limited company of Shandong province makes good use of local maize and corncob, by introducing and developing high and new biotechnology to product oligosaccharide, xylitol, polyxylose, and a variety of derivative products, and they recycle the waste residue as fuel to generate electricity or use them for cultivation, the waste residue could also be used as fertilizer, by this way, so this company developed a particular circular agribusiness economy developing mode which is based on high technology. Taking Longli biotechnology limited company of Shandong province as an example and to study the circular agribusiness economy developing mode, it has important practical value to solve the issues of agriculture farmer and rural areas, to build new villages and urban economy's developing mode and to accelerate the rural economy's sustainable development. At the same time, it will be useful to develop the theory of our country's agricultural circular economy and develop new research field.
In structure, this paper is made of ten chapters, and it could be divided into four sections. The first three chapters are theory analysis, firstly this paper introduces the reasons of selecting this research and the historical research backgrounds, and it also introduces the basic situation and standpoints, as well as the research contents, methods, the technical route and the innovations and the problems still to be studied. On this basis, this paper elaborated the related theories about agricultural circular economy, analyzed the form of the theory of circular economy, and this theory's operation mechanism, technical support and management structure, and this paper also discusses the necessities and feasibilities to develop the circular agribusiness economy, according to the characteristics of agriculture, this paper introduces the requirements, general mode and supporting systems. The fourth and fifth chapters are system analysis. This section researched the circular agribusiness economy as a whole thing, and it analyzed the high technology supporting system, and according to the form paradigm "factors-structure-function" of system theory, this section analyzed the element chain(resources, technology), structure chain(process) and function chain(value), which supporting the circular agribusiness economy, and this section also explore its management mode. The sixth, seventh and eighth chapters are demonstration. Taking Longli biotechnology limited company as an example, this part researched its developing process to realize circular agribusiness economy from the view of the industrial chain of circular economy, high technology systems and operation models. The ninth and tenth chapters are normative analysis, based on the former analysis; this part evaluated the value and effect of circular agribusiness and summarized the main research conclusion. Through this paper, we get these following conclusions:
From the meaning of circular agribusiness economy, it is started from agriculture and combine agriculture industrialization and industrial ecology, and it is a closing materials cycle and resources circulate which is moving according the regular pattern of natural ecology system and energy flow mode. Its characteristics are:①it is closed in agriculture and industry, and its staring point is the green plants to transform solar power into chemical energy, and it realized the use of power by the supporting of high technology.②The circular agribusiness economy combines agriculture industrialization and industrial ecology, and its goal is to use resources effectively and circularly, its principles are "3R (reduce, reusing, recycling)", so it extends agriculture's postpartum chain and combined with industrial ecology.③Circular agribusiness economy links different parts of agriculture and combines agriculture and industry, and formed a closed green supply chain.
From the view of organization, the circular agribusiness can be divided into close, half close and loose mode. Close circular agribusiness organization means several enterprises which is made up of core enterprises and in the ecology chain, they are linked by property right, the core enterprises could be formed by a company's independent investment and it also could be controlled by a core enterprise, or it is shared by a core company, or we may regard it as the core enterprise's vertical integration. Half close circular agribusiness organization refers to the companies which united by contract, specifically, it means that the agricultural producers, agricultural producers and produce sellers coordinate their relations by contract, so that increase and share profit. Loose circular agribusiness organization means that company deal their business independently, their cooperation and coordination are totally made by market mechanism.
From the view of operation safeguard mechanism, the form of operation mechanism of circular agribusiness is to guarantee the circulation of materials in system, the order of energy circulation, realize the share of information. From the view of operation procedure in system's industry process, it should contain partner's evaluation-choice mechanism, performance and supervision mechanism, incentive and restraint mechanisms, conflict coordination mechanism and information sharing mechanism. Partner's evaluation and choice mechanism is a kind of prevention system, performance and supervision mechanism, incentive and restraint mechanisms and information sharing mechanism are a kind of matter execution mechanism, and conflict coordination mechanism belongs to a kind of afterward remedy mechanism.
