辽西地区先秦时期居民的体质人类学与分子考古学研究
|
摘要
本文以辽西地区先秦时期的人骨材料为研究对象,从体质人类学与分子考古学两个方面入手,结合了考古学、古气候学的研究成果,从人本身出发,对辽西地区先秦时期居民的种属、遗传结构进行较为全面地考察,并对其渊源、流向、发展、迁徙、与周边居民的相互关系等进行探索,为探讨辽西地区乃至中国北方长城地带先秦时期考古学文化谱系等问题提供丰富的人种学和遗传学资料。
本文的研究结果表明,在新石器时代的辽西地区,“古东北类型”居民应该是这里最原始的土著,他们基因较单一,应该是在相对独立的环境下发展起来的。进入青铜时代后,生产力水平提高,人的流动性增强,人群间的基因交流逐渐增多,辽西周边地区“古华北类型”的居民的一支进入了辽西,并逐渐代替了“古东北类型”居民成为这里的主体人群。到了青铜时代晚期,一支流动性和迁徙性较强、形态特征属于“古蒙古高原类型”的人群从蒙古高原南下进入辽西地区,为辽西地区人种组成和基因多态性注入了新的元素。这一时期,辽西地区古代居民的不同人种类型呈现交错分布的状态。总之,辽西地区先秦时期居民种系成分复杂,具有多元性。
Because of its location as a transportation point, Western Liaoning was a key point for culture communication between Central Plains and northeastern region. Western Liaoning is located in the east end of the northern nomads belt along the Great Wall of China, which was the obvious boundary between Central Plains and frontier fortress. The region played an important role when human beings undergo barbarism to civilization and in the development of Chinese civilization and also in the contact between agricultural cultivation and nomadic economy, is one original region of Chinese civilization. It was the first frontier which the Cathay Civilization touched, and it became a melting region between the Cathay Civilization and frontier minority culture since Spring and Autumn and Warring Stage Period. Along with the change of environment and climate, the alternation of archaeological cultures, economic lifestyle and composition of the residents varied a lot before Qin Dynasty. Finding out the source and flow of the residents in Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty is not only helpful to understand the relationship of the prehistory residents in this region, but also important for a thorough study of the complex archeological cultural exchange of the Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty and the evolutionary history of the whole the northern nomads belt along the Great Wall of China. So, the source and flow of the residents in Western Liaoning has always been the focus of attention of archaeologists and anthropologists.
This paper takes human skeletons in Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty as the research object, combining both physical anthropological and molecular archeological methods to conduct a comprehensive inspection, starting from the human beings themselves, to figure out the residents before Qin Dynasty origin, flow, integration, differentiation in the region. For future research on archaeological cultural exchanges, inheritance, alternative, etc., it provides a solid foundation. Full text is divided into seven chapters:
Chapter 1, "Preface": The chapter defines the spatial and temporal scales of this study. Western Liaoning "means the Yiwulv Mountain west to the north, on both sides of the Xar Moron River, including the Xar Moron River, the old Ha River, Daling River, Xiaoling River and their tributary areas"; although it is "the period before Qin Dynasty", however, the earliest era of the information only of late Hongshan Culture Niuheliang sites. At the same time, the archaeological cultures' outlined pedigree of the period before Qin Dynasty in Western Liaoning is provided. This chapter then conducts a brief introduction of physical anthropological research methods, molecular archeology and its experimental methods. Meantime, it explains the purpose and significance of this article.
Chapter 2, "Research on ethnic types and genetic structure of residents of Hongshan Culture from the stone tombs in Niuheliang": This chapter preliminarily identified the ethnic types of the ancient ethnic group residents by using statistical methods to compare it with modern Asian Mongoloid racial types. Morphological features of the residents of Hongshan Culture at Niuheliang are of "Ancient North-East type". Comparing with modern populations, ancient population of the Stone Tombs in Hongshan, Niuheliang site had close relative relationship to east Asian populations particularly Chinese Han population. There existed the most recent matrilineal genetic relationship between ancient population of the Stone Tombs in Hongshan and Chinese Han.
Chapter 3, "Research on ethnic types and genetic structure of residents of Xiaoheyan Culture from the Ha La Hai site": This chapter preliminarily identified the ethnic types of the ancient ethnic group residents by observation and measurement of the morphological characteristics and using statistical methods to compare it with modern Asian Mongoloid racial types. Morphological features of the residents of Xiaoheyan Culture at Ha La Hai site are of "Ancient North-East type". Genetic analysis result showed this ancient population had a close maternal genetic relationship with Chinese Korean people and Japanese people, as well as Chinese Southern, Northern Han population, and Ha La Hai graves are more likely to be a family cemetery.
Chapter 4, "Research on ethnic types and genetic structure of residents of Lamadong Bronze Age burial": As the result of morphological features analysis, only one case of individual's morphological features of Lamadong Bronze Age residents shows a certain similarity to ancient race of "Ancient North China type"; and it may be from indigenous populations in Western Liaoning.
Chapter 5, "Ethnographic research on the residents in Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty": In this chapter combined with the previous physical anthropological research results in the large spatial and temporal scale of the period before Qin Dynasty Western Liaoning, the geographic distributions and genetic relationship of ancient inhabitants of different archaeological cultures and other related questions is discussed in depth. Studies have shown that in the Neolithic of Western Liaoning, the "Ancient North-East type" of residents should be the most primitive indigenous here. After entering into the Bronze Age, the "Ancient North China type" of residents from the surrounding areas of Western Liaoning entered into there and gradually replaced the old "Ancient North-East type" of residents becoming the main body of the population here. By the late Bronze Age, a flow of residents with high mobility and migratory ability from further north area went into the Western Liaoning, and its morphology was "Ancient Mongolian Plateau type", injected new elements to the ethnic composition of Western Liaoning. During this period, ancient residents of different ethnic types showed staggered distribution status in Western Liaoning. In short, during the period before Qin Dynasty in Western Liaoning residents had complex and germ-line sources, manifesting pluralism.
