基于Davinci的立体图象硬件开发平台的设计与实现
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摘要
随着人们生活水平的提高以及科学技术的日益进步,数字视频引发了人们与电子产品交互方式的变革,数字视频应用也越来越广泛。与此同时,人们对数字视频的要求也越来越高,已经不再满足于传统的平面播放系统,希望能够再现自然界真实的三维景物。
本文深入研究了TI公司最新推出的Davinci技术,针对三维立体图像设计并实现了基于Davinci技术的三维立体图像播放硬件平台。主要研究内容涉及该系统的硬件平台架构、引导加载程序U-boot架构以及系统的调试开发等。
本系统立体图像压缩算法的实现需要强大的数字信号处理能力,同时也需要实现一些复杂的控制功能,单核处理器很难满足要求,如果使用多个处理器协同工作来实现,会提高系统的成本、复杂度以及多个处理器之间的协调难度。TI公司新推出的Davinci双核处理器TMS320DM6446在一个芯片封装内集成了ARM与DSP C64x+TM内核,并且片内集成了视频处理子系统以及许多外围设备模块,这样,不但提高了系统集成度以及双处理器的协同运作效率,还有效地降低了系统电路的复杂度和成本,是系统的主处理器的一个理想选择。
系统的硬件电路设计采用模块化的电路设计方法,缩短了设计周期。系统电路设计主要包括系统架构设计、芯片选型、视频输入输出接口设计、外围存储电路设计、以太网接口设计、USB接口设计等部分,并对系统的各个模块的功能及特点作了详细的介绍。系统软件部分则采用已经实现对Davinci芯片支持的操作系统MontaVista Linux 2.6.10以及引导加载程序u-boot-1.1.3,同时需要根据本系统自身的硬件结构对相关软件设置做一些调整。
系统硬件调试是系统功能实现的保证,也是本文的一项重要工作。本文分别以电源管理模块和存储器电路模块的调试为代表分别对完全基于硬件的调试和需要测试程序的硬件调试方法作了详细介绍。
本系统的硬件设计以及电路调试已经完成,U-boot以及Linux操作系统的移植也已经完成,相关附属功能正处于完善阶段。
With the development of technology, digital video has changed people’s life, and the digital video applications have become increasingly widespread. At the same time, the requirements for digital video have become increasingly high. People no longer satisfy with the conventional planar broadcast system. They hope the reappearance of the three-dimensional features of the nature.
This paper studies the TI’s new Davinci technology, designing and realizing the three-dimensional images broadcast hardware platform based on Davinci technology. The content of this paper mainly includes the system hardware structure, the U-boot loader structure and the system debugging development.
In this system, the three-dimensional image compression algorithm needs for strong digital signal processing capabilities. The system also needs to achieve a number of complex control functions. So single-core processor can hardly meet the requirements. Then if we use multiple processors to work together, it will increase the system cost, the complexity and the difficulties to coordinate between multiple processors. TI's new dual-core processor TMS320DM6446 integrates an ARM core and a DSP C64x+TM core in one chip. It also integrates the video processing subsystem, and many other peripheral modules on the chip. This feature not only improves the dual-core processor integration synergies operational efficiency, but also effectively reduces system circuit complexity and the cost. It is an ideal choice as the main system processor.
The hardware platform is designed by module to shorten the design cycle. The system design mainly includes the system architecture design, chip selection, video input and output interface design, external storage circuit design, ethernet interface design, USB interface design, and the other modules in the system. The functions and features of the modules were described in detail. MontaVista Linux 2.6.10 and the u-boot-1.1.3, which have already realized the supports for the Davinci, were selected as the operating system and boot loader respectively. Some software amendments need to be done according to the system hardware structure.
System hardware debugging is the guarantee to the realization. Also, it is an important task in the paper. The paper detailedly introduced the fully hardware-based debugging methods and the hardware debugging methods requiring software testing, taking the example of the power management module debugging and the memory module debugging representatively.
The hardware design and testing of the system has been completed. The migration of the boot loader and the Linux operating system has been completed, too. Some related subsidiary functions are drawing to a close.
