城市交通地理信息集成管理系统研究与应用
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摘要
随着城市经济的快速发展,城市交通网络规模也越来越庞大,但其道路通行能力仍不能满足日益增长的交通需求,交通拥堵、交通事故等交通问题日趋严重,如何在有限的道路交通资源条件下科学、高效地管理及优化城市交通系统并有效地解决交通问题,已经成为交通领域研究的重要课题。从智能交通系统的角度,通过构建较为完善的城市交通地理信息集成管理系统实现交通信息的高效管理并提供科学的交通辅助决策支持,可以在一定程度有效地解决城市交通问题。为此,本文利用先进的数据库、GIS和交通控制等技术,设计并开发了城市交通地理信息集成管理系统原型,实现对海量城市交通信息的集成管理并提供了一些重要的交通辅助决策功能。
本文在城市交通地理信息集成管理系统需求分析的基础上,将集成系统分为交通基础地理信息子系统和交通专题地理信息子系统两部分。通过利用C#.NET编程语言、ArcGIS Engine开发包、ArcGIS地理空间数据库和SQL Server2005数据库实现了城市交通地理信息集成管理系统的二次开发。与现有的城市交通地理信息系统相比,本文所设计并研发的系统实现了城市交通管理与交通辅助决策支持的集成,具体一定的先进性。论文的主要研究内容及成果包括：
1.针对城市交通系统管理和运营的需求,从交通辅助决策服务的角度详细阐述城市交通地理信息集成管理系统的关键技术问题,对动态交通诱导、公交线网换乘及网络优化等技术的理论和实现过程进行详细论述；
2.在详细了解城市交通系统需求及关键技术问题的基础上,进行系统的总体设计和详细设计,对功能模块进行逐层细化,从过程、功能、组织和信息四个方面对其进行详细定义和描述,并着重论述交通专题地理信息子系统中的辅助决策功能；
3.基于COM技术实现对数据层、逻辑层与应用层的统一管理,建立了适用于城市交通网络数据管理的空间数据库和属性数据库,并进行数据库安全访问设计；
4.以ArcGIS为开发平台,Visual C#. NET为开发语言,研发基于ComGIS技术的城市交通地理信息集成管理系统,实现对交通系统的基础道路网络及相关交通信息的多种可视化表达,实现交通数据的查询、统计分析,并实现多种交通流模型的数值模拟及分析、公交线网查询与优化设计、动态交通诱导分析等,为交通管理部分及其他用户提供数据和决策支持。
With the rapid development of urban economy, the scale of urban traffic system is larger and larger, but its unobstructed ability still cannot satisfy the transportation need increasingly, the traffic problems like traffic congestion and traffic accidents are more and more serious, it has become an important topic in the field of transportation that how to manage and optimize the urban traffic system scientificly and effectively in the condition of limited road resource, so as to solve the traffic problems. From the point of view of intelligent transportation system (ITS), it can solve the urban traffic problems to a certain extent through constructing the Urban Transportation Geographic Information Integrated Management System to manage the traffic information effectively and provide scientific traffic assistant-decision supports. Therefore, this thesis designs and develops the urban transportation geographic information integrated system based on the advanced database, GIS and traffic control technologys, that this system realizes the integrated management of huge amount of urban traffic information and provides some important traffic assistant-decision functions.
Based on the demand analysis of the urban traffic geographic information integrated management system, the integrated management system is divided into the traffic fundamental geographic information subsystem and the traffic thematic geographic information subsystem. The integraton system is programming relized, by using Visual C#.net programming language, ArcGIS Engine components package, geographical spatial database of ArcGIS and SQL Server2005. Compared with the existing urban traffic geographic information systems, our system accomplishes the integration of the urban traffic management and traffic assistant-decision supports, which is advanced to some extent. The main research contents and achievements of the thesis is depicted as follows:
1. According to the needs of management and operation of the urban traffic system, from the point of view of traffic assistant-decision service, we discuss the key technical problems of the urban traffic geographic information integrated system, like dynamic traffic guidance, public transit network transfer and network optimization, and so on, which are detailed in theory and implimentation process;
2. Based on the needs and the key technical problems of the urban traffic geographic information integrated system, designing the function framework and the detailed functions of the system, refining the function modules step by step, the funcitons which are defined and described perfectly from the process, the function, the organization and the information four aspects, and mainly dissertate the assistant-decision functions in the traffic thematic geographic information subsystem;
3. Constructing the spatial database and attribute database apply to the management of urban traffic network and relizing the global management of the data layer, the logic layer and the application layer, based on ComGIS technology;
4. With ArcGIS platform and Visual C#.Net programming language, the urban traffic geographic information integrated system is developed based on ComGIS technology, that the system relizes the visualization of the urban road network and other traffic information, the inquiring and statistical analysis of traffic data, the simulation and data analysis of several traffic flow models, the inquiring and optimization of the public transit network, dynamic traffic guidance, and so on, which provide the data and decision supports for transportation management department and other users.