Chapter 6, "Ancient DNA research on the residents in Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty": This chapter firstly takes a few of Human bone materials of the period before Qin Dynasty in Western Liaoning as research objects for the study of mitochondrial DNA genetic structure. Conclusions are as follows:
1), The Dadianzi Xiajiadian lower cultural residents had close matrilineal genetic relationship to Northeast Asia populations. But there was no synchronization relationship between their inner social class, physical characteristics and the maternally inherit;
2), Three individual cases found in Dashanqian Xiajiadian lower cultural burial pits and Niuheliang site Xiajiadian lower cultural burial should have some genetics-based traits of ancestor model to modern East Asian populations, and had relatively close maternal genetic relationship with modern East Asian populations;
3), The Dashanqian Xiajiadian upper Culture ash pits' residents and East Asian populations maintained the most close matriarchal genetic relationship. They played an important role in the formation and development of the modern Chinese Northern Han, Mongolian and South Korean. Through the analysis of their genetic relationship between individuals, from the perspective of molecular archeology, the ash pits of Dashanqian upper Xiajiadian culture were more likely "ritual pit", and worship as a family activity for many units as the offerings of martyrdom;
4), The Dashanqian Warring State Period burials' residents and the Chinese Southern Han population remained relatively close maternally genetic relationship. Based on research in the previous chapters, combined with previous research, using of colony genetic analysis and phylogenetic analysis, adding the residents in Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty to larger spatial and temporal scales, the research attempts to reconstruct the genetic structure of the residents in Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty at a broader geographical area as in northern China. Through analyzing mitochondrial DNA lineage at different times and frequency distributions of different locations, the study reveals kinship among the residents of Western Liaoning and its neighborhoods, and on the molecular level explores the historical position, role and contribution of the residents in Western Liaoning in northern China before Qin Dynasty. The results show that the Neolithic people in Western Liaoning genetically simpler, they developed in the relatively independent environment. After entering the Bronze Age, improvement of productivity levels and the mobility of people gradually enhanced the gene flow between populations. Even to the Spring and Autumn and Warring Stage Period, a large number of people originated in North Asia entered into the Western Liaoning, which injected a new dimension into the gene polymorphism of Western Liaoning. Diversification of resident sources made the archaeological culture in Western Liaoning complicated and varied.
Chapter 7, "Conclusion": Finally, it summarizes the work of the thesis, and notes some understandings of the effects of physical anthropology and molecular archaeology in archaeological researches, and also points out the locality that needs to perfect and further development orientation and stress.
本文的研究结果表明,在新石器时代的辽西地区,“古东北类型”居民应该是这里最原始的土著,他们基因较单一,应该是在相对独立的环境下发展起来的。进入青铜时代后,生产力水平提高,人的流动性增强,人群间的基因交流逐渐增多,辽西周边地区“古华北类型”的居民的一支进入了辽西,并逐渐代替了“古东北类型”居民成为这里的主体人群。到了青铜时代晚期,一支流动性和迁徙性较强、形态特征属于“古蒙古高原类型”的人群从蒙古高原南下进入辽西地区,为辽西地区人种组成和基因多态性注入了新的元素。这一时期,辽西地区古代居民的不同人种类型呈现交错分布的状态。总之,辽西地区先秦时期居民种系成分复杂,具有多元性。
Because of its location as a transportation point, Western Liaoning was a key point for culture communication between Central Plains and northeastern region. Western Liaoning is located in the east end of the northern nomads belt along the Great Wall of China, which was the obvious boundary between Central Plains and frontier fortress. The region played an important role when human beings undergo barbarism to civilization and in the development of Chinese civilization and also in the contact between agricultural cultivation and nomadic economy, is one original region of Chinese civilization. It was the first frontier which the Cathay Civilization touched, and it became a melting region between the Cathay Civilization and frontier minority culture since Spring and Autumn and Warring Stage Period. Along with the change of environment and climate, the alternation of archaeological cultures, economic lifestyle and composition of the residents varied a lot before Qin Dynasty. Finding out the source and flow of the residents in Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty is not only helpful to understand the relationship of the prehistory residents in this region, but also important for a thorough study of the complex archeological cultural exchange of the Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty and the evolutionary history of the whole the northern nomads belt along the Great Wall of China. So, the source and flow of the residents in Western Liaoning has always been the focus of attention of archaeologists and anthropologists.
This paper takes human skeletons in Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty as the research object, combining both physical anthropological and molecular archeological methods to conduct a comprehensive inspection, starting from the human beings themselves, to figure out the residents before Qin Dynasty origin, flow, integration, differentiation in the region. For future research on archaeological cultural exchanges, inheritance, alternative, etc., it provides a solid foundation. Full text is divided into seven chapters:
Chapter 1, "Preface": The chapter defines the spatial and temporal scales of this study. Western Liaoning "means the Yiwulv Mountain west to the north, on both sides of the Xar Moron River, including the Xar Moron River, the old Ha River, Daling River, Xiaoling River and their tributary areas"; although it is "the period before Qin Dynasty", however, the earliest era of the information only of late Hongshan Culture Niuheliang sites. At the same time, the archaeological cultures' outlined pedigree of the period before Qin Dynasty in Western Liaoning is provided. This chapter then conducts a brief introduction of physical anthropological research methods, molecular archeology and its experimental methods. Meantime, it explains the purpose and significance of this article.
Chapter 2, "Research on ethnic types and genetic structure of residents of Hongshan Culture from the stone tombs in Niuheliang": This chapter preliminarily identified the ethnic types of the ancient ethnic group residents by using statistical methods to compare it with modern Asian Mongoloid racial types. Morphological features of the residents of Hongshan Culture at Niuheliang are of "Ancient North-East type". Comparing with modern populations, ancient population of the Stone Tombs in Hongshan, Niuheliang site had close relative relationship to east Asian populations particularly Chinese Han population. There existed the most recent matrilineal genetic relationship between ancient population of the Stone Tombs in Hongshan and Chinese Han.
Chapter 3, "Research on ethnic types and genetic structure of residents of Xiaoheyan Culture from the Ha La Hai site": This chapter preliminarily identified the ethnic types of the ancient ethnic group residents by observation and measurement of the morphological characteristics and using statistical methods to compare it with modern Asian Mongoloid racial types. Morphological features of the residents of Xiaoheyan Culture at Ha La Hai site are of "Ancient North-East type". Genetic analysis result showed this ancient population had a close maternal genetic relationship with Chinese Korean people and Japanese people, as well as Chinese Southern, Northern Han population, and Ha La Hai graves are more likely to be a family cemetery.
Chapter 4, "Research on ethnic types and genetic structure of residents of Lamadong Bronze Age burial": As the result of morphological features analysis, only one case of individual's morphological features of Lamadong Bronze Age residents shows a certain similarity to ancient race of "Ancient North China type"; and it may be from indigenous populations in Western Liaoning.
