交通基础设施、要素流动与制造业区位
|
摘要
自改革开放以来,中国各地实现了不同程度的发展,但基于“新古典增长经济学”收敛假说(Barro and Xala-i-Martin,1995)的良好愿望至今没有实现,与之相对的是我国地区间差距的日益扩大,这对新古典增长理论提出了较为严峻的挑战。二十世纪九十年代兴起的新经济地理学由于引入了空间维度,在解释工业集聚和地区差距问题上相对于传统的经济学更具说服力。新经济地理学主张,要素流动与地区收入差距之间存在着内生性关系,地区差距在很大程度上归因于各地区工业发展的不平衡性(Krugman,1991;Baldwin et al.,2003),因此,作为地区工业发展平衡性主要标志的经济活动的空间分布问题再次引起广泛的关注。传统的区位理论和新经济地理学十分强调交通运输成本对经济活动空间分布的作用,将交通运输费用视为影响工业区位和要素流动最为重要的因素。然而,随着交通的不断改善和非物质性流动重要性的逐步提高,运输成本呈下降趋势。当交通基础设施存量达到一定水平时,运输成本在产业分布中的作用越来越小,依据Krugman的中心-外围模型,当运输成本降至极低时,产业分布由不可移动的生产要素决定。因此,单纯从运输成本的视角来研究交通基础设施对经济活动空间分布的影响不尽合理,理论上需要将交通基础设施作为一个独立变量,并以此来表征由交通基础设施存量改变引致的运输成本、土地租金、通勤成本以及通达性和网络性变化对经济活动空间分布的影响。然而,现有的研究大多将研究着眼点放在运输成本上,未将交通基础设施作为独立变量纳入到生产函数中,致使迄今为止仍缺乏较为完整的交通基础设施区位效应的理论分析框架。此外,有一部分研究虽然考虑了交通基础设施引致的土地等不可移动生产要素价格对经济活动空间分布的影响,但是这类研究对产业和要素空间依赖性却没有给予应有的重视。同时,上述两类文献通常是在工业品与农产品运输成本均为零,或者农产品的运输成本为零,或者劳动要素的通勤成本为零的假设前提下演绎而来的,这在本质上存在着对运输成本一定程度的忽略,也是导致其研究结论与客观现实不符的主要原因所在,这些均为论文的研究留下了广阔的拓展空间。
论文首先在迪克希勒-斯蒂格利茨分析框架下尝试性地将交通基础设施作为独立变量纳入到生产函数中,发展了包容新古典和新经济地理学特征的两地区两部门的一般均衡模型,将交通基础设施对产品的运输成本、要素的流动成本以及土地租金等空间成本的影响整合到新经济地理学模型的理论框架之中,并在此基础上分析交通基础设施对劳动力要素与地区差距的影响。由于资本和技术总可以折合成一定当量的劳动,因此,劳动力要素的流动机理也适合资本和技术要素的流动;其次,论文对交通基础设施的区位效应及其产生的机理作了分析;再次,论文构建了包含交通基础设施存量的资本流动模型来检验资本流动的影响因素、影响方向及其影响程度;同时,论文在对交通基础设施存量与技术溢出及制造业投资强度的空间依赖性检验的基础上,分别构建了相应的空间计量经济学模型,并以此来分析技术溢出与制造业区位选择的影响因素及影响程度;此外,论文分析并检验了要素流动对制造业区位选择产生的影响、要素流动与制造业区位对地区差距产生的影响,并从该视角对近年来中国交通投资政策的合理性做出评价。最后,在上述研究的基础上,提出基于要素流动与制造业区位的交通投资政策建议。
论文的研究发现:①运输成本对城乡收入差距具有双向影响,工业品的运输成本与城乡收入差距正相关,农产品的运输成本与之负相关;当农村人口占总人口的比重较大时,改善交通基础设施能促进劳动力要素的流动和缩小城乡之间的收入差距,但随着劳动力要素不断地向城市集聚并达到某一临界值时,改善交通基础设施对劳动力要素流动性的影响不再显著。②研究期内,我国各省域的交通基础设施存量与技术要素、制造业投资强度和制造业区位在空间分布上有很强的一致性。交通基础设施存量对所在区域的技术溢出和制造业选址具有正向促进作用,对所在区域资本要素的流出具有显著的抑制作用,交通基础设施是影响经济活动空间分布的重要因素。③要素流动能冲击本地市场效应和价格指数效应进而对制造业区位产生影响。通过冲击流入与流出地区的投资、产出与市场规模,对要素流入的地区产生正向影响,对其流出的地区产生负向影响,并最终影响制造业的空间分布。④由于交通基础设施能促进劳动力和技术要素的流入、抑制资本要素的流出和促进制造业选址到某个区域,因此,提高欠发达地区的交通基础设施水平能促进欠发达地区内生发展动力的增强,从而抑制欠发达地区因其要素和制造业进一步流向发达地区而导致的地区差距扩大化。⑤在过去一段时期内,我国的交通基础设施投资分配存在着严重的比例失衡,其投资主要集中在东中部地区,西部地区的交通投资严重欠缺,这将导致地区差距的进一步扩大。因此,中国要缩小地区差距,取得地区间的协调发展,交通基础设施投资应向西部欠发达地区和农村倾斜,着力提高这些地区交通投资的比重。
Since the reform and opening-up, development of different degrees has been realized throughout China. But good wishes based on the“new classical economics growth”convergence hypothesis (Barro and Xala-i-Martin, 1995) has not been realized yet. On the contrary, the gap between areas in China is widening, and it suggests a more serious challenge for new classical growth theory. Because of the introduction of spatial dimensions, new economic geography which raised in the 1990s is more convincing compared to the conventional economics in the interpretation of industrial agglomeration and regional gap. As the new economic geography claims that there is endogenous relation between factor mobility and regional income disparity, and it is the imbalance of industrial development that causes regional disparities on a large scale (Krugman, 1991; Baldwin et al., 2003), hence, the spatial distribution of economic activity has aroused widespread concern once again as a main reflection of regional industrial development balance. Traditional location theory and new economic geography emphasize on the role which transportation costs play in the spatial distribution of economic activities, meanwhile, transportation costs are believed to be the most significant factor that affect the factor mobility and industrial location. nonetheless, with the traffic flow continuously improved and the importance of non-material gradually increased, transportation costs declines at the meantime, transportation costs play a much smaller role in industrial distribution when the transportation infrastructure stock reaches a certain level, according to the Krugman’s core-periphery model, when the transportation costs reach an extremely low level, industry distribution will be decided by the non-mobile production factors. Therefore, it is not suitable to study how transportation infrastructure affects the distribution of economic activities only from the perspective of transportation costs. Transportation infrastructure should be seemed as an independent parameter, and as a sign to characterize how the change in transportation costs, land rent, commuting costs, accessibility and network affect the distribution of economic activities due to the change of transportation infrastructure. Nevertheless, majority of the contemporary scholars are focusing on the transportation costs, rather than putting transportation infrastructure into production function as an independent variable, which result in the lack of complete theoretical analysis framework in transportation infrastructure location effect hitherto. In addition, although some studies have take the change of the non-mobile production factors’prices into consideration, such as land will affect the distribution of economic activities as a consequence of the transportation infrastructure, the remarkable attention has not been giving to the spatial dependence of industries and factors. At the same time, these two types of literature above are usually based on the assumption that the transportation costs of industrial and agricultural products are zero, or the commuting costs of labor are zero, which in essence exists ignorance in transportation costs to a certain extent, the contradiction between reality and conclusion will be deduced under such assumption, on the other hand, these all left a wide space to develop for the study
Firstly, this article tentatively brought Transportation Infrastructure as the independent variable into the production function which based on the Dixit-Stiglitz analytical framework. It developed the general equilibrium model of two regions and two departments with the feature of Neo-classical Geography and New Economic Geography, and integrated the effect that transportation infrastructures caused to the products transportation costs, factors current cost and land rental, etc, space costs into the theoretical framework of New Economic Geography Model. Additionally, the article analyzed the impact that transportation infrastructures caused to the labor factor and regional difference. Because capitals and technologies can be converted into a certain equivalent labors, therefore, the fluidity mechanism of labor force element is suitable for the flow of capitals and technologies. Secondly, the article analyzed the regional effect of transportation infrastructures and the mechanism it produced. Thirdly, it established a Capital Movement Model which contains traffic infrastructures’cumulative amount, so as to test the influencing factors, influencing direction and degree of capital movement. Meanwhile, based on the test on the spatial dependency of traffic infrastructures’cumulative amount and technology spillover and manufacturing investment intensity, the article separately established relevant Spatial Econometrics Models and using the models to analyze the influence factors and degree of technology spillover and manufacturing regional selection. Besides, the article analyzed and tested the effect that factor flow caused to manufacturing regional selection, as well as what impact factor flow and manufacturing regional selection will have on regional differences; and from this perspective the paper made evaluation on the rationality of Chinese transportation investment policies in recent years. At last, on the base of above studies, the article proposed transportation investment policies which were based on factor flow and manufacturing region.