本文在城市交通地理信息集成管理系统需求分析的基础上,将集成系统分为交通基础地理信息子系统和交通专题地理信息子系统两部分。通过利用C#.NET编程语言、ArcGIS Engine开发包、ArcGIS地理空间数据库和SQL Server2005数据库实现了城市交通地理信息集成管理系统的二次开发。与现有的城市交通地理信息系统相比,本文所设计并研发的系统实现了城市交通管理与交通辅助决策支持的集成,具体一定的先进性。论文的主要研究内容及成果包括：
1.针对城市交通系统管理和运营的需求,从交通辅助决策服务的角度详细阐述城市交通地理信息集成管理系统的关键技术问题,对动态交通诱导、公交线网换乘及网络优化等技术的理论和实现过程进行详细论述；
2.在详细了解城市交通系统需求及关键技术问题的基础上,进行系统的总体设计和详细设计,对功能模块进行逐层细化,从过程、功能、组织和信息四个方面对其进行详细定义和描述,并着重论述交通专题地理信息子系统中的辅助决策功能；
3.基于COM技术实现对数据层、逻辑层与应用层的统一管理,建立了适用于城市交通网络数据管理的空间数据库和属性数据库,并进行数据库安全访问设计；
4.以ArcGIS为开发平台,Visual C#. NET为开发语言,研发基于ComGIS技术的城市交通地理信息集成管理系统,实现对交通系统的基础道路网络及相关交通信息的多种可视化表达,实现交通数据的查询、统计分析,并实现多种交通流模型的数值模拟及分析、公交线网查询与优化设计、动态交通诱导分析等,为交通管理部分及其他用户提供数据和决策支持。
With the rapid development of urban economy, the scale of urban traffic system is larger and larger, but its unobstructed ability still cannot satisfy the transportation need increasingly, the traffic problems like traffic congestion and traffic accidents are more and more serious, it has become an important topic in the field of transportation that how to manage and optimize the urban traffic system scientificly and effectively in the condition of limited road resource, so as to solve the traffic problems. From the point of view of intelligent transportation system (ITS), it can solve the urban traffic problems to a certain extent through constructing the Urban Transportation Geographic Information Integrated Management System to manage the traffic information effectively and provide scientific traffic assistant-decision supports. Therefore, this thesis designs and develops the urban transportation geographic information integrated system based on the advanced database, GIS and traffic control technologys, that this system realizes the integrated management of huge amount of urban traffic information and provides some important traffic assistant-decision functions.
Based on the demand analysis of the urban traffic geographic information integrated management system, the integrated management system is divided into the traffic fundamental geographic information subsystem and the traffic thematic geographic information subsystem. The integraton system is programming relized, by using Visual C#.net programming language, ArcGIS Engine components package, geographical spatial database of ArcGIS and SQL Server2005. Compared with the existing urban traffic geographic information systems, our system accomplishes the integration of the urban traffic management and traffic assistant-decision supports, which is advanced to some extent. The main research contents and achievements of the thesis is depicted as follows:
1. According to the needs of management and operation of the urban traffic system, from the point of view of traffic assistant-decision service, we discuss the key technical problems of the urban traffic geographic information integrated system, like dynamic traffic guidance, public transit network transfer and network optimization, and so on, which are detailed in theory and implimentation process;
2. Based on the needs and the key technical problems of the urban traffic geographic information integrated system, designing the function framework and the detailed functions of the system, refining the function modules step by step, the funcitons which are defined and described perfectly from the process, the function, the organization and the information four aspects, and mainly dissertate the assistant-decision functions in the traffic thematic geographic information subsystem;
3. Constructing the spatial database and attribute database apply to the management of urban traffic network and relizing the global management of the data layer, the logic layer and the application layer, based on ComGIS technology;
4. With ArcGIS platform and Visual C#.Net programming language, the urban traffic geographic information integrated system is developed based on ComGIS technology, that the system relizes the visualization of the urban road network and other traffic information, the inquiring and statistical analysis of traffic data, the simulation and data analysis of several traffic flow models, the inquiring and optimization of the public transit network, dynamic traffic guidance, and so on, which provide the data and decision supports for transportation management department and other users.