Chapter 5, "Ethnographic research on the residents in Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty": In this chapter combined with the previous physical anthropological research results in the large spatial and temporal scale of the period before Qin Dynasty Western Liaoning, the geographic distributions and genetic relationship of ancient inhabitants of different archaeological cultures and other related questions is discussed in depth. Studies have shown that in the Neolithic of Western Liaoning, the "Ancient North-East type" of residents should be the most primitive indigenous here. After entering into the Bronze Age, the "Ancient North China type" of residents from the surrounding areas of Western Liaoning entered into there and gradually replaced the old "Ancient North-East type" of residents becoming the main body of the population here. By the late Bronze Age, a flow of residents with high mobility and migratory ability from further north area went into the Western Liaoning, and its morphology was "Ancient Mongolian Plateau type", injected new elements to the ethnic composition of Western Liaoning. During this period, ancient residents of different ethnic types showed staggered distribution status in Western Liaoning. In short, during the period before Qin Dynasty in Western Liaoning residents had complex and germ-line sources, manifesting pluralism.
Chapter 6, "Ancient DNA research on the residents in Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty": This chapter firstly takes a few of Human bone materials of the period before Qin Dynasty in Western Liaoning as research objects for the study of mitochondrial DNA genetic structure. Conclusions are as follows:
1), The Dadianzi Xiajiadian lower cultural residents had close matrilineal genetic relationship to Northeast Asia populations. But there was no synchronization relationship between their inner social class, physical characteristics and the maternally inherit;
2), Three individual cases found in Dashanqian Xiajiadian lower cultural burial pits and Niuheliang site Xiajiadian lower cultural burial should have some genetics-based traits of ancestor model to modern East Asian populations, and had relatively close maternal genetic relationship with modern East Asian populations;
3), The Dashanqian Xiajiadian upper Culture ash pits' residents and East Asian populations maintained the most close matriarchal genetic relationship. They played an important role in the formation and development of the modern Chinese Northern Han, Mongolian and South Korean. Through the analysis of their genetic relationship between individuals, from the perspective of molecular archeology, the ash pits of Dashanqian upper Xiajiadian culture were more likely "ritual pit", and worship as a family activity for many units as the offerings of martyrdom;
4), The Dashanqian Warring State Period burials' residents and the Chinese Southern Han population remained relatively close maternally genetic relationship. Based on research in the previous chapters, combined with previous research, using of colony genetic analysis and phylogenetic analysis, adding the residents in Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty to larger spatial and temporal scales, the research attempts to reconstruct the genetic structure of the residents in Western Liaoning before Qin Dynasty at a broader geographical area as in northern China. Through analyzing mitochondrial DNA lineage at different times and frequency distributions of different locations, the study reveals kinship among the residents of Western Liaoning and its neighborhoods, and on the molecular level explores the historical position, role and contribution of the residents in Western Liaoning in northern China before Qin Dynasty. The results show that the Neolithic people in Western Liaoning genetically simpler, they developed in the relatively independent environment. After entering the Bronze Age, improvement of productivity levels and the mobility of people gradually enhanced the gene flow between populations. Even to the Spring and Autumn and Warring Stage Period, a large number of people originated in North Asia entered into the Western Liaoning, which injected a new dimension into the gene polymorphism of Western Liaoning. Diversification of resident sources made the archaeological culture in Western Liaoning complicated and varied.
Chapter 7, "Conclusion": Finally, it summarizes the work of the thesis, and notes some understandings of the effects of physical anthropology and molecular archaeology in archaeological researches, and also points out the locality that needs to perfect and further development orientation and stress.
引文
1张忠培.辽宁古遗存的分区、编年及其他——“环渤海考古”学术讨论会上的发言[J].辽海文物学刊,1991(1):8-12.
2张小咏. 5000aB.P.以来辽西地区环境演变与人地关系研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文,2003.
3杨虎.试论兴隆洼文化及相关问题[C]//中国考古学研究编委会.中国考古学研究——夏鼐先生考古五十年纪念论文集.北京:文物出版社,1986:71-81.
4中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗兴隆洼遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1985(10):865-874.
5辽宁省文物考古研究所.阜新查海新石器时代遗址试掘简报[J].辽海文物学刊,1988(1):11-16.
6内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古林西县白音长汗新石器时代遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1993(7):577-586.
7内蒙古文物考古研究所.克什克腾旗南台子遗址发掘简报[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第一辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1994:87-95.
8河北省文物研究所.河北省迁西县东寨遗址发掘简报[J].文物春秋,1992年增刊:128-143.
9 a.中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队,敖汉旗博物馆.内蒙古敖汉旗兴隆沟新石器时代遗址调查[J].考古,2000(9):30-48.b.刘国祥,贾笑冰,赵明辉,邵国田.赤峰兴隆沟遗址发掘可望解决多项学术课题[N].中国文物报,2001-11-16(1). c.刘国祥,贾笑冰,赵明辉,邵国田.兴隆沟遗址发掘又有重要发现[N].中国文物报,2003-1-3(1转2). d.刘国祥.兴隆沟聚落遗址发掘收获及意义[M]//刘国祥.东北文物考古论集.北京:科学出版社,2004:58-74. e.中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古第一工作队.内蒙古赤峰市兴隆沟聚落遗址2002—2003年的发掘[J].考古,2004(7):3-8.
10赵宾福.东北石器时代考古[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2003.
11朱风瀚.吉林奈曼旗大沁他拉新石器时代遗址调查[J].考古,1979(3):209-222.
12河北省文物管理处.河北迁安安新庄新石器遗址调查和试掘[C]//《考古》编辑部.考古学集刊(第4辑).北京:中国社会科学出版社,1984:96-110.
13苏秉琦.辽西古文化古城古国——兼谈当前田野考古工作的重点或大课题[J].文物,1986(8):41-44.
14中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗小山遗址[J].考古,1987(6):481-506.
15中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗赵宝沟一号遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1988(1):1-6.
16同15.
17敖汉旗博物馆.敖汉旗南台地赵宝沟文化遗址调查[J].内蒙古文物考古,1991(1):2-10.