From this paper we can find that,①Transportation costs has a two-way impact on rural-urban income gap, in other words, industrial transport costs is positively correlated to rural-urban income gap while the costs is negatively correlated with it. When the rural population is larger than the urban population, the improvement of transportation infrastructure can promote the labor factor mobility and reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, but as the labor factor in urban continue to agglomerate to a critical value, the impact of improving transport infrastructure to labor factor’s mobility has no longer been significant.②During the researching period, the stock of the transportation infrastructure and technical elements have a strong consistency with manufacturing investment and location in the spatial distribution in every provincial domain in China. Stock of transportation infrastructure has a positive role in region's technology spillovers and manufacturing site, and is significantly inhibited to the region's capital outflow. So the transport infrastructure is an important factor that affects economic activities in spatial distribution.③Factor mobility can impact the local market and price index, and further impact Manufacturing Location. The impact of the region's investment, output and market size is positive to the areas with elements inflows, and negative to the ones with elements outflows, and ultimately affect the spatial distribution of the manufacturing sector.④As transportation infrastructure can promote the inflow of labor and technical factors, inhibit the outflow of capital elements and is good for the promotion of manufacturing site to a region, therefore, improving the level of transport infrastructure lagged behind within the region can enhance the endogenous development. Thus, it can inhibit the expansion of regional differentiation because of the flow of factors and manufacturing in less developed regions to developed ones in a further extent.⑤In the past period of time, there exists a serious imbalance in China's transportation infrastructure investment allocation. The transportation investment is mainly concentrated in eastern and central regions in China, while, the western region is serious deficiency which will lead to further expansion of regional disparities. Therefore, to reduce regional disparities in China to get the coordinated development between different regions, the direction of transport infrastructure investments should be tilted in the West and rural areas which have extremely low level of transport infrastructure, and invest more to the regions.
论文首先在迪克希勒-斯蒂格利茨分析框架下尝试性地将交通基础设施作为独立变量纳入到生产函数中,发展了包容新古典和新经济地理学特征的两地区两部门的一般均衡模型,将交通基础设施对产品的运输成本、要素的流动成本以及土地租金等空间成本的影响整合到新经济地理学模型的理论框架之中,并在此基础上分析交通基础设施对劳动力要素与地区差距的影响。由于资本和技术总可以折合成一定当量的劳动,因此,劳动力要素的流动机理也适合资本和技术要素的流动;其次,论文对交通基础设施的区位效应及其产生的机理作了分析;再次,论文构建了包含交通基础设施存量的资本流动模型来检验资本流动的影响因素、影响方向及其影响程度;同时,论文在对交通基础设施存量与技术溢出及制造业投资强度的空间依赖性检验的基础上,分别构建了相应的空间计量经济学模型,并以此来分析技术溢出与制造业区位选择的影响因素及影响程度;此外,论文分析并检验了要素流动对制造业区位选择产生的影响、要素流动与制造业区位对地区差距产生的影响,并从该视角对近年来中国交通投资政策的合理性做出评价。最后,在上述研究的基础上,提出基于要素流动与制造业区位的交通投资政策建议。
论文的研究发现:①运输成本对城乡收入差距具有双向影响,工业品的运输成本与城乡收入差距正相关,农产品的运输成本与之负相关;当农村人口占总人口的比重较大时,改善交通基础设施能促进劳动力要素的流动和缩小城乡之间的收入差距,但随着劳动力要素不断地向城市集聚并达到某一临界值时,改善交通基础设施对劳动力要素流动性的影响不再显著。②研究期内,我国各省域的交通基础设施存量与技术要素、制造业投资强度和制造业区位在空间分布上有很强的一致性。交通基础设施存量对所在区域的技术溢出和制造业选址具有正向促进作用,对所在区域资本要素的流出具有显著的抑制作用,交通基础设施是影响经济活动空间分布的重要因素。③要素流动能冲击本地市场效应和价格指数效应进而对制造业区位产生影响。通过冲击流入与流出地区的投资、产出与市场规模,对要素流入的地区产生正向影响,对其流出的地区产生负向影响,并最终影响制造业的空间分布。④由于交通基础设施能促进劳动力和技术要素的流入、抑制资本要素的流出和促进制造业选址到某个区域,因此,提高欠发达地区的交通基础设施水平能促进欠发达地区内生发展动力的增强,从而抑制欠发达地区因其要素和制造业进一步流向发达地区而导致的地区差距扩大化。⑤在过去一段时期内,我国的交通基础设施投资分配存在着严重的比例失衡,其投资主要集中在东中部地区,西部地区的交通投资严重欠缺,这将导致地区差距的进一步扩大。因此,中国要缩小地区差距,取得地区间的协调发展,交通基础设施投资应向西部欠发达地区和农村倾斜,着力提高这些地区交通投资的比重。
Since the reform and opening-up, development of different degrees has been realized throughout China. But good wishes based on the“new classical economics growth”convergence hypothesis (Barro and Xala-i-Martin, 1995) has not been realized yet. On the contrary, the gap between areas in China is widening, and it suggests a more serious challenge for new classical growth theory. Because of the introduction of spatial dimensions, new economic geography which raised in the 1990s is more convincing compared to the conventional economics in the interpretation of industrial agglomeration and regional gap. As the new economic geography claims that there is endogenous relation between factor mobility and regional income disparity, and it is the imbalance of industrial development that causes regional disparities on a large scale (Krugman, 1991; Baldwin et al., 2003), hence, the spatial distribution of economic activity has aroused widespread concern once again as a main reflection of regional industrial development balance. Traditional location theory and new economic geography emphasize on the role which transportation costs play in the spatial distribution of economic activities, meanwhile, transportation costs are believed to be the most significant factor that affect the factor mobility and industrial location. nonetheless, with the traffic flow continuously improved and the importance of non-material gradually increased, transportation costs declines at the meantime, transportation costs play a much smaller role in industrial distribution when the transportation infrastructure stock reaches a certain level, according to the Krugman’s core-periphery model, when the transportation costs reach an extremely low level, industry distribution will be decided by the non-mobile production factors. Therefore, it is not suitable to study how transportation infrastructure affects the distribution of economic activities only from the perspective of transportation costs. Transportation infrastructure should be seemed as an independent parameter, and as a sign to characterize how the change in transportation costs, land rent, commuting costs, accessibility and network affect the distribution of economic activities due to the change of transportation infrastructure. Nevertheless, majority of the contemporary scholars are focusing on the transportation costs, rather than putting transportation infrastructure into production function as an independent variable, which result in the lack of complete theoretical analysis framework in transportation infrastructure location effect hitherto. In addition, although some studies have take the change of the non-mobile production factors’prices into consideration, such as land will affect the distribution of economic activities as a consequence of the transportation infrastructure, the remarkable attention has not been giving to the spatial dependence of industries and factors. At the same time, these two types of literature above are usually based on the assumption that the transportation costs of industrial and agricultural products are zero, or the commuting costs of labor are zero, which in essence exists ignorance in transportation costs to a certain extent, the contradiction between reality and conclusion will be deduced under such assumption, on the other hand, these all left a wide space to develop for the study
Firstly, this article tentatively brought Transportation Infrastructure as the independent variable into the production function which based on the Dixit-Stiglitz analytical framework. It developed the general equilibrium model of two regions and two departments with the feature of Neo-classical Geography and New Economic Geography, and integrated the effect that transportation infrastructures caused to the products transportation costs, factors current cost and land rental, etc, space costs into the theoretical framework of New Economic Geography Model. Additionally, the article analyzed the impact that transportation infrastructures caused to the labor factor and regional difference. Because capitals and technologies can be converted into a certain equivalent labors, therefore, the fluidity mechanism of labor force element is suitable for the flow of capitals and technologies. Secondly, the article analyzed the regional effect of transportation infrastructures and the mechanism it produced. Thirdly, it established a Capital Movement Model which contains traffic infrastructures’cumulative amount, so as to test the influencing factors, influencing direction and degree of capital movement. Meanwhile, based on the test on the spatial dependency of traffic infrastructures’cumulative amount and technology spillover and manufacturing investment intensity, the article separately established relevant Spatial Econometrics Models and using the models to analyze the influence factors and degree of technology spillover and manufacturing regional selection. Besides, the article analyzed and tested the effect that factor flow caused to manufacturing regional selection, as well as what impact factor flow and manufacturing regional selection will have on regional differences; and from this perspective the paper made evaluation on the rationality of Chinese transportation investment policies in recent years. At last, on the base of above studies, the article proposed transportation investment policies which were based on factor flow and manufacturing region.
From this paper we can find that,①Transportation costs has a two-way impact on rural-urban income gap, in other words, industrial transport costs is positively correlated to rural-urban income gap while the costs is negatively correlated with it. When the rural population is larger than the urban population, the improvement of transportation infrastructure can promote the labor factor mobility and reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, but as the labor factor in urban continue to agglomerate to a critical value, the impact of improving transport infrastructure to labor factor’s mobility has no longer been significant.②During the researching period, the stock of the transportation infrastructure and technical elements have a strong consistency with manufacturing investment and location in the spatial distribution in every provincial domain in China. Stock of transportation infrastructure has a positive role in region's technology spillovers and manufacturing site, and is significantly inhibited to the region's capital outflow. So the transport infrastructure is an important factor that affects economic activities in spatial distribution.③Factor mobility can impact the local market and price index, and further impact Manufacturing Location. The impact of the region's investment, output and market size is positive to the areas with elements inflows, and negative to the ones with elements outflows, and ultimately affect the spatial distribution of the manufacturing sector.④As transportation infrastructure can promote the inflow of labor and technical factors, inhibit the outflow of capital elements and is good for the promotion of manufacturing site to a region, therefore, improving the level of transport infrastructure lagged behind within the region can enhance the endogenous development. Thus, it can inhibit the expansion of regional differentiation because of the flow of factors and manufacturing in less developed regions to developed ones in a further extent.⑤In the past period of time, there exists a serious imbalance in China's transportation infrastructure investment allocation. The transportation investment is mainly concentrated in eastern and central regions in China, while, the western region is serious deficiency which will lead to further expansion of regional disparities. Therefore, to reduce regional disparities in China to get the coordinated development between different regions, the direction of transport infrastructure investments should be tilted in the West and rural areas which have extremely low level of transport infrastructure, and invest more to the regions.