From the view of circular synergy, the core of circular agribusiness is "circular", it emphasizes the resources should be circular used in various links in social reproduction system, so it is important to make good use of resources; and the key is "resource", the link companies in circular agribusiness should be integrated according the contract, so that to enhance the holding of resources; Technology is security, its advantages are it could promote the transformation between science and achievements, so that to improve the efficiency of agricultural production and promote the progress of agricultural science and technology. Performance is the "effect", it include crosswise integration of the economies of scale effect, vertical integration of economies of scope and regional integration of industry cluster effect.
From the view of technology, the circular agribusiness economy which is based on high technology give us a new developing mode, therefore, to some extent, technology is the key point for the development of circular economy. However, it is not only a technical problem to develop circular agribusiness economy, and it can't be realized only by a microcosmic economic body, it need a system of conditions to guarantee. For example, the maturity and adaptability of using circular technology, the constraint degree of resource supply, the scale of production, the concentration degree of industry and the government's regulation to protect environment.
The development of circular agribusiness economy of Longli biotechnology limited companyof Shandong province underwent the form of germination, preliminary formation and perfection. The fore-end of this company's circular agribusiness economy is corn planting, the industrial production of functional sugar and the recycle of corncob, with the project of fertilizer back to field, and they formed the closed circular economy chain. This company's developing mode linked agriculture and industry perfectly, it realized resource's comprehensive use by the exploration of corn and corncob, extend of agricultural chain and biotechnology.
In the development of Longli biotechnology limited company's circular agribusiness economy, biotechnology is playing an important role. Some high technology in the process of production promoted Longli Company's circular economy industrial chain. The specific analysis about ethanol's production by industrial fiber waste with biotechnology proved that Longli Company realized the full use of resources and the environment's coordinated development.
The operation management of Longli biotechnology limited company of Shandong province totally agreed with the circular agribusiness economy which is based on high technology, directed by forming corn industrial chain, oriented by "green and circular ", centered by the theory of "circular development, healthy future", principled by "limited circulated circulation, specialized business unit ", in this way, this company realized the integration of production, education and research, the close cooperation between company culture development and human resources management, they formed Longli company's operation mode together and they gain the competitive advantages for the company.
Longli company's developing mode accelerate the transform of agriculture industrial chain and agricultural development mode, promote the Agricultural intensification production and scale management, as well as the establishment of modern agriculture industrial system, and this mode is useful to solve the issues of agriculture, farm and rural areas, it provide the beneficial revelation for the rural areas'urbanization and development, its developing experiences is worth learning and extending.