18 a.同6. b.内蒙古文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古学系.内蒙古林西县白音长汗新石器时代遗址1991年发掘简报[J].文物,2002(1):4-15. c.内蒙古文物考古研究所.白音长汗——新石器时代遗址发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
19 a.内蒙古文物考古研究所.林西县水泉遗址发掘述要[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:78-84. b.内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古林西县水泉遗址发掘简报[J].考古,2005(11):19-29.
20刘晋祥.翁牛特旗小善德沟新石器时代遗址[M]//中国考古学会.中国考古学年鉴1989.北京:文物出版社,1990:130-131.
21张治强.西寨遗址陶器分析[J].北方文物,2005(3):11-18.
22同10.
23中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古巴林左旗富河沟门遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1964(1):1-5.
24朱延平.富河文化的若干问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第一辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1994:114-118.
25同10.
26陈国庆.辽西地区新石器时代考古文化的形成与发展——兼论与周邻地区考古文化的互动关系[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2006.
27安特生.奉天锦西县沙锅屯洞穴层[M]//地质调查所.古生物(丁种第1号第1册). 1933.
28滨田耕作,水野清一.赤峰红山后[M].东京:东亚考古学会.东方考古学丛刊(甲种第六册),1938.
29尹达.关于赤峰红山后的新石器时代遗址[M]//尹达.新石器时代.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店出版社,1955:143-146.
30中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.赤峰蜘蛛山遗址的发掘[J].考古学报,1979(2):215-243.
31中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.赤峰西水泉红山文化遗址[J].考古学报,1982(2):183-198.
32同18c.
33内蒙古文物考古研究所.巴林左旗友好村二道梁红山文化遗址发掘简报[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第一辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1994:96-113.
34 a.同4. b.杨虎.关于红山文化的几个问题[C]//庆祝苏秉琦考古五十五周年论文集编写组.庆祝苏秉琦考古五十五周年论文集.北京:文物出版社,1989:216-266.
35辽宁省博物馆,昭乌达盟文物工作站,敖汉旗文化馆.辽宁敖汉旗小河沿三种原始文化的发现[J].文物,1977(12):1-12转81.
36 a.同7. b.内蒙古文物考古研究所.克什克腾旗南台子遗址[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:53-77.
37巴林右旗博物馆.内蒙古巴林右旗那斯台遗址调查[J].考古,1987(6):507-518.
38辽宁省文物考古研究所,朝阳市博物馆,朝阳县文物管理所.朝阳小东山新石器至汉代遗址发掘报告[C]//辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁省道路建设考古报告集(2003).沈阳:辽宁民族出版社,2004:1-94.
39辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁红山文化“女神庙”与积石冢群发掘简报[J].文物,1986(8):1-17.
40郭大顺,张克举.辽宁省喀左县东山嘴红山文化建筑群址发掘简报[J].文物,1984(11):1-11.
41李恭笃.辽宁凌源县三官甸子城子山遗址试掘报告[J].考古,1986(6):497-510.
42方殿春,刘葆华.辽宁阜新县胡头沟红山文化玉器墓的发现[J].文物,1984(6):1-5.
43同26.
44同10.
45同27.
46同28.
47内蒙古自治区昭乌达盟文物工作站.内蒙古昭乌达盟石羊石虎山新石器时代墓葬[J].考古,1963(10):523-524转546.
48同35.
49辽宁省文物考古研究所,赤峰市博物馆.大南沟——后红山文化墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
50同18c.
51克什克腾旗博物馆.克什克腾旗上店小河沿文化墓地及遗址调查简报[J].内蒙古文物考古,1992(Z1):77-83.
52河北省文物研究所.河北阳原县姜家梁新石器时代遗址的发掘[J].考古,2001(2):13-27.
53同28.
54吕遵谔.内蒙赤峰红山考古调查[J].考古学报,1958(3):25-40.
55 a.中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古发掘队.内蒙古赤峰药王庙、夏家店遗址试掘简报[J].考古,1961(2):77-81. b.中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古发掘队.赤峰药王庙、夏家店遗址试掘报告[J].考古学报,1974(1):111-144.
56中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.宁城南山根遗址发掘报告[J].考古学报,1975(1):117-140.
57同30.
58辽宁省博物馆,昭乌达盟文物工作站,赤峰县文化馆.内蒙古赤峰县四分地东山嘴遗址试掘简报[J].考古,1983(5):420-429.
59内蒙古文物考古研究所.赤峰市松山区三座店遗址2005年度发掘简报[J].内蒙古文物考古,2006(1):1-8.
60同35.
61 a.中国科学院考古研究所辽宁工作队.敖汉旗大甸子遗址1974年试掘简报[J].考古,1975(2):99-101. b.中国社会科学院考古研究所.大甸子——夏家店下层文化遗址与墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
62 a.中国社会科学院考古研究所,内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古系.内蒙古喀喇沁旗大山前遗址1996年发掘简报[J].考古,1998(9):43-49. b.中国社会科学院考古研究所,内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所,吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.内蒙古喀喇沁旗大山前遗址1998年的发掘[J].考古,2004(3):31-39.
63辽宁省文物干部培训班.辽宁北票丰下遗址1972年春发掘简报[J].考古,1976(3):197-210转186.
64辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁北票市康家屯城址发掘简报[J].考古,2001(8):31-44.
65辽宁省博物馆,朝阳市博物馆.建平水泉遗址发掘简报[J].辽海文物学刊,1986(2):11-29.
66辽宁省文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古系.辽宁阜新平顶山石城址发掘报告[J].考古,1992(5):399-417.
67辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁义县向阳岭青铜时代遗址发掘报告[C]//《考古》编辑部.考古学集刊(第13集).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2000:41-82.
68 a.北京大学历史系考古专业商周组.商周考古[M].北京:文物出版社,1979. b.邹衡.关于夏商时期北方地区诸邻境文化的初步探讨[C]//邹衡.夏商周考古学论文集(第二版).北京:科学出版社,2001:233-270.
69李经汉.试论夏家店下层文化的分期和类型[C]//中国考古学会.中国考古学会第一次年会论文集.北京:文物出版社,1979:163-170.
70张忠培,孔哲生,张文军,陈雍.夏家店下层文化研究[C]//苏秉琦.考古学文化论集(第一辑).北京:文物出版社,1987:58-78.