引文
[1]谢菁莲,左相国.我国交通事故的现状分析[J].科协论坛,2007,1：62-63.
[2]闾国年,张书亮,龚敏霞,等.地理信息系统集成原理与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[3]邬伦,刘瑜.地理信息系统：原理、方法和应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
[4]吴信才.地理信息系统原理与方法[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2009.
[5]刘学军,徐鹏.交通地理信息系统[M].北京：科学出版社,2006.
[6]肖建军.交通地理信息系统的研究与应用[D].中南大学硕士毕业论文,2005.
[7]毕然,党梅梅.智能交通系统标准化现状及发展趋势[J].电信网技术,2011,4：44-47.
[8]吴国荣.城市交通地理信息系统的设计与实现[D].解放军信息工程大学硕士毕业论文,2008.
[9]陈茜,裘红妹,林群,等.全国智能交通系统示范城市建设示例[J].城市交通,2008,6(1)：33-55.
[10]朱春节.交通规划中的GIS关键技术[D].华东师范大学硕士毕业论文.2009.
[11]李军,黄诚鹏.GIS在交通领域的应用发展趋势[J].黑龙江科技信息,2010,18：24-24.
[12]杨莉国,欧付娜,刘庆海,等.数据仓库相关技术研究综述[J].电脑知识与技术,2011,7(10)：2234-2236.
[13]吴立新,史文中.地理信息系统原理与算法[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[14]Dijkstra E. A note on two Problems with graphs[J]. Ntunerieal Mathematics, 1959,1:267-271.
[15]R.E. Bellman. On a routing problem [J]. Quart. Appl. Math. 1958,16:87-90.
[16]L. R. Ford. Network Flow Theory [Z]. The Rand Corporation Paper,1956,923.
[17]E. F. Moore. The Shortest path through a maze [J]. Proc. Int. Symp. On the Theory of Switehing,1957,285-292.
[18]Hart. P., N. Nilsson, B.Raphael. A formal basis for the heuristic determination of minimum cost paths[J]. IEEE Transportation System Science and Cybernetics,1968,4:100-10.
[19]张学敏.GIS环境下的动态交通最优路径算法研究[D].中南大学硕士毕业论文,2009.
[20]A. Colorni, M. Dorigo, V. Maniezzo, et al. Distributed Optimization by ant colonies[A]. Proceedings of ECAL91-European Conference on Artificial Life. Paris:Elsevier Publishing, 1991, 134-142.
[21]方丽君.基于蚁群算法的交通分配模型研究[D].河海大学硕士毕业论文,2006.
[22]庞斓.基于遗传算法的动态交通诱导研究[D].西安理工大学硕士毕业论文,2010.
[23]张水舰,李永树.利用GA和GIS的动态路径诱导算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2009,34(12)：1476-1479.
[24]高桂凤,魏华,严宝杰.城市公交服务质量可靠性评价研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2007,31(1)：140-143.
[25]彭晓伟,胡子祥.城市公交服务质量乘客评价的实证研究[J].西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2007,8(5)：12-16.
[26]常玉林,胡启洲.城市公交线网优化的线性模型[J].中国公路学报,2005,18(1)：95-98.
[27]于滨,刘鸿婷,闫博,等.公交线路网优化的双层模型及其解法[J].吉林大学学报,2010,40(2)：402-405.
[28]Nagel K, Schreckenberg M. A cellular automaton model for freeway traffic [J]. Journal de Physique I,1992, 2(12):2211-2229.
[29]Biham 0, Middleton A, Levine D. Self-organization and a dynamical transition in traffic-flow models [J]. Phys. Rev. A, 1992, 46(10): 6124-6127.
[30]Chowdhury D, Schadschneider A, Self-organization of traffic jams in cities Effects of stochastic dynamics and signal periods [J], Phys. Rev. E, 1999, 59: 1311-1314.
[31]顾春辉.数据仓库技术在公共交通领域中的应用[J].城市公用事业,2011,25(1)：45-49.
[32]崔铁军.地理空间数据库原理[M].北京：科学出版社,2007.
[33]祝国瑞,庞前聪,王平.可扩展性的公路空间数据库方案设计[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,29(7)：580-583.
[34]周芸,谷志杰,张君纬,等.廊坊公路交通空间数据库设计与生成[J].测绘科学,2006,31(5)：148-150.
[35]Michael Z. Modeling ourword [M]. Environmental Systems Reasearch Institute, Inc.1999.
[36]许懿娜.基于AE的城乡土地利用规划集成信息系统设计与实现[D].西南交通大学硕士毕业论文,2010.
[37]ESRI. ArcGIS?EngineDeveloPerGuide (AieGIS?9.0).