本文深入研究了TI公司最新推出的Davinci技术,针对三维立体图像设计并实现了基于Davinci技术的三维立体图像播放硬件平台。主要研究内容涉及该系统的硬件平台架构、引导加载程序U-boot架构以及系统的调试开发等。
本系统立体图像压缩算法的实现需要强大的数字信号处理能力,同时也需要实现一些复杂的控制功能,单核处理器很难满足要求,如果使用多个处理器协同工作来实现,会提高系统的成本、复杂度以及多个处理器之间的协调难度。TI公司新推出的Davinci双核处理器TMS320DM6446在一个芯片封装内集成了ARM与DSP C64x+TM内核,并且片内集成了视频处理子系统以及许多外围设备模块,这样,不但提高了系统集成度以及双处理器的协同运作效率,还有效地降低了系统电路的复杂度和成本,是系统的主处理器的一个理想选择。
系统的硬件电路设计采用模块化的电路设计方法,缩短了设计周期。系统电路设计主要包括系统架构设计、芯片选型、视频输入输出接口设计、外围存储电路设计、以太网接口设计、USB接口设计等部分,并对系统的各个模块的功能及特点作了详细的介绍。系统软件部分则采用已经实现对Davinci芯片支持的操作系统MontaVista Linux 2.6.10以及引导加载程序u-boot-1.1.3,同时需要根据本系统自身的硬件结构对相关软件设置做一些调整。
系统硬件调试是系统功能实现的保证,也是本文的一项重要工作。本文分别以电源管理模块和存储器电路模块的调试为代表分别对完全基于硬件的调试和需要测试程序的硬件调试方法作了详细介绍。
本系统的硬件设计以及电路调试已经完成,U-boot以及Linux操作系统的移植也已经完成,相关附属功能正处于完善阶段。
With the development of technology, digital video has changed people’s life, and the digital video applications have become increasingly widespread. At the same time, the requirements for digital video have become increasingly high. People no longer satisfy with the conventional planar broadcast system. They hope the reappearance of the three-dimensional features of the nature.
This paper studies the TI’s new Davinci technology, designing and realizing the three-dimensional images broadcast hardware platform based on Davinci technology. The content of this paper mainly includes the system hardware structure, the U-boot loader structure and the system debugging development.
In this system, the three-dimensional image compression algorithm needs for strong digital signal processing capabilities. The system also needs to achieve a number of complex control functions. So single-core processor can hardly meet the requirements. Then if we use multiple processors to work together, it will increase the system cost, the complexity and the difficulties to coordinate between multiple processors. TI's new dual-core processor TMS320DM6446 integrates an ARM core and a DSP C64x+TM core in one chip. It also integrates the video processing subsystem, and many other peripheral modules on the chip. This feature not only improves the dual-core processor integration synergies operational efficiency, but also effectively reduces system circuit complexity and the cost. It is an ideal choice as the main system processor.
The hardware platform is designed by module to shorten the design cycle. The system design mainly includes the system architecture design, chip selection, video input and output interface design, external storage circuit design, ethernet interface design, USB interface design, and the other modules in the system. The functions and features of the modules were described in detail. MontaVista Linux 2.6.10 and the u-boot-1.1.3, which have already realized the supports for the Davinci, were selected as the operating system and boot loader respectively. Some software amendments need to be done according to the system hardware structure.
System hardware debugging is the guarantee to the realization. Also, it is an important task in the paper. The paper detailedly introduced the fully hardware-based debugging methods and the hardware debugging methods requiring software testing, taking the example of the power management module debugging and the memory module debugging representatively.
The hardware design and testing of the system has been completed. The migration of the boot loader and the Linux operating system has been completed, too. Some related subsidiary functions are drawing to a close.
