SMC3205型石材加工中心平面异型数控加工自动编程系统的研究
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摘要
由于石材加工工艺与机械加工工艺差异很大,通用的CAD/CAM软件日益不能满足石材市场应用的要求,而CAD/CAM技术的应用又是实现自动化生产、提高产品竞争力及提升产业水平的决定性因素。异型石材加工是市场上新兴的行业,近几年,数控加工的应用推动了石材业飞速发展,渐渐地取代了传统的手工雕刻和仿形加工。本文对平面异型石材加工的CAD/CAM自动编程系统进行了研究,提出了一些新的算法,并进行系统的实现。
首先,本文对CAD模块相关技术进行了研究,主要是对系统的数据管理、图元绘制、图形编辑、文件管理及图元分析等进行研究。该子系统借鉴了Master CAM X的主体界面,使用各种交互技术,设计了基于图形交互的人机交互式友好界面。
再次,对CAM模块相关技术进行研究,实现系统的数控自动编程。该模块实现的功能：采用等误差法直线逼近对椭圆进行离散,轮廓图形元素端点跟踪法排序,极上限法判定轮廓环的加工走向,矢量旋转法对轮廓顶点的凹凸性判定。刀具参数及NC参数的输入,实现打孔加工、切割加工及磨削加工的刀具轨迹的生成。依据数控加工中心指定的指令代码格式,通过后置处理生成数控加工文件。
最后,对数控代码进行校检及模拟仿真。将生成的数控代码输入及译码,无误后,利用定时器以动画的形式预先展示数控加工机床走刀路线的过程。验证数控代码的正确性及可加工性。
本文采用面向对象的设计方法,在Windows操作系统下,以C++Builder 6.0作为开发工具,对异型石材平面轮廓的CAD/CAM集成系统的自主设计开发。开发的系统已经应用于工程实际,能较好的满足当前对平面异型板自动化数控加工的要求。
Because of the different of arts and crafts between stone and machine, the universal CAD/CAM software can't satisfy the require of stone market increasingly, but the application of CAD/CAM technology is the decisive factor to realize automatic production, enhance the product competition and advance industrial level. On recent years, the machining profiled stone is the new industry on the market, and the application of numerical control technology force the stone industry to develop fast instead of the conventional hand carve and profiled modeling gradually. In this paper, the system of CAD/CAM automatic programming based on the planar profiled stone machining is studied, some arithmetic is advanced and the total system is realized.
Firstly, in this paper, the technologies associated with CAD module are studied, and they include data management, pixel mapping, graphics editing, file management and pixel analyzing. The CAD system use for reference of the main interface of MasterCAM X, and apply many of mutual technologies to design a friendly interface which based on mutual graphics between man and computer.
Secondly, the technologies interrelated with CAM modules are studied, and NC automatic programming is realized. The CAM module functions include:using linear bifurcation equidifferent approaching way to scatter ellipse, adopting endpoint tracing method to array for the outline of graphics elements, making use of polar cap method to determine processing direction of contour ring, utilizing vectorial rotation method to determine convex-concave features for vertices of contour and so on. The tool paths of punching processing, cutting processing and grinding processing are created by inputting the respective tool and NC parameters. The CNC machining document is created according as the demand of code format to CNC processing center by post-processing.
Lastly, the NC code is checked up and simulated. It's correct to input and translate NC code, then using timer to preview the process of cutting line to CNC machining tool by the format of animation. The NC code is tested whether it is correct and processable or not.
In the Windows operating system, this paper also uses object-oriented design method to design and develop CAD/CAM integrated system in the profiled stone contour of plane by the environment of C++Builder 6.0.The developed system has been applied in engineering practice, which can satisfy the demand of automatic CNC machining at the sphere of profiled board of plane recently.