引文
①Smith D M. A Theoretical Framework for Geographical Studies of Industrial Location[J].Economic Geography,1966,142:86-113; Smith. D M. Industrical location: an economic geographical analysis[M]. New York:John Wiley & Sons, 1971.
②这一理论由英国地理学家劳斯顿(E.M.Rawstron,1958)首创,后由史密斯进一步发展成为系统的区位理论。参见:魏后凯等.现代区域经济学[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2006.
①PRED A. Behaviour and location: foundations for a geographic and dynamic location theory,part I[M]. Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup,1967.
①俞坤一.新经济地理学[M].北京:中国商业出版社,2003.
①世界银行.《1994年世界银行发展报告:为发展提供基础设施》.北京:中国财政经济出版社,1994.
①见肯尼思·巴顿的运输经济学,北京:商务印书馆,2001。
安虎森. 2005.空间经济学原理[M].北京:经济科学出版社.
白重恩,谢长泰,钱颖一. 2007.中国的资本回报率[M].比较第二十八辑,中信出版社.
彼德·尼茨坎普主编,安虎森等译. 2001.区域和城市经济学手册(第一卷)[M].经济科学出版社.
蔡昉. 1996.劳动力迁移和流动的经济学分析[J].中国社会科学季刊,33:120-135.
蔡昉等. 2005.中国劳动力市场转型与发育[M].北京:商务印书馆.
陈良文,杨开忠. 2007.集聚与分散:新经济地理学模型与城市内容空间结构、外部规模经济效应的整合研究[J].经济学季刊,7(1):1011-1039.
陈刚,陈红儿. 2001.区际产业转移理论探微[J].贵州社会科学, 4:2-6.
陈静云. 2009.区域综合交通网络通达性研究[D].北京交通大学硕士论文.
丁琪琳荣朝和. 2006.交通区位思想评介及交通区位论的新进展[J].综合运输,5:12-17.
董晓霞,黄季焜,Scott Rozelle,王红林. 2006.地理区位、交通基础设施与种植业结构调整研究[J].管理世界,9:59-63,79.
范剑勇. 2004a.产业集聚与地区差距:来自中国的证据.中国社会科学评论第一卷[M].法律出版社.
范剑勇. 2004b.市场一体化、地区专业化与产业集聚趋势——兼谈对地区差距的影响[J].中国社会科学,6:39-51.
范剑勇. 2008.产业结构失衡、空间集聚与中国地区差距变化[J].上海经济研究, 2:3-13.
符淼. 2009.地理距离和技术外溢效应―对技术和经济集聚现象的空间计量学解释[J].经济学季刊,9(3):1549-1566.
傅家骥. 1992.技术创新――中国企业发展之路[M].企业管理出版社.
管楚度. 2000.交通区位论及应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社.
顾朝林. 2002.“新经济地理学”和“地理经济学”——兼论西方经济学与地理学融合的新趋向[J].地理科学,22:129-135.
郭金龙,王宏伟. 2003.中国区域间资本流动与区域经济差异研究[J].管理世界,7:45-58.
何雄浪,李国平. 2007.专业化产业集聚、空间成本与区域工业化[J].经济学季刊,6(4):1021-1040.
金煜,陈钊,陆铭. 2006.中国的地区工业集聚:经济地理、新经济地理与经济政策[J].经济研究,4:79-89.
金相郁. 2004. 20世纪区位理论的五个发展阶段及其评述[J].经济地理,24(3):294-298.
康凯. 2004.技术创新扩散与模型[M].天津大学出版社.
肯尼思·巴顿.冯宗宪译. 2001.运输经济学(第二版)[M].上海:商务印书馆.
李国平,范红忠. 2003.生产集中、人口分布于地区经济差异[J].经济研究,11:79-86.
李海东. 2004.高速公路经济论[D].四川大学博士论文.
李小平,陈勇. 2007.劳动力流动、资本转移和生产率增长——对中国工业“结构红利假说”的实证检验[J].统计研究,24(7):22-28.
李小建. 2002.经济地理学近期研究的一个新方向分析[J].经济地理,22:129-133.
李小建. 2006.经济地理学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
李群. 2006.基于资源流动的区域经济发展研究[D].西北工业大学博士论文.
林理升,王晔倩. 2006.运输成本、劳动力流动与制造业区域分布[J].经济研究,3:115-125.
杜肯堂,戴士根. 2004.区域经济管理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
林毅夫,蔡昉,李周. 1994.中国的奇迹:发展战略与经济改革[M].上海:上海三联书店、上海人民出版社.
吕卫国,陈雯. 2009.制造业企业区位选择与南京城市空间重构[J].地理研究,64(2):142-152.
刘斌. 2009.交通运输基础设施投资与中长期规划[EB/oL].国家发改委综合运输研究所.
路江涌,陶志刚. 2007.我国制造业区域集聚程度决定因素的研究[J].经济学(季刊),6(3):801-801.
曼昆. 2009.经济学原理(第四版)[M].北京:北京大学出版社.
栾贵勤. 2008.区域经济学[M].清华大学出版社.
任俊生. 2002.论准公共品的本质特征和范围变化[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,5:54-59.
荣朝和等. 2006.交通规划的综合框架与方法[A].北京:中国科学技术出版社.
杉山武彦. 2008.战后日本交通基础设施发展与地区间收入差距问题研究[J].日本研究,3:13-16.
单豪杰,师博. 2008.中国工业部门的资本回报率:1978-2006[J].产业经济研究,6:1-9.
单豪杰. 2008.中国资本存量K的再估算:1952-2006[J].数量经济技术经济研究, 10:17-31.
沈越,鱼金涛. 1989.国际技术转移概论[M].中国财政经济出版社.
舒元,才国伟. 2007.我国省际技术进步及其空间扩散分析[J].经济研究, 6:106-118.
藤田昌久,克鲁格曼等著. 2005.梁琦译:空间经济学:城市、区域与国际贸易[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社.
王春超. 2005.收入差异、流动性与地区就业集聚—基于农村劳动力转移的实证研究[J].中国农村观察,1:10-17.
王铮,邓悦等. 2002.理论经济地理学[M].北京:科学出版社.
王先进. 2004.国外对公路交通基础设施属性的认识及其战略和政策体现[J].中外公路,5:117-120.
吴传清. 2008.区域经济学原理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社.
魏后凯. 2006.现代区域经济学[M].北京:经济管理出版社.
韦伯. 1997.工业区位论[M].北京:商务印书馆.
吴玉鸣,何建坤. 2008.研发溢出、区域创新集群成因的空间计量经济分析[J].管理科学学报, 11(4):59-66.
夏万军. 2008.技术扩散与我国区域经济收敛性研究[D].首都经济贸易大学博士论文.
许召元,李善同. 2008.区域间劳动力迁移对经济增长和地区差距的影响[J].数量经济技术经济研究, 2:38-52.
谢燮,杨开忠. 2004.新经济地理学诞生的理论基石[J].当代经济科学, 26(4):53-57.
徐科. 2007.交通基础设施项目后评价研究[D].重庆大学硕士论文.
亚当·斯密著. 1972.郭大力,王亚南译:国民财富的性质和原因的研究(第1版)[M].商务印书馆.
严浩坤. 2008.中国跨区域资本流动:理论分析与实证研究[D].浙江大学.
严勰,刘毅,陈吉宁,吴洪斌. 2009.道路交通系统对区域工业布局的影响[J].经济地理,29(5):746-751.
杨家文,周一星. 1999.通达性:概念,度量及应用[J].地理学与国土研究, 15(2):61-66.
杨立波,刘小明. 2006.交通基础设施及其效率研究[J].道路交通与安全, 6(6):10-13.
姚枝仲,周素芳. 2003.劳动力流动与地区差距[J].世界经济, 4:35-44.
姚影. 2009.城市交通基础设施对城市集聚与扩展的影响机理研究[D].北京交通大学博士论文.
殷德生,唐海燕. 2007.中国制造业集聚的决定因素与变动趋势——基于三大经济圈的实证分析[J].世界经济研究,12:3-9.
俞坤一. 2003.新经济地理学[M].北京:中国商业出版社.
曾刚,袁莉莉. 1999.长江三角洲技术扩散规律及其对策初探[J].人文地理,1:1-5.
曾刚. 2002.技术扩散与区域经济发展[J].地域研究与开发,9:38-41.
张华,贺灿飞. 2007.区位通达性与在京外资企业的区位选择[J].地理研究, 26(5):984-1040.
张镝;吴利华. 2008.我国交通基础设施建设与经济增长关系实证研究[J].工业技术经济,8:87-90.
张培刚.1984. (Chang Pei-kang,1949).Agriculture and Industrialization, Harvard University Press[M].中译本《农业与工业化》,华中工学院出版社.
