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机泵群无线监测中数据压缩与优化传输技术研究
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摘要
大型工业装置中往往包含了分布广泛、数量众多的压缩机,泵类设备。一旦发生故障,轻则造成装置停车、影响生产;重则发生安全事故、危及生命。因此,机泵运行状态实时在线监测系统是预知维修、保证机泵设备长周期稳定运行的必要条件。论文在系统研究了前人相关工作的基础上,对大型化工装置机泵群无线实时监测的关键技术开展了深入的研究,包括振动数据压缩、无线中继节点部署和无线路由协议设计,并取得了如下成果:
     (1)通过研究中国石油辽阳石化机械技术研究所中自1990年开始所有的机泵设备故障诊断报告,总结了机泵设备振动信号对于在线监测和故障诊断所能提供的主要信息,分析了机泵设备振动信号压缩的特殊性和应用于机泵设备振动信号的压缩算法特点。
     针对目前数据压缩算法在极低传输速率下存在的重构误差较大、容易引发误诊断的问题,提出了一种结合正交变换和矢量量化的振动信号压缩方法。实例研究表明,对于滚动轴承、滑动轴承和齿轮箱等振动信号,该方法可以在低传输速率(小于300bit/s)下,显著提高重构信噪比。
     (2)研究了工业监测系统可靠性与中继节点部署问题,根据大型化工装置中无线信道的特点,分析了无线中继节点优化部署问题的复杂性。利用贪婪思想将整个无线监测系统的中继节点部署转化为一个若干个单梯度层次中继节点优化部署问题,构造了0-1数学规划模型。
     针对大型化工装置无线节点部署过程中存在的可靠性监测与部署成本之间的矛盾,提出了一种新的无线中继节点部署的方法。该方法由无线信道勘测、无线信道路径衰减因子估计和无线中继节点部署三部分组成。实例研究表明,该方法可以在满足工业监测实时性和可靠性的前提下有效减小中继的数目,并且优化算法的时间复杂度显著低于一般的启发式算法。
     (3)通过分析几种主流的工业无线协议的路由策略,建立了工业路由协议中控制开销和传输延迟的数学模型。根据大型化工装置中机泵群设备监测的实际需求,分析了两种主要的监测模式(日常点检模式、设备报警模式)的特点并提出了适合的路由策略。
     针对一般工业路由协议中普遍存在的控制开销和传输延迟较大的问题,提出了一种将表路由与按需路由相结合的新的无线路由协议。这种新的路由协议可以根据不同的监测模式选择不同的路由方式。实例研究表明,在点检模式下,该协议能使无线路由开销下降30%-40%;在报警模式下,该协议能使无线传输延迟减小10%-50%。
     最后,基于论文的研究成果,以中国石油辽阳石化140万吨重整装置中的一层平面机泵群为对象设计并部署了一套无线监测的实验系统,工程应用取得了满意的效果。
A great of fans and pumps are widely distributed in the large chemicalplant.Once fault occurs, it will cause device shutdown and economic losses tothe enterprise.Worsely, it will cause Heavy accidents and casualty. Real-timeonline monitoring system is a necessary condition to implement to predictrepair and ensure the stable operation of pump equipment long cycle. Studiedfrom previous work, this paper researched vibration data compression,wireless relay node deployment and wireless routing protocol of the keytechnology to build a wireless real-time monitoring system of fans and pumpsin the large chemical plant and obtained the following achievements:
     (1) After researching all pump fault diagnosis reports in China PetroleumLiaoyang Petrochemical Research Institute of machinery since1990, wesummarize the main information which provided for the on-line monitoringand fault diagnosis by the pump equipment vibration signal. Further, wepropose unique characteristics of the pump equipment vibration signalcompression contrasted with other signal compression and analyze the characteristics of the algorithm which applied to pump equipment vibrationsignal compression.
     Aiming at the large reconstruction error exists in the current datacompression algorithms under very low transmission rate which easily lead tofalse diagnosis, this paper presents a new compression algorithm combinedwith the orthogonal transform and vector Quantization. Proved by actualsignal, for vibration signals made by rolling bearing, sliding bearing and gearbox, this algorithm can significantly improve the reconstruction snr in thesituation of low rate transmission (less than300bit/s).
     (2) Through the research of the relationship between reliability ofindustrial monitoring system and deployment problem relay nodes and theresearch of wireless channel in large-scale chemical plant, we analysis thecomplexity of wireless relay node optimal deployment problem in largechemical device. By simplifying the problem using greedy idea, wetranslatethe whole relay nodes deployment problem into several singlegradient levels relay node deployment optimization problem and set up amathematical model based on0-1programming.
     In view of the contradiction between the reliability of monitoring anddeployment costs in the process of wireless relay node deployment in largechemical plant, this paper presents a new method for wireless relay nodedeployment. The method contains three parts: wireless channel survey,estimation of wireless channel path attenuation factor and wireless relay node deployment.Through an actual deployment in chemical plant, The algorithmcan effectively reduce the number of wireless relays in the situation of meetingthe premise of real-time and reliability of industrial monitoring, and the timecomplexity of the algorithm is significantly lower than the general heuristicalgorithm.
     (3) By analysing routing strategies of the industrial wireless protocol, weestablished two mathematical models of overhead and transmission delay ofthe routing strategies in industrial wireless protocol. According to actualdemands of pumps group equipment monitoring in large-scale chemical plant,we analyze features of two kinds of main monitoring mode: daily check modeand equipment alarm mode and propose a routing strategy for each monitoringmode.
     According to problems of too large routing control overhead and highdata transmission delay in current industrial wireless routing protocol, thispaper proposed a new wireless routing protocol combined with routing tableand on-demand routing according to the monitoring mode of fans and pumpsin large chemical plant. The protocol chooses wireless routing in differentways according to different monitoring mode. Simulation results show that, inthe inspection mode, the proposed protocol can reduce the wireless routingoverhead by30%-40%; in the alarm mode, the proposed protocol can reducetransmission delay by10%-50%.
     Finally, in order to validate the research results, we built an experimental wireless monitoring system for fans and pumps in the1400000tons/year ofreforming plant of CNPC Liaoyang Petrochemical Industries Co. Theeffectiveness of our system is verified through the practical application.
引文
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