71李伯谦.中国青铜文化结构体系研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
72 a.韩嘉谷.京津地区商周时期古文化发展的一点线索[C]//中国考古学会.中国考古学会第三次年会论文集(1981年).北京:文物出版社,1984:220-229. b.卜工.燕山地区夏商时期的陶鬲谱系[J].北方文物,1989(2):30-38. c.王立新,齐晓光,夏保国.夏家店下层文化渊源刍论[J].北方文物,1993(2):5-16. d.纪烈敏.燕山南麓青铜文化的类型谱系及其演变[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第1辑).北京:科学出版社,2002:103-122.
73乌恩岳斯图.北方草原考古学文化研究——青铜时代至早期铁器时代[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
74王立新.辽西区夏至战国时期文化格局与经济形态的演进[J].考古学报,2004(3):243-270.
75夏鼐.我国近五年来的考古新收获[J].考古,1964(10):485-497.
76同69.
77同72c.
78同73.
79喀左县文化馆.记辽宁喀左县后坟村发现的一组陶器[J].考古,1982(1):108-109.
80韩嘉谷.燕史源流的考古学考察[C]//陈光.燕文化研究论文集.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1995:61-81.
81辽宁省博物馆文物工作队.辽宁朝阳魏营子西周墓和古遗址[J].考古,1977(5):306-309.
82高美璇.兴城县仙灵寺夏家店下层文化遗址[M]//中国考古学会.中国考古学年鉴1985.北京:文物出版社,1985:124-125.
83同66.
84同67.
85刘谦.锦州山河营子遗址发掘报告[J].考古,1986(10):873-881.
86辽宁省文物考古研究所,喀左县博物馆.喀左和尚沟墓地[J].辽海文物学刊,1989(2):110-115.
87赵宾福.中国东北地区夏至战国时期的考古学文化研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2005.
88郭大顺.试论魏营子类型[C]//苏秉琦.考古学文化论集(第一辑).北京:文物出版社,1987:79-98.
89同87.
90同88.
91朱永刚.东北青铜文化的发展阶段与文化区系[J].考古学报,1998(2):133-152.
92同55.
93同74.
94同87.
95刘观民,徐光冀.内蒙古东部地区青铜时代的两种文化[J].内蒙古文物考古,1981创刊号:5-14.
96同91.
97同73.
98朱贵.辽宁朝阳十二台营子青铜短剑墓[J].考古学报,1960(1):63-72.
99王成生.概述近年辽宁新见青铜短剑[J].辽海文物学刊,1991(1):74-81转139.
100锦州市博物馆.辽宁锦西县乌金塘东周墓调查记[J].考古,1960(5):7-9.
101辽宁省博物馆,朝阳地区博物馆.辽宁喀左南洞沟石椁墓[J].考古,1977(6):373-375.
102同86.
103辽宁省博物馆.辽宁凌源县三官甸青铜短剑墓[J].考古,1985(2):125-130.
104同74.
105郭治中.水泉墓地及相关问题之探索[C]//张忠培,许倬云.中国考古学跨世纪的回顾与前瞻——1999年西陵国际学术研讨会文集.北京:科学出版社,2000:297-309.
106同74.
107 a.王刚.林西县井沟子夏家店上层文化墓葬[J].内蒙古文物考古,1998(1):1-4. b.吉林大学边疆考古研究中心,内蒙古文物考古研究所. 2002年内蒙古林西县井沟子遗址西区墓葬发掘纪要[J].考古与文物,2004(1):6-19.
108 a.同107b. b.王立新.探寻东胡遗存的一个新线索[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第3辑).北京:科学出版社,2004:84-95.
109邵象清.人体测量手册[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1985.
110李法军.河北阳原姜家梁新石器时代人骨研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
111同109.
112吴汝康,吴新智,张振标.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
113同112.
114同109.
115朱泓.体质人类学[M].北京:高等教育出报社,2004.
116薛薇. SPSS统计分析方法及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
117林少宫,等.多元统计分析及计算机程序[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1987.
118同116.
119蔡大伟.分子考古学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
120同119.
121 Handt O, Krings M, Ward R H, et al. The retrival of ancient human DNA sequence[sJ]. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 1996, 59:368-376.
122 Higuchi R, Bowman B, Freiberger M, et al. DNA sequences from the quagga, an extinct member of the horse family[J]. Nature, 1984, 312(15):282-284.
123 Anderson S, Bankier A T, Barrell B G, et al. Sequence and organization of the humanmitochondrial genome[J]. Nature, 1981, 290:457-465.
124 Pakendorf B, Stoneking M. Mitochondrial DNA and human evolutio[nJ]. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet, 2005, 6:165-183.
125 a. Yu N, Zheng C L, Zhang Y P, et al. Molecular systematics of Pikas (Genus Ochotona) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences[J]. Mol Phyl Evol, 2000, 16(1):85-95. b. Nagata J, Msuda R, Yoshida M C. Nucleotide sequences of the Cytchrome b and the 12S rRNA genes in the Japaneses Sika Deer Cerous nippon[J]. J Mamm Soc Japan, 1995, 20(1):1-8.
126王贵海,陆传宗.汉墓女尸肝脏核酸的分离与鉴定[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,1981(39):70-73.
127同122.
128 Mullis K B, Faloona F A. Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase catalyzed chain reaction[J]. Science, 1985, 230:1350-1354.
129 a. Oota H, Saitou N, Matsushita T, Ueda S. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Remains of a 2,000-Year-Old Human Population in China—and Its Relevance for the Origin of the Modern Japanese Population[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1999, 64:250-258. b. Wang L, Oota H, Saitou N, et al. Genetic Structure of a 2,500-Year-Old Human Population in China and Its Spatiotemporal Changes[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2000, 17(9):1396-1400.
130 a.黄颖,李辉,文波,等.遗传基因技术与三峡考古实践[J].东南文化,2002(3):55-63. b.黄颖.古DNA技术:民族考古学研究的新视角[J].中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2003,30(2):76-81.
131朱泓,周慧,林雪川.老山汉墓女性墓主人种族类型、DNA分析和颅象复原[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2004(2):21-27.
132 Xie C Z, Li C X, Cui Y Q, et al. Evidence of ancient DNA reveals the first European lineage in Iron Age Central China[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society. B: Biological Sciences, 2007, 274: 1597-1601.
133 a.万诚,崔银秋,段然慧,周慧,朱泓,李惟.夏家店等古人骨DNA的提取、扩增及序列分析[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报,2001,17(5):636-641. b.周慧,万成,朱泓.古人骨DNA的提取、扩增、测序与研究[J].北方文物,2001(3):8-11.