赵伟,李芬. 2007.异质性劳动力流动与区域收入差距:新经济地理学模型的扩展分析[J].中国人口科学,1:27-35.
赵伟,张萃. 2009.市场一体化与中国制造业区域集聚变化趋势[J].数量经济与技术经济研究, 2:18-32.
邹璇. 2009.要素流动、产业转移与经济增长[D].南开大学博士论文.
Acs, Z. & A. Varga., 2002. Geography, endogenous growth and innovation[J].International Regional Science Review, 26(2):153-66.
Adam Jaffe., 2002. Building Programme Evaluation into the Design of Public Research-Support Programmes[J]. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 18, (1): 22-34.
Alonson, W., 1964. Location and Land Use[M].Cambridge,Massachusetts:Harvard University Press. Amiti,M, 1998. New Trade Theories and Industrial Location in the EU:A Survey of Evidence[J]. Oxford Review of Economic Policy,14(2):45-53.
Anselin L., 1988. Spatial Econometrics:Methods and Models[M].Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Arrow, K., 1962. The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing[J]. Review of Economic Studies, 29(3):155-173.
Arthur, W., 1989. Brian Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In by Historical Events[J].Economic Journal, 97:642-665.
Arthur, W. B., 1994. Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy[M]. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Arthur O'Sullivan., 2000. Urban Economics (4th Edition)[M]. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Audretsch, D. B. and M. P. Feldman., 1996. R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production[J]. American Economic Review, 86(4):253-273.
Audretsch, D. B. and M. P. Feldman., 2004. Knowledge Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation [A]. Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics [M].Volume Amsterdam: Elsevier. Baldwin, R. E., 1999. Agglomeration and endogenous capital[J].European Economic Review, 43: 253-280.
Baldwin R., Forslid R., Martin P., 2003. Ottaviano G., and Robert-Nicoud F. Economic Geography and Public Policy[M]. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford.
Baranes, E. and Tropeano, J.-P., 2003. Why Are Technological Spillovers Spatially Bounded? A Market Oriented Approach[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,33(4):445-466.
Barro, Robert J. and Xavier Sala-I-Martin., 1995. Economic Growth[M]. McGraw-Hill.
Becattini G., 1979. Dal Settore Industriale al Distretto Industrial e. Alcune Considerazioni di Indagine Dell'economia Industriale[J]. Revista di Economia a Politica Industriale number, 2:7-21.
Bertola G., 1993. Models of economic integration and localized growth[A].in Torres, F. and Giavassi, F.(eds.),Adjustment and Growth in European[M]. Monetary Union,Cambridge,Cambridge University Press.
Boarnet, M.G.,1998. Spillovers and the locational effects of public infrastructure[J]. Journal of Regional Science,38,3:381-400.
Capello R., 1999. Spatial Transfer of Knowledge in Hi-Tech Milieux: Learning Versus Collective Learning Progress[J]. Regional Studies, 33(4):352-365.
Chandra, A., Thompson, E., 2000. Does public infrastructure affect economic activity? Evidence from the rural interstate highway system[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,30, (4):457-490.
Christaller, Walter., 1966. Die zentralen Orte in Suddeutschland[M]. Jena:Gustav Fischer,1933.(Translated in part) by Charlisle W. Baskin, as Central Places in Southern Germany.Prentice Hall.
Christaller, Walter., 1972. How I discovered the Theory of Central Places: A Report about the Origin of Central Places[M]. in:English, P. W. and R. C. Mayfield, eds., Man Space and Environment. Oxford Univ. Press, 6:601-610.
Cohen,J.P., Morrison Paul, C.J., 2007. The Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure on Property Values: A Higher-Order Spatial Econometrics Approach[J]..Journal of Regional Science, 47(3):457-478.
Colin Clark., 1940. The conditions of economic progress[M]. London: Macmillan.
Crozet, Matthieu., 2004. Do migrants follow market potentials? An estimation of a new economic geography model[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 4:439-458.
Dale W. Jorgenson., 1961. The Development of a Dual Economy[J]. Economic Journal, 71(6):309-334.
David R Audretsch, Maryann P, 2004. Fledman. Knowledge Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation,http://www.econ.brown.edu.Handbook of Regional and Urban Economies, 4:2063-3073.
David Banister, Joseph Berechman., 2000. Transport investment and economic development[M]. London:UCL Press.
Davis, DR, Weinstein, D., 1999. Economic geography and regional production structure: An empirical Investigation[J]. European Economic Review, 43(2):379-407.
Dicken, P. and P. Lloyd., 1990. Location in Space: Theoretical Perspectives in Economic Geography[M]. 3rd ed. New York: Harper Collins.
Dixit A., Stiglitz J., 1977. Monopolistic competition and optimum product diversity[J].American Economic Review, 67:297-308.
Englmann F.C. and U. Walz., 1995. Industrial Centers and Regional Growth in the Presence of Local Inputs[J]. Journal of Regional Science, 35: 3-27.
Feldstan Martin and Horioka Charles., 1980. Domestic saving and international capital flow[J].The Economic Jornal, 90:316-329.
Fernald, John. G., 1999. Roads to Prosperity? Assessing the Link between Public Capital and Productivity[J].American Economic Review, 89(3): 619-638.
Fetter, Frank A. Economic Law of Market Areas[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics.1924, 38:520-529.
Florax R.J.G.M. and P. Nijkamp., 2003. Misspecification in linear spatial regression models. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper. TI 2003,081/3.
Fujita, M., 1988. A monopolistic competition model of spatial agglomeration: a differentiated product approach[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 18:87-124.
Fujita, M., Krugman, P. R. and Venables, A. J., 1999. The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions and International Trade[M]. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Fujita, M. and Thisse, J.F., 2002. Economics of Agglomeration: Cities, Industrial Location, and Regional Growth[M]. Cambridge University Press.
Fujita, M., J. V. Henderson, Y. Kanemoto & T. Mori, 2003. Spatial Distribution of Economic Activities in Japan and China[J]. Handbook of Urban and Regional Economics, to be published, 49-95.
Fujita,M. and Krugman.P., 2004. The New Economic Geography. Past, Present and the Future[J]. Papers in Regional Science, 83:139-164.
Fujiki, Hiroshi and Yukinobu Kitamura., 1995. Feldstein-horioka paradox revisited[J]. Bank of Japan, Monetary and Economic Studies, 13(1):1-16.
Geroski, P. A., 2000. Models of technology diffusion[J]. Research Policy, 29(4-5):603-625.
Grilliches, Z., 1979. Issues in Assessing t he Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth[J].Bell Journal of Economics,10(1):92-116.
Haig, R.M., 1926. Toward an Understanding of the Metropolis[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 40: 179-208.
Hansen W G., 1959. How accessibility shapes land use[J]. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25: 73-76.
Harris C.D.,1954. The market as a factor in the localization of industry in the United States[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 44: 315-348.
Harrison B., l994. Why Large Corporation Will Continue to Dominate the Global Economy[M]. New York:The Guilford Press.
Haughwout A.F., 1998. Aggregate Production Functions, Interregional Equilibrium, and the Measurement of Infrastructure Productivity[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 44(2):216-227.
Hayter, R., 1997. The Dynamics of Industrial Location: The Factory, the Firm and the Production System[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Helpman and Krugman.,1985. Market Structure and Foreign Trade[M]. MIT Press. Course Outline. Henderson, J. Vernon., Zmarak Shalizi and Anthony J. Venables. 2001. Geography and Development[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 1: 81-105.
Holl,A., 2004a. Manufacturing Location and Impacts of Road Transport Infrastructure: Empirical Evidence from Spain[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 34 (3):341-363.
Holl,A., 2004b. Start-Ups and Relocations: Manufacturing Plant Location in Portugal[J]. Papers inRegional Science, 83(4):649-668.
Holl, A., 2004c. Transport Infrastructure,Agglomeration Economies,and Firm Birth: Empirical Evidence from Portugal[J]. Journal of Regional Science, 44(4):693-712.
Holtz-Eakin, D., Schwartz, A.M., 1995. Spatial productivity spillovers from public infrastructure: evidence from state highways[J].International Tax and Public Finance,2,(3):459-468.
Hoover, E.M., 1936. The measurement of Industrial Location[J].Review of Economics and Statistics, 18(4):162-171.
Hoover, E. M., 1948. The Location of Economic Activity[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill. Isard, W., 1956. Location and Space-Economy[M]. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Isard, Walter., 1949. The General Theory of Location and Space-Economy[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics LXIII.
Jaffe, A, M. Trajtenberg and R.Henderson., 1993. Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidence by patencitations[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,108:577-598.
Jaffe, A, M., 2001. Reinventing public r&d: patent policy and the commercialization of national laboratory technologies[J]. The RAND Journal of Economics,32(1):167-199.
Johnson D.G., 2002. Have the Urban-rural Income Disparities Increased Since 1978 in China(?)[J]. Paper No. 01-05, Office of Agricultural Economics Research, University of Chicago. Published (in Chinese) in China Economic Quarterly,1(3):553-562.
Johnston R J., 1994. Dictionary of human geography, 3 rd edition[M]. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Keeble, D., Offord, J., and Walker, S., 1986. Peripheral Regions in a Community of Twelve Member States [M]. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities.
Keller.W., 2002. Geographic Localization of International Technology Diffusion[J]. American Economic Review, 92(1):120-142.