引文
[1]郑灵翔等,嵌入式系统设计与应用开发,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006,1~15
[2]张晓林,崔迎炜,嵌入式系统设计与实践,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006,8~87
[3]宋磊,方向忠,达芬奇技术的视频应用分析,电路与应用,2006,9:31~33
[4]时龙兴,凌明,王学香,嵌入式系统——基于SEP3203微处理器的应用开发,北京:电子工业出版社,2006,3~25
[5]于开正,周海峰,高速实时数字信号处理器,集美大学学报,2001,6(3):260~263
[6]方进,Leo Adams,面向数字视频的达芬奇(DaVinci)技术,电子产品世界,2005-11:143~144
[7]郑小龙,达芬奇之旅——TI数字视频巡回研讨会的技术核心,电子产品世界,2007-01-05
[8] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM6446 Digital Media System-on-Chip,2006-01
[9] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS , TMS320DM644x DMSoC Peripherals Overview Reference Guide,2006-01
[10]徐鹏,邹浩斌,达芬奇技术简化数字视频设计,世界电子元器件,2006-02:49~53
[11] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,DaVinciTM技术概览,2007
[12] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC DSP Subsystem Reference Guide,2005-12
[13] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS , TMS320DM644x DMSoC ARM Subsystem Reference Guide,2005-12
[14] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x Power Consumption Summary,2006-04
[15] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Enhanced Direct Memory Access (EDMA) Controller User's Guide,2006-07
[16]崔晶,达芬奇数字媒体片上系统的架构和Linux启动过程,今日电子,2007-2:45~48
[17] Micron,256Mb:x4,x8,xl6 DDR2 SDRAM Features,2005-11
[18] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TPS54310——3-V TO 6-V INPUT, 3-A OUTPUTSYNCHRONOUS-BUCK PWM SWITCHER WITH INTEGRATED FETs (SWIFTTM),2005-04
[19] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TPS54350——4.5-V TO 20-V INPUT, 3-A OUTPUT SYNCHRONOUS PWM SWITCHER WITH INTEGRATED FETs (SWIFTTM),2004-10
[20] MAXIM , 5V/3.3V or Adjustable, Low-Dropout, Low IQ, 500mA Linear Regulators,1994
[21] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS , TPS3808 Low Quiescent Current, Programmable-Delay Supervisory Circuit,2005-10
[22] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC DDR2 Memory Controller User's Guide,2006-06
[23] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Asynchronous External Memory Interface (EMIF) User's Guide,2006-06
[24] AMD,Am29LV256M Data Sheet,2004-10-27
[25] Catalyst Semiconductor,CAT24WC256,1998
[26] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,PCA9306 DUAL BIDIRECTIONAL I2C BUS AND SMBus VOLTAGE-LEVEL TRANSLATOR,2006-07
[27] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC ATA Controller User's Guide,2005-12
[28] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,SN74AVCB164245 16-BIT DUAL-SUPPLY BUS TRANSCEIVER WITH CONFIGURABLE VOLTAGE TRANSLATION AND 3-STATE OUTPUTS,2005-06
[29] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Video Processing Front End (VPFE) User's Guide,2006-06
[30] OMNIVISION TECHNOLOGY,OV9650 Color CMOS SXGA(1.3 MegaPixel) OmniPixelTM CameraChipTM, 2005-01
[31] OMNIVISION TECHNOLOGY,OmniVision Serial Camera Control Bus (SCCB) Functional Specification (Version: 2.1),2003-02-26
[32]马超,刘政林,邹雷城,SCCB在ARM9嵌入式平台上的实现,计算机与数字工程,2006,34(7):134~137
[33] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Video Processing Back End (VPBE) User's Guide,2005-12
[34] Digital Display Working Group (DDWG),Digital Visual Interface (DVI),1999
[35] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TFP410 TI PanelBus Digital Transmitter,2002-01
[36]郝亚茹,王瑞光,郑喜凤,TFP410在数字视频接口中的应用,电子器件,2007,30(1):303~306
[37] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Universal Asynchronous 94Receiver/Transmitter (UART) User's Guide,2005-12