[2]闾国年,张书亮,龚敏霞,等.地理信息系统集成原理与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[3]邬伦,刘瑜.地理信息系统：原理、方法和应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
[4]吴信才.地理信息系统原理与方法[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2009.
[5]刘学军,徐鹏.交通地理信息系统[M].北京：科学出版社,2006.
[6]肖建军.交通地理信息系统的研究与应用[D].中南大学硕士毕业论文,2005.
[7]毕然,党梅梅.智能交通系统标准化现状及发展趋势[J].电信网技术,2011,4：44-47.
[8]吴国荣.城市交通地理信息系统的设计与实现[D].解放军信息工程大学硕士毕业论文,2008.
[9]陈茜,裘红妹,林群,等.全国智能交通系统示范城市建设示例[J].城市交通,2008,6(1)：33-55.
[10]朱春节.交通规划中的GIS关键技术[D].华东师范大学硕士毕业论文.2009.
[11]李军,黄诚鹏.GIS在交通领域的应用发展趋势[J].黑龙江科技信息,2010,18：24-24.
[12]杨莉国,欧付娜,刘庆海,等.数据仓库相关技术研究综述[J].电脑知识与技术,2011,7(10)：2234-2236.
[13]吴立新,史文中.地理信息系统原理与算法[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[14]Dijkstra E. A note on two Problems with graphs[J]. Ntunerieal Mathematics, 1959,1:267-271.
[15]R.E. Bellman. On a routing problem [J]. Quart. Appl. Math. 1958,16:87-90.
[16]L. R. Ford. Network Flow Theory [Z]. The Rand Corporation Paper,1956,923.
[17]E. F. Moore. The Shortest path through a maze [J]. Proc. Int. Symp. On the Theory of Switehing,1957,285-292.
[18]Hart. P., N. Nilsson, B.Raphael. A formal basis for the heuristic determination of minimum cost paths[J]. IEEE Transportation System Science and Cybernetics,1968,4:100-10.
[19]张学敏.GIS环境下的动态交通最优路径算法研究[D].中南大学硕士毕业论文,2009.
[20]A. Colorni, M. Dorigo, V. Maniezzo, et al. Distributed Optimization by ant colonies[A]. Proceedings of ECAL91-European Conference on Artificial Life. Paris:Elsevier Publishing, 1991, 134-142.
[21]方丽君.基于蚁群算法的交通分配模型研究[D].河海大学硕士毕业论文,2006.
[22]庞斓.基于遗传算法的动态交通诱导研究[D].西安理工大学硕士毕业论文,2010.
[23]张水舰,李永树.利用GA和GIS的动态路径诱导算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2009,34(12)：1476-1479.
[24]高桂凤,魏华,严宝杰.城市公交服务质量可靠性评价研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2007,31(1)：140-143.
[25]彭晓伟,胡子祥.城市公交服务质量乘客评价的实证研究[J].西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2007,8(5)：12-16.
[26]常玉林,胡启洲.城市公交线网优化的线性模型[J].中国公路学报,2005,18(1)：95-98.
[27]于滨,刘鸿婷,闫博,等.公交线路网优化的双层模型及其解法[J].吉林大学学报,2010,40(2)：402-405.
[28]Nagel K, Schreckenberg M. A cellular automaton model for freeway traffic [J]. Journal de Physique I,1992, 2(12):2211-2229.
[29]Biham 0, Middleton A, Levine D. Self-organization and a dynamical transition in traffic-flow models [J]. Phys. Rev. A, 1992, 46(10): 6124-6127.
[30]Chowdhury D, Schadschneider A, Self-organization of traffic jams in cities Effects of stochastic dynamics and signal periods [J], Phys. Rev. E, 1999, 59: 1311-1314.
[31]顾春辉.数据仓库技术在公共交通领域中的应用[J].城市公用事业,2011,25(1)：45-49.
[32]崔铁军.地理空间数据库原理[M].北京：科学出版社,2007.
[33]祝国瑞,庞前聪,王平.可扩展性的公路空间数据库方案设计[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,29(7)：580-583.
[34]周芸,谷志杰,张君纬,等.廊坊公路交通空间数据库设计与生成[J].测绘科学,2006,31(5)：148-150.
[35]Michael Z. Modeling ourword [M]. Environmental Systems Reasearch Institute, Inc.1999.
[36]许懿娜.基于AE的城乡土地利用规划集成信息系统设计与实现[D].西南交通大学硕士毕业论文,2010.
[37]ESRI. ArcGIS?EngineDeveloPerGuide (AieGIS?9.0).
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