Kevin Honglin ZHANGa, Shunfeng SONG., 2003. Rural-urban migration and urbanization in China: Evidence from time series and cross section analyses[J].China Economic Review, 14:386-400. Kilkenny, Maureen., 1998. Transport Costs and Rural Development[J]. Journal of Regional Science, 38(2):293-312.
Klaus Wersching., 2005. Innovation and knowledge spillover with geographical and technological distance in an agent based simulation model[DB].Discussion Paper. Kokko, A., 1994. Technology, Market Characteristics, and Spillovers[J]. Journal of Development Economics,43(2):279-293.
Krugman P., 1991a. Increasing Returns and Economic Geography[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 99(3):483-499.
Krugman P., 1991b. History and Industry Location: The Case of the US Manufacturing Be1t[J].American Economic Review, 81:80-83.
Krugman, P., 1991c. Geography and Trade[M]. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Krugman, P., 1991d. Geography and Trade[M]. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Krugman PR., 1995. Development, geography, and economic theory[M]. Ohlin lectures. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Krugman P, Venables A., 1996. Integration, specialization and adjustment[J]. European Economic Review, 40:959-967.
Krugman PR., 1998. What’s new about the new economic geography[J]. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 14:7-17
Lanaspa LF, Sanz F., 2001. Multiple equilibria, stability, and asymmetries in Krugman’s Crafts N, Venables A. Globalization in History: a Geographical Perspective. CEPR Discussion Papers, No. 3079.
Launhardt, W. The Principles of Railway Location[M](.part I, The Theory of the Trace; part II, 1902, The Technical Tracing of Railroads),translated by A. Bewley, Lawrence Asylum Press: Madras,1900-1902.
Launhardt, Wilhelm., 1885. Mathematische Begruendung der Volkswirtschaftslehre[M]. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner.
Lewis W.A., 1954. Economic development with unlimitedsupplies of labor[J].manchester school of Economicand Social Studies,22:139-191.
Lin, J.Y.,Wang,Gewei, Zhao,Y.H., 2004. Regional Inequality and Labor Transfers in China[J]. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 52(3):587-603.
Losch A., 1939. The Economics of Location[M]. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. Lucas, Robert E., 1988. Money demand in the United States: A quantitative review[J]. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 29(1):137-167.
Mamata Parhi., 2008. Impact of Changing Facets of Inter-firm Interactions on Manufacturing Excellence: A Social Network Perspective of Indian Automotive Industry. Working Papers of BETA 2008-08, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
Mano, Y., and Otsuka, K., 2000. A g glomeration Economies and Geographical Concentration of Industries: A Case Study of Manufacturing Sectors in Postwar Japan[J].Journal of the Japanese and International Economies,14:189-203.
Marshall, Alfred., 1916/(1890). Principles of Economics 7th ed.[M]. London: Macmillan and Co. Martin, P., Rogers, C.A., 1995. Industrial location and public infrastructure[J]. Journal of International Economics, 39( 3-4):335-351.
Martin R. and Sunley P., 1996. Paul Krugmari’s Geographical Economics and Its Implications forRegional Development Theory: a Critical Assessment[J]. Economic Geography, 72(3):259-292.
Martin, P and G. Ottaviano., 1999. Growing Locations: Industry in a Model of Endogenous Growth[J]. European Economic Review, 43:281-302.
Martin, P. and G. Ottaviano, 2001. Growth and Agglomeration[J]. International Economic Review, 42(4): 947-968.
Massey D., 1977. Industrial Location Theory Reconsidered[M].Open Univesity. Milton Keynes.
Massey D., 1984. Introducdon:Geography Mstters . in Doreen Massey and John Allen, eds.Geography rnatters! A readers[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
McKinnon, A. Physical distribution systems[M]. Routledge. London, 1989.
Michael P. Todaro A., 1969. Model of Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment in Less Development Countries[J].American economic review, 59:138-148.
Mills, Edwin S., 1967. An Aggregative Model of Resource Allocation in a Metropolitan Area[J].American Economic Review, May, 57(2):197-210.
Modelski., 1978. The Long Cycle of Clobal Politics and the Nationstate[J].Comparative Studies in Society and History,20:214-235.
Mohring, H., Williamson, H. F., 1969. Scale and Industrial reorganization economies of transport improvements[J]. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 3(3):251-271.
Moreno , R. , R. Paci , and S. Usai., 2004. Spatial Spillovers and Innovation Activity in European Regions[J]. ERSA conference Papers.
Moses, L.N., 1962. Income, Leisure, and Wage Pressure[J].Economic Journal, 72(286):320-334.
Moses Abramovitz., 1986. Catching up, forging ahead, and falling behind. The journal of economic history[J]. The tasks of Economic History, 46(2):385-406.
Myrdal , G., 1957. Economic Theory and Under Developed Regions[J].London:Duckworth.
Nelson, R. & E. Phelps., 1966. Investment in humans, technological diffusion, and economic growth[J].American Economic Review,56(1/2):65-75.
North, Douglass C., 1995. New Institutional Economics and Development of Government Ownership[M].New York: Oxford University Press.
Overman, H. G., Redding, S. and Venables, A. J., 2004. The economic geography of trade, production and income: A survey of the empirics, in E. K. Choi and J. Harrigan (eds), Handbook of International Trade[M]. Basil Blackwell, London,1: 353-387.
Ottaviano, G. I. P., Tabuchi, T. and Thisse, J.-F., 2002. Agglomeration and Trade Revisited[J]. International Economic Review, 43(2):409-435.
Park SO and Markusen A., 1995. Generalizing New Industrial Districts: a Theoretical Agenda and an Application from an Non-Western Economy[J]. Environment and Planning A, 27:84-104.
Patricia C. Melo, Daniel J. Graham, Robert B. Noland., 2008. Firm Formation and Transport Infranstructure: A Study of Portugal[C]. Transportation Research Board 87th Annual Meeting,Washington, DC., 1:13-17.
Piorem and Sabel, 1984. The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity[M].New York: Basic Books.
Pirie G H., 1979. Measuring accessibility:a review and proposal[J].Environment and Planning, 11: 299-312.
Porter, M., 1990. Competitive Advantage of Nations[M]. Free Press, New York.
Pred A., 1967. Behaviour and Location: Foundations for a Geographic and Dynamic Location Theory(1)[M].Lund:C.W.K.Gleerup.
Puga D., 1999. The rise and fall of regional inequalities[J].European Economic Review,43(2): 303-334.
Rappaport, Jordan, 2005. How does labor mobility affect income convergence[J].Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,29(3):567-581.
Reilly W J., 1931. The Law of Retail Gravitation[M]. Knickerbocker Press. Ricci L A., 1999. Economic geography and comparative advantage: Agglomeration versus specialization[J]. European Economic Review, 43(2): 357-377.
Robert Estall., 1972. A Modern Geography of the United States: Aspects of. Life and Economy[J]. Penguin Books.
Robert J. Barro; N. Gregory Mankiw, Xavier Sala-I-Martin., 1995. Capital mobility in neoclassical models of growth[J]. The American Economic Review,85(1):103-115.
Rogers. E. M., 1983. Diffusion of Innovations[J]. NY:Free Press, New York. Romer P., 1990. Endogenous Technological Change[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 98:71-102.
Samuelson,P.A., 1952. The transfer problem and transport costs: The terms of trade when impediments are absent[J].Economic Journal,62:278-304.
Sanchez-Robles, B. 1998. Infrastructure Investment and Growth: Some Empirical Evidence[J]. Contemporary Economic Policy,16:98-108.
Saxenian A., 1994. Regional Advantage. Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128[M].Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA.
Shioji, E., 2001. Public capital and economic growth: a convergence approach[J].Journal of Economic Growth, 6 (3),205-27.
Smith D M. A., 1966. Theoretical Framework for Geographical Studies of Industrial Location[J]. Economic Geography, 142: 86-113.
Smith. D M., 1971. Industrical location: an economic geographical analysis[M]. New York:JohnWiley & Sons.
Stafford, H.A., 1983. The Effects of Environmental Regulations on Industrial Location, Working Paper, University of Cincinnati.
Storper M., 1989. The Transition to Flexible Specialization in Industry: External Economies, the Division of Labor and the Crossing of Industrial Divides[J]. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 13: 273-305.
Tabuchi, T., 1998. Urban Agglomeration and Dispersion: A Synthesis of Alonso and Krugman[J]. Journal of Urban Economics,44(3):333-351.
Taylor, Alan M. and Jeffrey G. Williamson., 1997. Convergence in the Age of Mass Migration[J]. European Review of Economic History, 1:27-63.
Thomson, J.M., 1974. Modern Transport Economics[M]. Harmondsworth: Penguin Education.
von Thünen J.H., 1966. Der Isolierte staat, 2nd edit[M]. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart.
van Es, J. and Ruijgrok. CJ., 1974. Modal choice in freight transport[J].in EJ Visser (ed.). Transport Decisions in an Age of Uncertainty.
Walz U., 1996. Transport Cost, Intermediate Good, and Localized Growth[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 26:671-695.
Weber, Alfred., 1929. (translated by Carl J. Friedrich from Weber's 1909 book).Theory of the Location of Industries[M]. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Webber, M., 1987. Rates of Profit and Interregional Flows of Capital[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 77: 63-75.
Weber, A., 1929. Theory of the Location of Industry[M]. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
WU, Z and SHUJIE, YAO., 2003. Inter-migration and Intra-migration in China, a Theoretical and Empirical Analysis[J].China Economic Review, 14:371-385.