农工一体化循环经济是以农业为起点、农业产业化和工业生态化相结合,按照自然生态系统物质循环和能量流动方式运行的物质闭环流动型(Closing Materials Cycle)经济和资源循环(Recourses Circulate)经济。其特点是：第一,农工一体化循环经济的物质循环封闭于农业和工业,起点是绿色植物通过太阳能转变成化学能,并以高技术体系为支撑和依托,实现能量梯次使用。第二,农工一体化循环经济结合了农业产业化和工业生态化,提高了物质循环率,从而延长了农业产后的产业链条,并与工业生态化有机地结合。第三,农工一体化循环经济实现了农业生产环节以及农业与工业的“无缝链接”,协同了产业链各环节之间的关系,并组成一个闭环的绿色供应链。
农工一体化循环经济组织可分为紧密型、半紧密型和松散型三种。紧密型农工一体化循环经济组织主要指由核心企业投资组成的在生态产业链条上的一组企业,它们之间是靠产权连接的,这一组企业可以是某企业独立投资形成的,也可以是核心企业控股,或者是核心企业参股的,这组企业也可以看成是核心企业的纵向一体化。半紧密型农工一体化循环经济组织指的是企业间通过合同连接,即农产品生产者与农产品加工者、农产品销售者三者之间,通过签订合同或订单,协调生态产业链条上企业间的合作关系,使农工商三者得以进行合作,以便增进并合理分享收益。松散型农工一体化循环经济组织是指企业间完全依靠市场交易方式连接,企业之间完全独立,合作和协调主要通过市场机制来进行。
农工一体化循环经济运作机制的构建是保证系统内物质循环、能量流动的有序性和实现信息共享的前提和保障。从系统内产业流程的运作程序来看,应涵盖合作伙伴的评价—选择机制、履约—监督机制、激励—约束机制、冲突—协调机制和信息共享机制等五个层面。其中,合作伙伴的评价—选择机制属于一种事前预防机制,履约—监督机制、激励—约束机制、信息共享机制属于一种事中执行机制,而冲突—协调机制则属于一种事后弥补机制。
农工一体化循环经济的核心是“循环”,即强调资源在社会再生产体系中各个环节的不断循环利用,因此,如何做到产业链内资源的网状化利用显得尤为重要。为此,农工一体化循环经济内部各节点企业资源都应按照协同方式进行整合,以增进系统的资源持有量；在资源协同整合的过程中,主要依赖于科技进步和高技术支撑；以高技术为支撑的农工一体化循环经济能够产生横向一体化的规模经济的效应、纵向一体化的范围经济效应和区域一体化的产业集群效应。
以高技术为支撑的农工一体化循环经济为我们提供了一种新的发展模式,在这一发展模式中,高新技术是推动循环经济发展的关键因素。同时,发展农工一体化循环经济并不单纯是技术的选择问题,也不是微观市场主体一厢情愿所能够做到的,它需要一系列相关条件来保障或满足,例如资源循环利用技术的成熟度及其适应性、资源供给的约束程度、生产规模的大小、产业的聚集程度以及政府职能的有效合理发挥等。
山东龙力生物科技有限公司构建以高技术为支撑的农工一体化的循环经济发展模式,经历了萌芽、初步形成和发展完善三个阶段。该公司循环经济产业的前端是玉米种植业,功能糖的工业化生产以及玉米芯废渣的再利用是公司循环经济的核心产业,它们和肥料还田工程共同构成了闭环的循环经济链。龙力公司以高技术为支撑的农工一体化循环经济发展模式,无缝连接了农业和工业,通过以玉米及玉米芯等农业资源的开发利用,延长了农业产业链条,同时以生物技术为手段,实现了对农业资源的综合性循环利用。
在山东龙力生物科技有限公司农工一体化的循环经济发展模式中,生物高技术起了关键的支撑作用。生物法制备木糖醇技术、玉米芯酶法制备低聚木糖技术、玉米芯废渣提取木质素技术和纤维乙醇生产技术等高技术的应用促成了该公司的循环经济产业链条。对生物技术酶解工业纤维废渣生产乙醇项目的资源与环境经济的具体分析证明了该公司以高技术为支撑的农工一体化循环经济实现了资源的充分利用和经济与环境的协调发展。
山东龙力生物科技有限公司运营管理与以高技术为支撑的农工一体化的循环经济发展高度契合。以打造“玉米全株产业链”为发展方向,以“生物炼制、绿色循环”为发展主线,以“绿色循环发展、健康成就未来”为核心理念,以“有限循环一体化、业务单元专业化”为发展原则,形成了科学的战略定位。同时,灵活高效的产学研合作提供的技术支撑,企业文化建设和人力资源管理的密切配合,共同促成了龙力公司有效的总体运营模式,并为公司赢得了竞争优势。
以高技术为支撑的农工一体化循环经济发展模式,带动了农业产业链和农业发展方式的转变,促进了农业集约化生产和规模化经营,推动了现代城镇经济发展模式的建立,这一发展模式为“三农”问题的解决、为推动农村城镇化建设与发展提供了有益的启示。
The developing direction of our country's rural society is to realize the commercialization of agricultural products, the industrialization of agriculture and the urbanization of rural areas. During these developing processes, in order to lead the circular economy development into rural and urban areas'economic development, one important aspect is how to link agricultural economy and industrial economy and build the agribusiness integration developing mode of circular economy, and this developing mode should based on high technology, only in this way can realize the sustainable development of rural and urban areas'economy. LongLi biotechnology limited company of Shandong province makes good use of local maize and corncob, by introducing and developing high and new biotechnology to product oligosaccharide, xylitol, polyxylose, and a variety of derivative products, and they recycle the waste residue as fuel to generate electricity or use them for cultivation, the waste residue could also be used as fertilizer, by this way, so this company developed a particular circular agribusiness economy developing mode which is based on high technology. Taking Longli biotechnology limited company of Shandong province as an example and to study the circular agribusiness economy developing mode, it has important practical value to solve the issues of agriculture farmer and rural areas, to build new villages and urban economy's developing mode and to accelerate the rural economy's sustainable development. At the same time, it will be useful to develop the theory of our country's agricultural circular economy and develop new research field.