首先,本文对CAD模块相关技术进行了研究,主要是对系统的数据管理、图元绘制、图形编辑、文件管理及图元分析等进行研究。该子系统借鉴了Master CAM X的主体界面,使用各种交互技术,设计了基于图形交互的人机交互式友好界面。
再次,对CAM模块相关技术进行研究,实现系统的数控自动编程。该模块实现的功能：采用等误差法直线逼近对椭圆进行离散,轮廓图形元素端点跟踪法排序,极上限法判定轮廓环的加工走向,矢量旋转法对轮廓顶点的凹凸性判定。刀具参数及NC参数的输入,实现打孔加工、切割加工及磨削加工的刀具轨迹的生成。依据数控加工中心指定的指令代码格式,通过后置处理生成数控加工文件。
最后,对数控代码进行校检及模拟仿真。将生成的数控代码输入及译码,无误后,利用定时器以动画的形式预先展示数控加工机床走刀路线的过程。验证数控代码的正确性及可加工性。
本文采用面向对象的设计方法,在Windows操作系统下,以C++Builder 6.0作为开发工具,对异型石材平面轮廓的CAD/CAM集成系统的自主设计开发。开发的系统已经应用于工程实际,能较好的满足当前对平面异型板自动化数控加工的要求。
Because of the different of arts and crafts between stone and machine, the universal CAD/CAM software can't satisfy the require of stone market increasingly, but the application of CAD/CAM technology is the decisive factor to realize automatic production, enhance the product competition and advance industrial level. On recent years, the machining profiled stone is the new industry on the market, and the application of numerical control technology force the stone industry to develop fast instead of the conventional hand carve and profiled modeling gradually. In this paper, the system of CAD/CAM automatic programming based on the planar profiled stone machining is studied, some arithmetic is advanced and the total system is realized.
Firstly, in this paper, the technologies associated with CAD module are studied, and they include data management, pixel mapping, graphics editing, file management and pixel analyzing. The CAD system use for reference of the main interface of MasterCAM X, and apply many of mutual technologies to design a friendly interface which based on mutual graphics between man and computer.
Secondly, the technologies interrelated with CAM modules are studied, and NC automatic programming is realized. The CAM module functions include:using linear bifurcation equidifferent approaching way to scatter ellipse, adopting endpoint tracing method to array for the outline of graphics elements, making use of polar cap method to determine processing direction of contour ring, utilizing vectorial rotation method to determine convex-concave features for vertices of contour and so on. The tool paths of punching processing, cutting processing and grinding processing are created by inputting the respective tool and NC parameters. The CNC machining document is created according as the demand of code format to CNC processing center by post-processing.
Lastly, the NC code is checked up and simulated. It's correct to input and translate NC code, then using timer to preview the process of cutting line to CNC machining tool by the format of animation. The NC code is tested whether it is correct and processable or not.
In the Windows operating system, this paper also uses object-oriented design method to design and develop CAD/CAM integrated system in the profiled stone contour of plane by the environment of C++Builder 6.0.The developed system has been applied in engineering practice, which can satisfy the demand of automatic CNC machining at the sphere of profiled board of plane recently.
引文
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[3]张良智.石材异型制品加工计算机数控系统研究开发[D]：[硕士学位论文].山东大学,2006.
[4]何开明,汪承林.异型石材加工工艺的分析[J].石材,1997,(2)：20-23.
[5]曾国贤.石材异型加工及工具技术研讨[J].石材,1999,(1)：30-31.
[6]陈桂友,杜兆辉,臧利林。石材加工中的数控自动编程技术研究[J].制造业自动化,2004,26(3)：40-42.
[7]郭倩.数控铣床图形自动编程系统的开发[J].装备制造技术,2008,(8)：88-89.
[8]任秀华,张超,张进生,王志,王经坤.石材异型制品加工设备数据库系统开发[J].现在制造工程,2006,(7)：55-58.
[9]Turchetta S. An energy based model for laser cutting nautical stone[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools& Manufacture,2005,6(45):761-767.