Venables, A. J., 1996. Equilibrium Locations of Vertically linked Industries[J].International Economic Review, 37(2):341-359.
Zhao, Z., 2005. Migration, Labor Market Flexibility, and Wage Determination in China: A Review[J]. The Developing Economies,43: 285-312.
Zhu, Nong., 2002. The Impact of Income Gaps on Migration Decisions in China[J]. China Economic Review,13: 213-230.
②这一理论由英国地理学家劳斯顿(E.M.Rawstron,1958)首创,后由史密斯进一步发展成为系统的区位理论。参见:魏后凯等.现代区域经济学[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2006.
①PRED A. Behaviour and location: foundations for a geographic and dynamic location theory,part I[M]. Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup,1967.
①俞坤一.新经济地理学[M].北京:中国商业出版社,2003.
①世界银行.《1994年世界银行发展报告:为发展提供基础设施》.北京:中国财政经济出版社,1994.
①见肯尼思·巴顿的运输经济学,北京:商务印书馆,2001。
安虎森. 2005.空间经济学原理[M].北京:经济科学出版社.
白重恩,谢长泰,钱颖一. 2007.中国的资本回报率[M].比较第二十八辑,中信出版社.
彼德·尼茨坎普主编,安虎森等译. 2001.区域和城市经济学手册(第一卷)[M].经济科学出版社.
蔡昉. 1996.劳动力迁移和流动的经济学分析[J].中国社会科学季刊,33:120-135.
蔡昉等. 2005.中国劳动力市场转型与发育[M].北京:商务印书馆.
陈良文,杨开忠. 2007.集聚与分散:新经济地理学模型与城市内容空间结构、外部规模经济效应的整合研究[J].经济学季刊,7(1):1011-1039.
陈刚,陈红儿. 2001.区际产业转移理论探微[J].贵州社会科学, 4:2-6.
陈静云. 2009.区域综合交通网络通达性研究[D].北京交通大学硕士论文.
丁琪琳荣朝和. 2006.交通区位思想评介及交通区位论的新进展[J].综合运输,5:12-17.
董晓霞,黄季焜,Scott Rozelle,王红林. 2006.地理区位、交通基础设施与种植业结构调整研究[J].管理世界,9:59-63,79.
范剑勇. 2004a.产业集聚与地区差距:来自中国的证据.中国社会科学评论第一卷[M].法律出版社.
范剑勇. 2004b.市场一体化、地区专业化与产业集聚趋势——兼谈对地区差距的影响[J].中国社会科学,6:39-51.
范剑勇. 2008.产业结构失衡、空间集聚与中国地区差距变化[J].上海经济研究, 2:3-13.
符淼. 2009.地理距离和技术外溢效应―对技术和经济集聚现象的空间计量学解释[J].经济学季刊,9(3):1549-1566.
傅家骥. 1992.技术创新――中国企业发展之路[M].企业管理出版社.
管楚度. 2000.交通区位论及应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社.
顾朝林. 2002.“新经济地理学”和“地理经济学”——兼论西方经济学与地理学融合的新趋向[J].地理科学,22:129-135.
郭金龙,王宏伟. 2003.中国区域间资本流动与区域经济差异研究[J].管理世界,7:45-58.
何雄浪,李国平. 2007.专业化产业集聚、空间成本与区域工业化[J].经济学季刊,6(4):1021-1040.
金煜,陈钊,陆铭. 2006.中国的地区工业集聚:经济地理、新经济地理与经济政策[J].经济研究,4:79-89.
金相郁. 2004. 20世纪区位理论的五个发展阶段及其评述[J].经济地理,24(3):294-298.
康凯. 2004.技术创新扩散与模型[M].天津大学出版社.
肯尼思·巴顿.冯宗宪译. 2001.运输经济学(第二版)[M].上海:商务印书馆.
李国平,范红忠. 2003.生产集中、人口分布于地区经济差异[J].经济研究,11:79-86.
李海东. 2004.高速公路经济论[D].四川大学博士论文.
李小平,陈勇. 2007.劳动力流动、资本转移和生产率增长——对中国工业“结构红利假说”的实证检验[J].统计研究,24(7):22-28.
李小建. 2002.经济地理学近期研究的一个新方向分析[J].经济地理,22:129-133.
李小建. 2006.经济地理学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
李群. 2006.基于资源流动的区域经济发展研究[D].西北工业大学博士论文.
林理升,王晔倩. 2006.运输成本、劳动力流动与制造业区域分布[J].经济研究,3:115-125.
杜肯堂,戴士根. 2004.区域经济管理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
林毅夫,蔡昉,李周. 1994.中国的奇迹:发展战略与经济改革[M].上海:上海三联书店、上海人民出版社.
吕卫国,陈雯. 2009.制造业企业区位选择与南京城市空间重构[J].地理研究,64(2):142-152.
刘斌. 2009.交通运输基础设施投资与中长期规划[EB/oL].国家发改委综合运输研究所.
路江涌,陶志刚. 2007.我国制造业区域集聚程度决定因素的研究[J].经济学(季刊),6(3):801-801.
曼昆. 2009.经济学原理(第四版)[M].北京:北京大学出版社.
栾贵勤. 2008.区域经济学[M].清华大学出版社.
任俊生. 2002.论准公共品的本质特征和范围变化[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,5:54-59.
荣朝和等. 2006.交通规划的综合框架与方法[A].北京:中国科学技术出版社.
杉山武彦. 2008.战后日本交通基础设施发展与地区间收入差距问题研究[J].日本研究,3:13-16.
单豪杰,师博. 2008.中国工业部门的资本回报率:1978-2006[J].产业经济研究,6:1-9.
单豪杰. 2008.中国资本存量K的再估算:1952-2006[J].数量经济技术经济研究, 10:17-31.
沈越,鱼金涛. 1989.国际技术转移概论[M].中国财政经济出版社.
舒元,才国伟. 2007.我国省际技术进步及其空间扩散分析[J].经济研究, 6:106-118.
藤田昌久,克鲁格曼等著. 2005.梁琦译:空间经济学:城市、区域与国际贸易[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社.
王春超. 2005.收入差异、流动性与地区就业集聚—基于农村劳动力转移的实证研究[J].中国农村观察,1:10-17.
王铮,邓悦等. 2002.理论经济地理学[M].北京:科学出版社.
王先进. 2004.国外对公路交通基础设施属性的认识及其战略和政策体现[J].中外公路,5:117-120.
吴传清. 2008.区域经济学原理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社.
魏后凯. 2006.现代区域经济学[M].北京:经济管理出版社.
韦伯. 1997.工业区位论[M].北京:商务印书馆.
吴玉鸣,何建坤. 2008.研发溢出、区域创新集群成因的空间计量经济分析[J].管理科学学报, 11(4):59-66.
夏万军. 2008.技术扩散与我国区域经济收敛性研究[D].首都经济贸易大学博士论文.
许召元,李善同. 2008.区域间劳动力迁移对经济增长和地区差距的影响[J].数量经济技术经济研究, 2:38-52.
谢燮,杨开忠. 2004.新经济地理学诞生的理论基石[J].当代经济科学, 26(4):53-57.
徐科. 2007.交通基础设施项目后评价研究[D].重庆大学硕士论文.
亚当·斯密著. 1972.郭大力,王亚南译:国民财富的性质和原因的研究(第1版)[M].商务印书馆.
严浩坤. 2008.中国跨区域资本流动:理论分析与实证研究[D].浙江大学.
严勰,刘毅,陈吉宁,吴洪斌. 2009.道路交通系统对区域工业布局的影响[J].经济地理,29(5):746-751.
杨家文,周一星. 1999.通达性:概念,度量及应用[J].地理学与国土研究, 15(2):61-66.
杨立波,刘小明. 2006.交通基础设施及其效率研究[J].道路交通与安全, 6(6):10-13.
姚枝仲,周素芳. 2003.劳动力流动与地区差距[J].世界经济, 4:35-44.
姚影. 2009.城市交通基础设施对城市集聚与扩展的影响机理研究[D].北京交通大学博士论文.
殷德生,唐海燕. 2007.中国制造业集聚的决定因素与变动趋势——基于三大经济圈的实证分析[J].世界经济研究,12:3-9.
俞坤一. 2003.新经济地理学[M].北京:中国商业出版社.
曾刚,袁莉莉. 1999.长江三角洲技术扩散规律及其对策初探[J].人文地理,1:1-5.
曾刚. 2002.技术扩散与区域经济发展[J].地域研究与开发,9:38-41.
张华,贺灿飞. 2007.区位通达性与在京外资企业的区位选择[J].地理研究, 26(5):984-1040.
张镝;吴利华. 2008.我国交通基础设施建设与经济增长关系实证研究[J].工业技术经济,8:87-90.
张培刚.1984. (Chang Pei-kang,1949).Agriculture and Industrialization, Harvard University Press[M].中译本《农业与工业化》,华中工学院出版社.
赵伟,李芬. 2007.异质性劳动力流动与区域收入差距:新经济地理学模型的扩展分析[J].中国人口科学,1:27-35.
赵伟,张萃. 2009.市场一体化与中国制造业区域集聚变化趋势[J].数量经济与技术经济研究, 2:18-32.
邹璇. 2009.要素流动、产业转移与经济增长[D].南开大学博士论文.
Acs, Z. & A. Varga., 2002. Geography, endogenous growth and innovation[J].International Regional Science Review, 26(2):153-66.