In structure, this paper is made of ten chapters, and it could be divided into four sections. The first three chapters are theory analysis, firstly this paper introduces the reasons of selecting this research and the historical research backgrounds, and it also introduces the basic situation and standpoints, as well as the research contents, methods, the technical route and the innovations and the problems still to be studied. On this basis, this paper elaborated the related theories about agricultural circular economy, analyzed the form of the theory of circular economy, and this theory's operation mechanism, technical support and management structure, and this paper also discusses the necessities and feasibilities to develop the circular agribusiness economy, according to the characteristics of agriculture, this paper introduces the requirements, general mode and supporting systems. The fourth and fifth chapters are system analysis. This section researched the circular agribusiness economy as a whole thing, and it analyzed the high technology supporting system, and according to the form paradigm "factors-structure-function" of system theory, this section analyzed the element chain(resources, technology), structure chain(process) and function chain(value), which supporting the circular agribusiness economy, and this section also explore its management mode. The sixth, seventh and eighth chapters are demonstration. Taking Longli biotechnology limited company as an example, this part researched its developing process to realize circular agribusiness economy from the view of the industrial chain of circular economy, high technology systems and operation models. The ninth and tenth chapters are normative analysis, based on the former analysis; this part evaluated the value and effect of circular agribusiness and summarized the main research conclusion. Through this paper, we get these following conclusions:
From the meaning of circular agribusiness economy, it is started from agriculture and combine agriculture industrialization and industrial ecology, and it is a closing materials cycle and resources circulate which is moving according the regular pattern of natural ecology system and energy flow mode. Its characteristics are:①it is closed in agriculture and industry, and its staring point is the green plants to transform solar power into chemical energy, and it realized the use of power by the supporting of high technology.②The circular agribusiness economy combines agriculture industrialization and industrial ecology, and its goal is to use resources effectively and circularly, its principles are "3R (reduce, reusing, recycling)", so it extends agriculture's postpartum chain and combined with industrial ecology.③Circular agribusiness economy links different parts of agriculture and combines agriculture and industry, and formed a closed green supply chain.
From the view of organization, the circular agribusiness can be divided into close, half close and loose mode. Close circular agribusiness organization means several enterprises which is made up of core enterprises and in the ecology chain, they are linked by property right, the core enterprises could be formed by a company's independent investment and it also could be controlled by a core enterprise, or it is shared by a core company, or we may regard it as the core enterprise's vertical integration. Half close circular agribusiness organization refers to the companies which united by contract, specifically, it means that the agricultural producers, agricultural producers and produce sellers coordinate their relations by contract, so that increase and share profit. Loose circular agribusiness organization means that company deal their business independently, their cooperation and coordination are totally made by market mechanism.