134吉林大学考古DNA实验室.河北阳原县姜家梁遗址新石器时代人骨DNA的研究[J].考古,2001(7):74-81.
135赵欣,等.从分子生物学角度看河北蔚县三关墓地古代居民的遗传结构[J].文物春秋,2009(1):3-8转33.
136 Gao S Z, Yang Y D, Xu Y, et al. Tracing the Genetic History of the Chinese People: Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a Neolithic Population from the Lajia Sit[eJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007, 133:1128-1136.
137付玉芹,赵晗,许雪莲,等.内蒙古和林格尔东周时期古代人群的分子遗传学分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2006,44(5):824-828.
138常娥,张全超,朱泓,周慧.内蒙古包头市西园春秋时期墓地人骨线粒体DNA研究[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第6辑).北京:科学出版社,2007:364-370.
139常娥,赵欣,朱泓,周慧.内蒙古凉城县崞县窑子墓地古人骨线粒体DNA研究[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第5辑).北京:科学出版社,2006:356-363.
140王海晶,常娥,葛斌文,等.饮牛沟墓地古人骨线粒体DNA研究[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2005,43(6):847-852.
141王海晶,常娥,蔡大伟,等.内蒙古朱开沟遗址古人骨分子遗传学研究[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2007,33(1):5-8.
142 Wang H J, Liu W Q, Fu Y Q, et al. Molecular biological analysis of remains from Jiangjungou Cemetery in Inner Mongolia[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2006,16(7):727-731.
143于长春,谢力,张小雷,周慧,朱泓.拓跋鲜卑和匈奴之间亲缘关系的遗传学分析[J].遗传,2007,29(10):1223-1229.
144 Yu C C, Xie L, Zhang X L, et al. Genetic analysis on Tuoba Xianbei remains excavated from Qilang mountain cemetery in Qahar Right Wing Middle Banner of Inner Mongo[liaJ]. FEBS Letters, 2006, 580(26):6242-6246.
145 Wang H J, Ge B W, Victor H Mair, et al. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Remains from Lamadong Cemetery, Liaoning, China[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007, 134:404-411.
146 Fu Y Q, Zhao H, Cui Y Q, et al. Molecular genetic analysis of Wanggu Remains, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007, 132:285-291.
147 Fu Y Q, Xu X L, Zhang X L, et al. Phylogenetic Analysis of MtDNA from the Ancient Human of the Yuan Dynasty in Inner Mongolia in Chi[naJ]. CHEM RES CHINESE U, 2006, 22(2):177-180.
148付玉芹,许雪莲,王海晶,等.内蒙古砧子山墓地古人的线粒体DNA多态性分析[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2006,38(2):122-125.
149 a.许月,张小雷,张全超,等.古代契丹与现代达斡尔遗传关系分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2006,44(6):997-1000. b. Xu Y, Zhang X L, Cui Y Q, et al. Genetic Structure Analysis of Human Remains from Khitan Noble Necropolis[J]. CHEM RES CHINESE U, 2006, 22(2):123-128. c.许月,张小雷,张全超,等.吐尔基山辽代贵族墓葬人骨遗骇线粒体DNA多态性研究[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2006,32(2):248-250.
150崔银秋,许月,杨亦代,等.新疆罗布诺尔地区铜器时代古代居民mtDNA多态性分析[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2004,30(4):650-653.
151崔银秋,张全超,段然慧,等.吐鲁番盆地青铜至铁器时代居民遗传结构研究[J].考古,2005(7):563-568.
152高诗珠,崔银秋,杨亦代,等.新疆克里雅河下游圆沙古城古代居民线粒体DNA多态性研究[J],中国科学C辑:生命科学,2008,38(2):136-146.
153崔银秋,段然慧,朱泓,等.交河故城古车师人线粒体DNA分析[J],高等学校化学学报,2002,23(8):1510-1514.
154 Xie C Z, Li C X, Cui Y Q, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Sampula population in Xinjiang[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2007, 17(8): 927-933.
155谢承志,刘树柏,崔银秋,等.新疆察吾呼沟古代居民线粒体DNA序列多态性分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2005,43(4):538-540.
156谢承志,李春香,崔银秋,等.尼雅遗址古代居民线粒体DNA研究.西域研究,2007(2):51-55.
157 Cai D W, Han L, Zhang X L, et al. DNA analysis of archaeological sheep remains from China[J]. Journal of archaeological science, 2007(34):1347-1355.
158 Cai D W, Han L, Xie C Z, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Bronze Age horses recovered from Chifeng region, Inner Mongoli[aJ]. Progress in Natural Science, 2007, 17(5):545-550.
159 Kazuo U, Masashi T, Isao Y, et al. Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis for rapid detection of human mitochondrial DNA variation[sJ]. Electrophoresis, 2001, 22:3533-3538.
160陈明洁,方倜,柯涛,等.多重PCR——一种高效快速的分子生物学技术[J].武汉理工大学学报,2005(10):33-36.
161 Krause J, Dear P H, Pollack J L, et al. Multiplex amplification of the mammoth mitochondrial genome and the evolution of Elephantida[eJ]. Nature, 2005, 439:724-727.
162 Yang D Y, ENG B, WAYE J. Technical Note: impoved DNA extraction from Ancient Bones using silica-based spin columns[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1998, 105:539-543.
163蔡大伟,等. 4种古DNA抽提方法效果比较[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2007,33(1):13-16.
164 Umetsu, et al. Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis of 36mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms for haplogrouping of East Asian populations[J]. Electrophoresis, 2005, 26:91-98.
165 Shinoda, et al. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Ancient Peruvian Highlande[rsJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006, 131(1):98-107.
166 Umetsu K, Tanaka M, Yuasa I, Saitou N, et al. Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis for rapid detection of human mitochondrial DNA variation[s.J]. Electrophoresis, 2001, 22:3533-3538.
167 Simmons M P. Independence of alignment and tree search[J]. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2004, 31:874-879.
168 a. Comas D, Calafell F, Mateu E, et al. Trading genes along the Silk Road: mtDNA sequences and the origin of central Asian populations[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1998, 63:1824-1838. b. Pakendorf B, Wiebe V, Tarskaia L A, et al. Mitochondrial DNA evidence for admixed origins of central Siberian populations[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003, 120:211-224.