Adam Jaffe., 2002. Building Programme Evaluation into the Design of Public Research-Support Programmes[J]. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 18, (1): 22-34.
Alonson, W., 1964. Location and Land Use[M].Cambridge,Massachusetts:Harvard University Press. Amiti,M, 1998. New Trade Theories and Industrial Location in the EU:A Survey of Evidence[J]. Oxford Review of Economic Policy,14(2):45-53.
Anselin L., 1988. Spatial Econometrics:Methods and Models[M].Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Arrow, K., 1962. The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing[J]. Review of Economic Studies, 29(3):155-173.
Arthur, W., 1989. Brian Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In by Historical Events[J].Economic Journal, 97:642-665.
Arthur, W. B., 1994. Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy[M]. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Arthur O'Sullivan., 2000. Urban Economics (4th Edition)[M]. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Audretsch, D. B. and M. P. Feldman., 1996. R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production[J]. American Economic Review, 86(4):253-273.
Audretsch, D. B. and M. P. Feldman., 2004. Knowledge Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation [A]. Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics [M].Volume Amsterdam: Elsevier. Baldwin, R. E., 1999. Agglomeration and endogenous capital[J].European Economic Review, 43: 253-280.
Baldwin R., Forslid R., Martin P., 2003. Ottaviano G., and Robert-Nicoud F. Economic Geography and Public Policy[M]. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford.
Baranes, E. and Tropeano, J.-P., 2003. Why Are Technological Spillovers Spatially Bounded? A Market Oriented Approach[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,33(4):445-466.
Barro, Robert J. and Xavier Sala-I-Martin., 1995. Economic Growth[M]. McGraw-Hill.
Becattini G., 1979. Dal Settore Industriale al Distretto Industrial e. Alcune Considerazioni di Indagine Dell'economia Industriale[J]. Revista di Economia a Politica Industriale number, 2:7-21.
Bertola G., 1993. Models of economic integration and localized growth[A].in Torres, F. and Giavassi, F.(eds.),Adjustment and Growth in European[M]. Monetary Union,Cambridge,Cambridge University Press.
Boarnet, M.G.,1998. Spillovers and the locational effects of public infrastructure[J]. Journal of Regional Science,38,3:381-400.
Capello R., 1999. Spatial Transfer of Knowledge in Hi-Tech Milieux: Learning Versus Collective Learning Progress[J]. Regional Studies, 33(4):352-365.
Chandra, A., Thompson, E., 2000. Does public infrastructure affect economic activity? Evidence from the rural interstate highway system[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,30, (4):457-490.
Christaller, Walter., 1966. Die zentralen Orte in Suddeutschland[M]. Jena:Gustav Fischer,1933.(Translated in part) by Charlisle W. Baskin, as Central Places in Southern Germany.Prentice Hall.
Christaller, Walter., 1972. How I discovered the Theory of Central Places: A Report about the Origin of Central Places[M]. in:English, P. W. and R. C. Mayfield, eds., Man Space and Environment. Oxford Univ. Press, 6:601-610.
Cohen,J.P., Morrison Paul, C.J., 2007. The Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure on Property Values: A Higher-Order Spatial Econometrics Approach[J]..Journal of Regional Science, 47(3):457-478.
Colin Clark., 1940. The conditions of economic progress[M]. London: Macmillan.
Crozet, Matthieu., 2004. Do migrants follow market potentials? An estimation of a new economic geography model[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 4:439-458.
Dale W. Jorgenson., 1961. The Development of a Dual Economy[J]. Economic Journal, 71(6):309-334.
David R Audretsch, Maryann P, 2004. Fledman. Knowledge Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation,http://www.econ.brown.edu.Handbook of Regional and Urban Economies, 4:2063-3073.
David Banister, Joseph Berechman., 2000. Transport investment and economic development[M]. London:UCL Press.
Davis, DR, Weinstein, D., 1999. Economic geography and regional production structure: An empirical Investigation[J]. European Economic Review, 43(2):379-407.
Dicken, P. and P. Lloyd., 1990. Location in Space: Theoretical Perspectives in Economic Geography[M]. 3rd ed. New York: Harper Collins.
Dixit A., Stiglitz J., 1977. Monopolistic competition and optimum product diversity[J].American Economic Review, 67:297-308.
Englmann F.C. and U. Walz., 1995. Industrial Centers and Regional Growth in the Presence of Local Inputs[J]. Journal of Regional Science, 35: 3-27.
Feldstan Martin and Horioka Charles., 1980. Domestic saving and international capital flow[J].The Economic Jornal, 90:316-329.
Fernald, John. G., 1999. Roads to Prosperity? Assessing the Link between Public Capital and Productivity[J].American Economic Review, 89(3): 619-638.
Fetter, Frank A. Economic Law of Market Areas[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics.1924, 38:520-529.
Florax R.J.G.M. and P. Nijkamp., 2003. Misspecification in linear spatial regression models. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper. TI 2003,081/3.
Fujita, M., 1988. A monopolistic competition model of spatial agglomeration: a differentiated product approach[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 18:87-124.
Fujita, M., Krugman, P. R. and Venables, A. J., 1999. The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions and International Trade[M]. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Fujita, M. and Thisse, J.F., 2002. Economics of Agglomeration: Cities, Industrial Location, and Regional Growth[M]. Cambridge University Press.
Fujita, M., J. V. Henderson, Y. Kanemoto & T. Mori, 2003. Spatial Distribution of Economic Activities in Japan and China[J]. Handbook of Urban and Regional Economics, to be published, 49-95.
Fujita,M. and Krugman.P., 2004. The New Economic Geography. Past, Present and the Future[J]. Papers in Regional Science, 83:139-164.
Fujiki, Hiroshi and Yukinobu Kitamura., 1995. Feldstein-horioka paradox revisited[J]. Bank of Japan, Monetary and Economic Studies, 13(1):1-16.
Geroski, P. A., 2000. Models of technology diffusion[J]. Research Policy, 29(4-5):603-625.
Grilliches, Z., 1979. Issues in Assessing t he Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth[J].Bell Journal of Economics,10(1):92-116.
Haig, R.M., 1926. Toward an Understanding of the Metropolis[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 40: 179-208.
Hansen W G., 1959. How accessibility shapes land use[J]. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25: 73-76.
Harris C.D.,1954. The market as a factor in the localization of industry in the United States[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 44: 315-348.
Harrison B., l994. Why Large Corporation Will Continue to Dominate the Global Economy[M]. New York:The Guilford Press.
Haughwout A.F., 1998. Aggregate Production Functions, Interregional Equilibrium, and the Measurement of Infrastructure Productivity[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 44(2):216-227.
Hayter, R., 1997. The Dynamics of Industrial Location: The Factory, the Firm and the Production System[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Helpman and Krugman.,1985. Market Structure and Foreign Trade[M]. MIT Press. Course Outline. Henderson, J. Vernon., Zmarak Shalizi and Anthony J. Venables. 2001. Geography and Development[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 1: 81-105.
Holl,A., 2004a. Manufacturing Location and Impacts of Road Transport Infrastructure: Empirical Evidence from Spain[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 34 (3):341-363.
Holl,A., 2004b. Start-Ups and Relocations: Manufacturing Plant Location in Portugal[J]. Papers inRegional Science, 83(4):649-668.
Holl, A., 2004c. Transport Infrastructure,Agglomeration Economies,and Firm Birth: Empirical Evidence from Portugal[J]. Journal of Regional Science, 44(4):693-712.
Holtz-Eakin, D., Schwartz, A.M., 1995. Spatial productivity spillovers from public infrastructure: evidence from state highways[J].International Tax and Public Finance,2,(3):459-468.
Hoover, E.M., 1936. The measurement of Industrial Location[J].Review of Economics and Statistics, 18(4):162-171.
Hoover, E. M., 1948. The Location of Economic Activity[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill. Isard, W., 1956. Location and Space-Economy[M]. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Isard, Walter., 1949. The General Theory of Location and Space-Economy[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics LXIII.
Jaffe, A, M. Trajtenberg and R.Henderson., 1993. Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidence by patencitations[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,108:577-598.
Jaffe, A, M., 2001. Reinventing public r&d: patent policy and the commercialization of national laboratory technologies[J]. The RAND Journal of Economics,32(1):167-199.
Johnson D.G., 2002. Have the Urban-rural Income Disparities Increased Since 1978 in China(?)[J]. Paper No. 01-05, Office of Agricultural Economics Research, University of Chicago. Published (in Chinese) in China Economic Quarterly,1(3):553-562.
Johnston R J., 1994. Dictionary of human geography, 3 rd edition[M]. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Keeble, D., Offord, J., and Walker, S., 1986. Peripheral Regions in a Community of Twelve Member States [M]. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities.
Keller.W., 2002. Geographic Localization of International Technology Diffusion[J]. American Economic Review, 92(1):120-142.
Kevin Honglin ZHANGa, Shunfeng SONG., 2003. Rural-urban migration and urbanization in China: Evidence from time series and cross section analyses[J].China Economic Review, 14:386-400. Kilkenny, Maureen., 1998. Transport Costs and Rural Development[J]. Journal of Regional Science, 38(2):293-312.
Klaus Wersching., 2005. Innovation and knowledge spillover with geographical and technological distance in an agent based simulation model[DB].Discussion Paper. Kokko, A., 1994. Technology, Market Characteristics, and Spillovers[J]. Journal of Development Economics,43(2):279-293.