From the view of operation safeguard mechanism, the form of operation mechanism of circular agribusiness is to guarantee the circulation of materials in system, the order of energy circulation, realize the share of information. From the view of operation procedure in system's industry process, it should contain partner's evaluation-choice mechanism, performance and supervision mechanism, incentive and restraint mechanisms, conflict coordination mechanism and information sharing mechanism. Partner's evaluation and choice mechanism is a kind of prevention system, performance and supervision mechanism, incentive and restraint mechanisms and information sharing mechanism are a kind of matter execution mechanism, and conflict coordination mechanism belongs to a kind of afterward remedy mechanism.
From the view of circular synergy, the core of circular agribusiness is "circular", it emphasizes the resources should be circular used in various links in social reproduction system, so it is important to make good use of resources; and the key is "resource", the link companies in circular agribusiness should be integrated according the contract, so that to enhance the holding of resources; Technology is security, its advantages are it could promote the transformation between science and achievements, so that to improve the efficiency of agricultural production and promote the progress of agricultural science and technology. Performance is the "effect", it include crosswise integration of the economies of scale effect, vertical integration of economies of scope and regional integration of industry cluster effect.
From the view of technology, the circular agribusiness economy which is based on high technology give us a new developing mode, therefore, to some extent, technology is the key point for the development of circular economy. However, it is not only a technical problem to develop circular agribusiness economy, and it can't be realized only by a microcosmic economic body, it need a system of conditions to guarantee. For example, the maturity and adaptability of using circular technology, the constraint degree of resource supply, the scale of production, the concentration degree of industry and the government's regulation to protect environment.
The development of circular agribusiness economy of Longli biotechnology limited companyof Shandong province underwent the form of germination, preliminary formation and perfection. The fore-end of this company's circular agribusiness economy is corn planting, the industrial production of functional sugar and the recycle of corncob, with the project of fertilizer back to field, and they formed the closed circular economy chain. This company's developing mode linked agriculture and industry perfectly, it realized resource's comprehensive use by the exploration of corn and corncob, extend of agricultural chain and biotechnology.
In the development of Longli biotechnology limited company's circular agribusiness economy, biotechnology is playing an important role. Some high technology in the process of production promoted Longli Company's circular economy industrial chain. The specific analysis about ethanol's production by industrial fiber waste with biotechnology proved that Longli Company realized the full use of resources and the environment's coordinated development.
The operation management of Longli biotechnology limited company of Shandong province totally agreed with the circular agribusiness economy which is based on high technology, directed by forming corn industrial chain, oriented by "green and circular ", centered by the theory of "circular development, healthy future", principled by "limited circulated circulation, specialized business unit ", in this way, this company realized the integration of production, education and research, the close cooperation between company culture development and human resources management, they formed Longli company's operation mode together and they gain the competitive advantages for the company.
Longli company's developing mode accelerate the transform of agriculture industrial chain and agricultural development mode, promote the Agricultural intensification production and scale management, as well as the establishment of modern agriculture industrial system, and this mode is useful to solve the issues of agriculture, farm and rural areas, it provide the beneficial revelation for the rural areas'urbanization and development, its developing experiences is worth learning and extending.
引文
①引自：循环、共生和可持续发展的价值观-《中国环境报》-2005-07-05
②复杂系统理论视野中的循环经济杨小军；郭玲；《科学管理研究》-2008-06-20
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②复杂系统理论视野中的循环经济杨小军；郭玲；《科学管理研究》-2008-06-20
①引自：“3R”原则指导下的农工一体化循环经济模式,生态经济,2005年第10期
①王鲁明,王军,徐少才.资源循环型农业理论的探索与实践[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2005(6)：27-30。
①林东升.玉米芯可以制备低聚木糖[M].农民日报,2001-05-10
①见《科学技术成果鉴定证书》,鉴字[教CW2001]第003号。成果名称：玉米芯酶法制备低聚木糖工业化生产的研制与开发。鉴定单位：教育部。
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