169 Takahashi K, Nei M. Efficiencies of fast algorithms of phylogenetic inference under the criteria of maximum parsimony, minimum evolution, and maximum likelihood when a large number of sequences are used[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2000, 17:1251-1258.
170 a. Rogers A R, Harpending H. Population growth curves in the distribution of pairwise genetic diVerences[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 1992, 9:552-559. b. Fu Y X. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection[J]. Genetics, 1997, 147:915-925.
171同119.
172 Excoffier LLGSS. Arlequin ver.3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis[J]. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 2005, Online 1:47-50.
173常青,周开亚.分子进化研究中系统发生树的重建[J].生物多样性,1998,6(1):55-62.
174 Saitou N, Nei M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 1987, 14:406-425.
175米红,张文璋.实用现代统计学分析方法与SPSS应用[M].北京:当代中国出版社,2000:204-278.
176 a. Bandelt H J, Forster P, Rohl A. Median joining networks for inferring intraspeciWc phylogenies[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 1999, 16:37-48. b. Bandelt H J, Forster P, Sykes B C, et al. Mitochondrial portraits of human populations using median networks[J]. Genetics, 1995, 141:743-753.
177 Cooper A, Poinar H N. Ancient DNA: do it right or no[tJ]? Science, 2000, 289(5482):1139.
178 Poinar H N. Criteria for authenticity in ancient DNA wor[kJ]. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2004:115-116.
179 a. Torroni A, Sukernik R I, Schurr T G, et al. MtDNA variation of aboriginal Siberians reveals distinct genetic affinities with Native American[sJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 1993, 53:591-608. b. Schurr T G, Sukernik R I, Starikovskaya Y B, et al. Mitochondrial DNA variation in Koryaks and Itel'men: population replacement in the Okhotsk Sea-Bering Sea region during the Neolithic[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1999, 108:1-39. c. Kivisild T, Tolk H-V, Parik J, et al. The emerging limbs and twigs of the East Asian mtDNA tree[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2002, 19(10):1737-1751. d. Derenko M V, Grzybowski T, Malyarchuk B A, et al. Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA Lineages in South Siberia[J]. Ann Hum Genet, 2003, 67:391-411. e. Starikovskaya Y B, Sukernik R I, Schurr T G, et al. MtDNA diversity in Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos: implications for the genetic history of Ancient Beringia and the peopling of the New World[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1998, 63:1473-1491. f. Fedorova S A, Bermisheva M A, Villems R, et al. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA lineages in Yakuts[J]. Mol Biol (Mosk), 2003, 37:643-653. g. Puzyrev V P, Stepanov V A, Golubenko M V, et al. MtDNA and Y-Chromosome Lineages in the Yakut Population[J]. Genetika, 2003, 39:975-981. h. Yao Y G, Kong Q P, Bandelt H J, et al. Phylogeographic differentiation of mitochondrialDNA in Han Chinese[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2002, 70:635-651.
i. Yao Y, Nie L, Harpending H, et al. Genetic relationship of Chinese ethnic populations revealed by mtDNA sequence diversity[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2002, 118:63-76.
j. Bamshad M, Kivisild T, Watkins W S, et al. Genetic evidence on the origins of Indian caste populations[J]. Genome Research, 2001, 11:994-1004.
k. Kivisild T, Bamshad M J, Kaldma K, et al. Deep common ancestry of Indian and western-Eurasian mitochondrial DNA lineages[J]. Curr Biol, 1999, 9:1331-1334.
l. Saillard J, Forster P, Lynnerup N. MtDNA variation among Greenland Eskimos: the edge of the Beringian expansion[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2000, 67:718-726.
m. Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, et al. The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003, 72:313-332.
n. Oota H, Settheetham-Ishida W, Tiwawech D, et al. Human mtDNA and Y-chromosome variation is correlated with matrilocal versus patrilocal residence[J]. Nat Genet, 2001, 29:20-21.
o. Redd A J, Takezaki N, Sherry S T, et al. Evolutionary history of the COII/tRNALys intergenic 9 base pair deletion in human mitochondrial DNAs from the Pacifi[cJ]. Mol Biol Evol, 1995, 12:12.
p. Kong Q P, Yao Y G, Liu M, et al. Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic population from northern China[J]. Human Genetics, 2003, 113(5):391-405.
q. Kong Q P, Yao Y G, Sun C, et al. Phylogeny of East Asian Mitochondrial DNA Lineages Inferred from Complete Sequences[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003, 73:671-676.
r. Yao Y G, et al. Gene admixture in the Silk Road region of China: Evidence from mtDNA and melanocortin 1 receptor polymorphism[J]. Genes Genet Syst, 2000, 75:173-178.
s. Yao Y G, et al. Different matrilineal contributions to genetic structure of ethnic groups in the silk road region in china[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2004, 21(12):2265-2280.
t. Tanaka M, Cabrera V M, Gonzalez A M, et al. Mitochondrial genome variation in Eastern Asia and the peopling of Japan[J]. Genome Research, 2004, 14(10A):1832-1850.
u. Yao Y G, Zhang Y P, et al. Phylogeographic analysis of mtDNA variation in four ethnic populations fromYunnan Province: new data and a reappraisa[lJ]. J Hum Genet, 2002, 47:311-318.
v. Yao Y G, Kong Q P, et al. Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of China: A Caveat About Inferences Drawn from Ancient DNA[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2003, 20(2):214-219.
w. Li H Y, Y J-E, et al. East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: Haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control region sequence analysis[J]. Electrophoresis, 2006, 27:4408-4418.
x. Li H Y, Y J-E, et al. Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences in Koreans: identification of useful variable sites and phylogenetic analysis for mtDNA data quality control[J]. Int J Legal Med, 2006, 120:5-14.
y. Maruyama S, Minaguchi K, Saitou N. Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA lineages in the Japanese populatio[nJ]. Int J Legal Med, 2003, 117:218-225.
z. Nishimaki Y, Sato K, Fang L, et al. Sequence polymorphism in the mtDNA HV1 region in Japanese and Chinese[J]. Legal Med, 1999, 1:238-249.
aa. Betty D J, Chin-Atkins AN, et al. Multiple independent origins of the COII/tRNALys intergenic 9-bp mtDNA deletion in aboriginal Australians[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1996, 58:428-433.
ab. Horai S, Murayama K, et al. mtDNA polymorphism in east Asian populations, with special reference to the peopling of Japan[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1996, 59:579-590.
ac. Tsai L C, Lin C Y, Lee J C, et al. Sequence polymorphism of mitochondrial D-loop DNA in the Taiwanese Han population[J]. Forensic Sci Int, 2001, 119:239-247.
ad. Christine K T, Eric C, Bertrand L, et al. Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a 2,000-Year-Old Necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongol[iaJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003,73:247-260.