Krugman P., 1991a. Increasing Returns and Economic Geography[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 99(3):483-499.
Krugman P., 1991b. History and Industry Location: The Case of the US Manufacturing Be1t[J].American Economic Review, 81:80-83.
Krugman, P., 1991c. Geography and Trade[M]. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Krugman, P., 1991d. Geography and Trade[M]. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Krugman PR., 1995. Development, geography, and economic theory[M]. Ohlin lectures. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Krugman P, Venables A., 1996. Integration, specialization and adjustment[J]. European Economic Review, 40:959-967.
Krugman PR., 1998. What’s new about the new economic geography[J]. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 14:7-17
Lanaspa LF, Sanz F., 2001. Multiple equilibria, stability, and asymmetries in Krugman’s Crafts N, Venables A. Globalization in History: a Geographical Perspective. CEPR Discussion Papers, No. 3079.
Launhardt, W. The Principles of Railway Location[M](.part I, The Theory of the Trace; part II, 1902, The Technical Tracing of Railroads),translated by A. Bewley, Lawrence Asylum Press: Madras,1900-1902.
Launhardt, Wilhelm., 1885. Mathematische Begruendung der Volkswirtschaftslehre[M]. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner.
Lewis W.A., 1954. Economic development with unlimitedsupplies of labor[J].manchester school of Economicand Social Studies,22:139-191.
Lin, J.Y.,Wang,Gewei, Zhao,Y.H., 2004. Regional Inequality and Labor Transfers in China[J]. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 52(3):587-603.
Losch A., 1939. The Economics of Location[M]. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. Lucas, Robert E., 1988. Money demand in the United States: A quantitative review[J]. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 29(1):137-167.
Mamata Parhi., 2008. Impact of Changing Facets of Inter-firm Interactions on Manufacturing Excellence: A Social Network Perspective of Indian Automotive Industry. Working Papers of BETA 2008-08, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
Mano, Y., and Otsuka, K., 2000. A g glomeration Economies and Geographical Concentration of Industries: A Case Study of Manufacturing Sectors in Postwar Japan[J].Journal of the Japanese and International Economies,14:189-203.
Marshall, Alfred., 1916/(1890). Principles of Economics 7th ed.[M]. London: Macmillan and Co. Martin, P., Rogers, C.A., 1995. Industrial location and public infrastructure[J]. Journal of International Economics, 39( 3-4):335-351.
Martin R. and Sunley P., 1996. Paul Krugmari’s Geographical Economics and Its Implications forRegional Development Theory: a Critical Assessment[J]. Economic Geography, 72(3):259-292.
Martin, P and G. Ottaviano., 1999. Growing Locations: Industry in a Model of Endogenous Growth[J]. European Economic Review, 43:281-302.
Martin, P. and G. Ottaviano, 2001. Growth and Agglomeration[J]. International Economic Review, 42(4): 947-968.
Massey D., 1977. Industrial Location Theory Reconsidered[M].Open Univesity. Milton Keynes.
Massey D., 1984. Introducdon:Geography Mstters . in Doreen Massey and John Allen, eds.Geography rnatters! A readers[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
McKinnon, A. Physical distribution systems[M]. Routledge. London, 1989.
Michael P. Todaro A., 1969. Model of Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment in Less Development Countries[J].American economic review, 59:138-148.
Mills, Edwin S., 1967. An Aggregative Model of Resource Allocation in a Metropolitan Area[J].American Economic Review, May, 57(2):197-210.
Modelski., 1978. The Long Cycle of Clobal Politics and the Nationstate[J].Comparative Studies in Society and History,20:214-235.
Mohring, H., Williamson, H. F., 1969. Scale and Industrial reorganization economies of transport improvements[J]. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 3(3):251-271.
Moreno , R. , R. Paci , and S. Usai., 2004. Spatial Spillovers and Innovation Activity in European Regions[J]. ERSA conference Papers.
Moses, L.N., 1962. Income, Leisure, and Wage Pressure[J].Economic Journal, 72(286):320-334.
Moses Abramovitz., 1986. Catching up, forging ahead, and falling behind. The journal of economic history[J]. The tasks of Economic History, 46(2):385-406.
Myrdal , G., 1957. Economic Theory and Under Developed Regions[J].London:Duckworth.
Nelson, R. & E. Phelps., 1966. Investment in humans, technological diffusion, and economic growth[J].American Economic Review,56(1/2):65-75.
North, Douglass C., 1995. New Institutional Economics and Development of Government Ownership[M].New York: Oxford University Press.
Overman, H. G., Redding, S. and Venables, A. J., 2004. The economic geography of trade, production and income: A survey of the empirics, in E. K. Choi and J. Harrigan (eds), Handbook of International Trade[M]. Basil Blackwell, London,1: 353-387.
Ottaviano, G. I. P., Tabuchi, T. and Thisse, J.-F., 2002. Agglomeration and Trade Revisited[J]. International Economic Review, 43(2):409-435.
Park SO and Markusen A., 1995. Generalizing New Industrial Districts: a Theoretical Agenda and an Application from an Non-Western Economy[J]. Environment and Planning A, 27:84-104.
Patricia C. Melo, Daniel J. Graham, Robert B. Noland., 2008. Firm Formation and Transport Infranstructure: A Study of Portugal[C]. Transportation Research Board 87th Annual Meeting,Washington, DC., 1:13-17.
Piorem and Sabel, 1984. The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity[M].New York: Basic Books.
Pirie G H., 1979. Measuring accessibility:a review and proposal[J].Environment and Planning, 11: 299-312.
Porter, M., 1990. Competitive Advantage of Nations[M]. Free Press, New York.
Pred A., 1967. Behaviour and Location: Foundations for a Geographic and Dynamic Location Theory(1)[M].Lund:C.W.K.Gleerup.
Puga D., 1999. The rise and fall of regional inequalities[J].European Economic Review,43(2): 303-334.
Rappaport, Jordan, 2005. How does labor mobility affect income convergence[J].Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,29(3):567-581.
Reilly W J., 1931. The Law of Retail Gravitation[M]. Knickerbocker Press. Ricci L A., 1999. Economic geography and comparative advantage: Agglomeration versus specialization[J]. European Economic Review, 43(2): 357-377.
Robert Estall., 1972. A Modern Geography of the United States: Aspects of. Life and Economy[J]. Penguin Books.
Robert J. Barro; N. Gregory Mankiw, Xavier Sala-I-Martin., 1995. Capital mobility in neoclassical models of growth[J]. The American Economic Review,85(1):103-115.
Rogers. E. M., 1983. Diffusion of Innovations[J]. NY:Free Press, New York. Romer P., 1990. Endogenous Technological Change[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 98:71-102.
Samuelson,P.A., 1952. The transfer problem and transport costs: The terms of trade when impediments are absent[J].Economic Journal,62:278-304.
Sanchez-Robles, B. 1998. Infrastructure Investment and Growth: Some Empirical Evidence[J]. Contemporary Economic Policy,16:98-108.
Saxenian A., 1994. Regional Advantage. Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128[M].Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA.
Shioji, E., 2001. Public capital and economic growth: a convergence approach[J].Journal of Economic Growth, 6 (3),205-27.
Smith D M. A., 1966. Theoretical Framework for Geographical Studies of Industrial Location[J]. Economic Geography, 142: 86-113.
Smith. D M., 1971. Industrical location: an economic geographical analysis[M]. New York:JohnWiley & Sons.
Stafford, H.A., 1983. The Effects of Environmental Regulations on Industrial Location, Working Paper, University of Cincinnati.
Storper M., 1989. The Transition to Flexible Specialization in Industry: External Economies, the Division of Labor and the Crossing of Industrial Divides[J]. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 13: 273-305.
Tabuchi, T., 1998. Urban Agglomeration and Dispersion: A Synthesis of Alonso and Krugman[J]. Journal of Urban Economics,44(3):333-351.
Taylor, Alan M. and Jeffrey G. Williamson., 1997. Convergence in the Age of Mass Migration[J]. European Review of Economic History, 1:27-63.
Thomson, J.M., 1974. Modern Transport Economics[M]. Harmondsworth: Penguin Education.
von Thünen J.H., 1966. Der Isolierte staat, 2nd edit[M]. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart.
van Es, J. and Ruijgrok. CJ., 1974. Modal choice in freight transport[J].in EJ Visser (ed.). Transport Decisions in an Age of Uncertainty.
Walz U., 1996. Transport Cost, Intermediate Good, and Localized Growth[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 26:671-695.
Weber, Alfred., 1929. (translated by Carl J. Friedrich from Weber's 1909 book).Theory of the Location of Industries[M]. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Webber, M., 1987. Rates of Profit and Interregional Flows of Capital[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 77: 63-75.
Weber, A., 1929. Theory of the Location of Industry[M]. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
WU, Z and SHUJIE, YAO., 2003. Inter-migration and Intra-migration in China, a Theoretical and Empirical Analysis[J].China Economic Review, 14:371-385.
Venables, A. J., 1996. Equilibrium Locations of Vertically linked Industries[J].International Economic Review, 37(2):341-359.
Zhao, Z., 2005. Migration, Labor Market Flexibility, and Wage Determination in China: A Review[J]. The Developing Economies,43: 285-312.
Zhu, Nong., 2002. The Impact of Income Gaps on Migration Decisions in China[J]. China Economic Review,13: 213-230.