[10]TounshoffH K, Hillmann-Apmann H, Asche J. Diamond tools in stone and civil engineering industry:cutting principles, wear and applications[J]. Diamond and Related Materials,2002, 3(11):736-741.
[11]L Camino, W Polini, S Turchetta. Wear procession of diamond mills[J]. Diamond and Related Materials,2003,12:728-732.
[12]任爱华.计算机图形学[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.171-178.
[13]谭浩强.C语言设计(第二版)[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004.309-326.
[14]彭宴飞,刘建辉.橡皮筋技术在交互式绘图系统中应用[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2004,23：34-35.
[15]Amirouche, Farid M L. Principles of computer-aided design and manufacturing. Upper Saddle River, N. J:Pearson Prentice Hall,2004,23:78-82.
[16]Y Zhao, K Ridgway, Al-Amharic. Integration of CAD and a cutting tool selection system.Computers&Industrial Engineering,2002,42:17-34.
[17]李法新.基于CAD/CAM的数控加工自动编程系统的设计[D]：[硕士学位论文].西北工业大学,2002.
[18]陆卫忠,刘文亮.C++Builder程序设计教程[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.239-246.
[19]尹锋,金席卷.程序框图到源代码的自动转换研究[J].长沙大学学报,2007,21(2)：55-59.
[20]金建新.机床CNC系统中任意空间曲线的可控步长插补方法[J].机械工程学报,2000,36(4)：95-97.
[21]张彦博.等弧长椭圆时间分割插补算法[J].机床与液压,2005,(7)：41-43.
[22]于洋,魏娟.等误差法直线逼近非圆曲线节点计算新方法[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.2005,(5)：32-33.
[23]E Kant. Understanding and automating algorithm design [J]. IEEE trans. On Software Engineering. E-11,1985, (11):1361-1374.
[24]Fangwei Zhao, etal. Use of the Laplacian of Gaussian operator in prostate ultrasound image processing, Processing of the 20th Annual International Conference of the IEEE,1998,2: 812-815.
[25]贾桂红.任意空间曲线的数控加工编程处理[J].精密制造与自动化,2004,(4)：41-42.
[26]赵玉刚,宋现春.数控技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.19-65.
[27]陈浩.电火花线切割CAD/CAM/CNC一体化软件系统开发[D]：[硕士学位论文].华中科技大学,2005.
[28]王丽萍,孙国防,季绍坤.非圆曲线数控编程的等误差圆弧逼近法及其实现[J].现在制造工程,2006,(10)：30-32.
[29]汪学明.多边形顶点凹凸性识别算法的研究与实现[J].计算机应用,2005,25(8)：1786-1788
[30]万书亭,韩庆瑶.平面多边形凹凸性的顶点判别法[J].水利电力机械,2000,(8)：6-8.
[31]VelhoL, de M Gomes J. Digital halftoning with space filling curves. Computer Graphics,1991, 25(4):30-35.
[32]M.Salman A. Mansor, S.Hinduja. Voronoi diagram-based tool path compensations for removing uncut material in 2.5D pocket machining Computer-Aided Design,200,38(2):194-209.
[33]Yongfu Ren, Yuan-Shin Lee, Wen-Teng Wang. Height Performance manufacturing of complex surfaces using inverse cutting profiles and NC vertification of virtual models. Industry and System Engineering,2006,1(2):221-243.
[34]赵民,张锦丹.石材加工参数对金刚石刀具磨损影响研究[J].石材,2008,(8)：6-9.
[35]宴辉.金刚石成型刀加工技术简述[J].石材,2000,(1)：29-30.
[36]黄国钦,谢明红,徐西鹏.圆锯片数控加工异型石材样条的自动编程系统的开发[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2005,(4)：33-37.
[37]武勇,陆彦超.关于数控切割中加工余量的分析[J].新技术新工艺,2001(08)：30-31.
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