[38] MAXIM,1μA Supply-Current, True +3V to +5.5V RS-232 Transceivers with AutoShutdown,2002
[39] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Peripheral User's Guide,2006-03
[40] Philips Semiconductors,PCF8574 Remote 8-bit I/O/8expander for I2C-bus,1997-04-02
[41]陈启美,王刚,丁传伟,陈锁柱,USB技术概况,电力自动化设备,2001,21(2):55~59
[42] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Univeral Serial Bus (USB) Controller User's Guide,2005-12
[43] Genesys Logic,GL850A USB 2.0 Low-Power HUB Controller Datasheet,2006-11-03
[44]陈乃塘,USB HUB装置的架构剖析,Micro-Electronics,2005-01:44~50
[45]邵小桃,蒋延生,汪文乘,一种新型USB2.0高速集线器的设计与实现,徽型机与应用,2003,7:22~24
[46] Compaq Computer Corporation, Hewlett-Packard Company, Intel Corporation, Lucent Technologies Inc, Microsoft Corporation, NEC Corporation, Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.,Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 2.0,2000-04-27
[47] Analog Integrations Corporation,AIC1526 Dual USB High-Side Power Switch
[48] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Ethernet Media Access Controller(EMAC)/ Management Data Input/Output(MDIO) Module User's Guide,2005-12
[49] Intel,LXT971A——3.3V Dual-Speed Fast Ethernet Transceiver Datasheet,2001-01
[50]杨悦梅,何丹,基于LXT971A的嵌入式系统的网络通讯设计,国外电子元器件,2005,9:22~25
[51]中山市汉仁电子有限公司,LAN PRODUCTS RJ45 CONNECTOR WITH INTEGRATED MAGNETICS
[52] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Audio Serial Port (ASP) User's Guide,2005-12
[53] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TLV320AIC32——LOW POWER STEREO AUDIO CODEC FOR PORTABLE AUDIO/TELEPHONY,2006-08
[54]陈国民,张瑞,王安华,基于DSP平台及G.729A算法的系统设计,器件与电路,2006,10:29~32
[55] Michael Barr,C/C++嵌入式系统编程(于志宏),北京:中国电力出版社,2001,65~94
[56]詹荣开,嵌入式系统Boot Loader技术内幕,2003
[57]孙纪坤,张小全,嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解——基于ARM,北京:人民邮电出版社,2006,108~114
[2]张晓林,崔迎炜,嵌入式系统设计与实践,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006,8~87
[3]宋磊,方向忠,达芬奇技术的视频应用分析,电路与应用,2006,9:31~33
[4]时龙兴,凌明,王学香,嵌入式系统——基于SEP3203微处理器的应用开发,北京:电子工业出版社,2006,3~25
[5]于开正,周海峰,高速实时数字信号处理器,集美大学学报,2001,6(3):260~263
[6]方进,Leo Adams,面向数字视频的达芬奇(DaVinci)技术,电子产品世界,2005-11:143~144
[7]郑小龙,达芬奇之旅——TI数字视频巡回研讨会的技术核心,电子产品世界,2007-01-05
[8] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM6446 Digital Media System-on-Chip,2006-01
[9] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS , TMS320DM644x DMSoC Peripherals Overview Reference Guide,2006-01
[10]徐鹏,邹浩斌,达芬奇技术简化数字视频设计,世界电子元器件,2006-02:49~53
[11] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,DaVinciTM技术概览,2007
[12] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC DSP Subsystem Reference Guide,2005-12
[13] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS , TMS320DM644x DMSoC ARM Subsystem Reference Guide,2005-12
[14] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x Power Consumption Summary,2006-04
[15] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Enhanced Direct Memory Access (EDMA) Controller User's Guide,2006-07
[16]崔晶,达芬奇数字媒体片上系统的架构和Linux启动过程,今日电子,2007-2:45~48
[17] Micron,256Mb:x4,x8,xl6 DDR2 SDRAM Features,2005-11
[18] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TPS54310——3-V TO 6-V INPUT, 3-A OUTPUTSYNCHRONOUS-BUCK PWM SWITCHER WITH INTEGRATED FETs (SWIFTTM),2005-04
[19] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TPS54350——4.5-V TO 20-V INPUT, 3-A OUTPUT SYNCHRONOUS PWM SWITCHER WITH INTEGRATED FETs (SWIFTTM),2004-10
[20] MAXIM , 5V/3.3V or Adjustable, Low-Dropout, Low IQ, 500mA Linear Regulators,1994
[21] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS , TPS3808 Low Quiescent Current, Programmable-Delay Supervisory Circuit,2005-10
[22] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC DDR2 Memory Controller User's Guide,2006-06
[23] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Asynchronous External Memory Interface (EMIF) User's Guide,2006-06
[24] AMD,Am29LV256M Data Sheet,2004-10-27
[25] Catalyst Semiconductor,CAT24WC256,1998
[26] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,PCA9306 DUAL BIDIRECTIONAL I2C BUS AND SMBus VOLTAGE-LEVEL TRANSLATOR,2006-07
[27] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC ATA Controller User's Guide,2005-12
[28] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,SN74AVCB164245 16-BIT DUAL-SUPPLY BUS TRANSCEIVER WITH CONFIGURABLE VOLTAGE TRANSLATION AND 3-STATE OUTPUTS,2005-06
[29] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Video Processing Front End (VPFE) User's Guide,2006-06
[30] OMNIVISION TECHNOLOGY,OV9650 Color CMOS SXGA(1.3 MegaPixel) OmniPixelTM CameraChipTM, 2005-01
[31] OMNIVISION TECHNOLOGY,OmniVision Serial Camera Control Bus (SCCB) Functional Specification (Version: 2.1),2003-02-26
[32]马超,刘政林,邹雷城,SCCB在ARM9嵌入式平台上的实现,计算机与数字工程,2006,34(7):134~137
[33] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Video Processing Back End (VPBE) User's Guide,2005-12
[34] Digital Display Working Group (DDWG),Digital Visual Interface (DVI),1999
[35] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TFP410 TI PanelBus Digital Transmitter,2002-01
[36]郝亚茹,王瑞光,郑喜凤,TFP410在数字视频接口中的应用,电子器件,2007,30(1):303~306
[37] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Universal Asynchronous 94Receiver/Transmitter (UART) User's Guide,2005-12
[38] MAXIM,1μA Supply-Current, True +3V to +5.5V RS-232 Transceivers with AutoShutdown,2002
[39] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Peripheral User's Guide,2006-03
[40] Philips Semiconductors,PCF8574 Remote 8-bit I/O/8expander for I2C-bus,1997-04-02
[41]陈启美,王刚,丁传伟,陈锁柱,USB技术概况,电力自动化设备,2001,21(2):55~59
[42] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Univeral Serial Bus (USB) Controller User's Guide,2005-12
[43] Genesys Logic,GL850A USB 2.0 Low-Power HUB Controller Datasheet,2006-11-03
[44]陈乃塘,USB HUB装置的架构剖析,Micro-Electronics,2005-01:44~50
[45]邵小桃,蒋延生,汪文乘,一种新型USB2.0高速集线器的设计与实现,徽型机与应用,2003,7:22~24
[46] Compaq Computer Corporation, Hewlett-Packard Company, Intel Corporation, Lucent Technologies Inc, Microsoft Corporation, NEC Corporation, Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.,Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 2.0,2000-04-27
[47] Analog Integrations Corporation,AIC1526 Dual USB High-Side Power Switch
[48] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Ethernet Media Access Controller(EMAC)/ Management Data Input/Output(MDIO) Module User's Guide,2005-12
[49] Intel,LXT971A——3.3V Dual-Speed Fast Ethernet Transceiver Datasheet,2001-01
[50]杨悦梅,何丹,基于LXT971A的嵌入式系统的网络通讯设计,国外电子元器件,2005,9:22~25
[51]中山市汉仁电子有限公司,LAN PRODUCTS RJ45 CONNECTOR WITH INTEGRATED MAGNETICS
[52] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320DM644x DMSoC Audio Serial Port (ASP) User's Guide,2005-12
[53] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TLV320AIC32——LOW POWER STEREO AUDIO CODEC FOR PORTABLE AUDIO/TELEPHONY,2006-08
[54]陈国民,张瑞,王安华,基于DSP平台及G.729A算法的系统设计,器件与电路,2006,10:29~32
[55] Michael Barr,C/C++嵌入式系统编程(于志宏),北京:中国电力出版社,2001,65~94
[56]詹荣开,嵌入式系统Boot Loader技术内幕,2003
[57]孙纪坤,张小全,嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解——基于ARM,北京:人民邮电出版社,2006,108~114