180转引自http://www.mitomap.org/WorldMigration.pd.f
181 Cavalli-Sforza L L, Feldman M W. The application of molecular genetic approaches to the study of human evolution[J]. Nat Genet, 2003, 33:266-275.
182 a. Comas D, Plaza S, Wells R S, et al. Admixture,migrations, and dispersals in Central Asia: evidence from maternal DNA lineages[J]. Eur J Hum Genet, 2004, 12:495-504. b. Quintana-Murci L, Chaix R, Wells S, et al. Where West meets East: The complex mtDNA landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian corrido[rJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 2004, 74:827-845. c. Derbeneva O A, Starikovskaia E B, Volod'ko N V, et al. Mitochondrial DNA variation in Kets and Nganasans and the early peoples of Northern Eurasia[J]. Genetika, 2002, 38:1554-1560.
183 Torroni A, Miller J A, Moore L G, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis in Tibet: implications for the origin of the Tibetanpopulation and its adaptation to high altitud[eJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1994, 93:189-199.
184 Giles R E, Blanc H, Cann H M, et al. Maternal inheritance of human mitochondrial DN[AJ]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1980, 77:6715-6719.
185同182a.
186同179b.
187 Theodore G Schurr, Douglas C Wallace. Mitochondrial DNA diversity in Southeast Asian populations[J]. Human Biology, 2002, 74(3):431-452.
188同179h.
189 a.同168a. b. Kolman C, Sambuughin N, Bermingham E. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Mongolian populations and implications for the origin of New World founder[sJ]. Genetics, 1996,
142:1321-1334.
190 a.同179u. b.同179c. c.同179d.
191 Martin Richards, et al. Paleolithic and neolithic lineages in the European mitochondrial gene pool[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1996, 59:185-203.
192同179p.
193 a. Imaizumi K, et al. A new database of mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II sequences from 162 Japanese individuals[J]. Int J Legal Med, 2002, 116:68-73. b. Oota H, Kitano T, Jin F, et al. Extreme mtDNA homogeneity in continental Asian populations[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2002, 118:146-153.
194同168a.
195 Lee S D, et al. Sequence variation of mitochondrial DNA control region in Korean[sJ]. Forensic Sci Int, 1997, 87:99-116.
196同179s.
197 Alan J Redd, et al. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Mongolian Populations and Implications for the Origin of New World Founders[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1999, 65:808-828.
198 Wen B, et al. Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han cultur[eJ]. Nature, 2004, 431(16):302-305.
199同179h.
200 Comas D, et al. Geographic variation in human mitochondrial DNA control region sequence the population history of Turkey and its relationship to the European population[sJ]. Mol Biol Ed, 1996, 13(8):1067-1077.
201 Pakendorf B, et al. Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts[J]. Hum Genet, 2006, 120:334-353.
1辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁红山文化“女神庙”与积石冢群发掘简报[J].文物,1986(8):1-17.
2辽宁省文物考古研究所.牛河梁红山文化第二地点一号冢石棺墓的发掘[J].文物,2008(10):15-33.
3同1.
4潘其风,等.牛河梁红山文化积石冢石棺墓出土人骨研究[J].(待刊).
5潘其风,韩康信.柳湾墓地的人骨研究[M]//青海省文物管理处考古队,中国社会科学院考古研究所.青海柳湾——乐都柳湾原始社会墓地.北京:文物出版社,1984:261-303.
6 a.韩康信.沈阳郑家洼子的两具青铜时代人骨[J].考古学报,1975(1):157-164. b.其中面宽一项引自中国科学院考古研究所体质人类学组.赤峰、宁城夏家店上层文化人骨研究[J].考古学报,1975(2):157-169.
7同5.
8同5.
9韩康信,潘其风.安阳殷墟中小墓人骨的研究[M]//中国社会科学院历史研究所,中国社会科学院考古研究所.安阳殷墟头骨研究.考古学专刊(甲种第十九号).北京:文物出版社,1985:50-81.
10同9.
11同9.
12同9.
13同9.
14同9.
15朱泓.中国东北地区的古代种族[J].文物季刊,1998(1):54-64.
16 Kivisild T, Tolk H-V, Parik J, et al. The emerging limbs and twigs of the East Asian mtDNA tree[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2002, 19(10):1737-1751.
17 Kong Q P, Yao Y G, Liu M, et al. Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic population from northern China[J]. Human Genetics, 2003, 113(5):391-405.
18 Tanaka M, Cabrera V M, Gonzalez A M, et al. Mitochondrial genome variation in Eastern Asia and the peopling of Japan[J]. Genome Research, 2004, 14(10A):1832-1850.
19同1.
20 a.同1. b.同2. c.辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁第二地点一号冢21号墓发掘简报[J].文物,1997(8):9-14. d.辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁第二地点四号冢筒形器墓的发掘[J].文物,1997(8):15-19.
21赵宾福.东北石器时代考古[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2003.
22魏凡.牛河梁红山文化第三地点积石冢石棺墓[J].辽海文物学刊,1994(1):9-13转101.
23 a.辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁凌源市牛河梁遗址第五地点1998~1999年度的发掘[J].考古,2001(8):15-30. b.辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁第五地点一号冢中心大墓(M1)发掘简报[J].文物,1997(8):4-8.
24辽宁省文物考古研究所.牛河梁第十六地点红山文化积石冢中心大墓发掘简报[J].文物,2008(10):4-14.
25辽宁省文物考古研究所.牛河梁红山文化遗址与玉器精粹[M].北京:文物出版社,1997.
1张亚强.哈啦海沟墓地发掘及探索[D].长春:吉林大学文学院硕士学位论文,2008.
2朱泓.中国东北地区的古代种族[J].文物季刊,1998(1):54-64.
3潘其风,韩康信.柳湾墓地的人骨研究[M]//青海省文物管理处考古队,中国社会科学院考古研究所.青海柳湾——乐都柳湾原始社会墓地.北京:文物出版社,1984:261-303.
1辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁北票喇嘛洞青铜时代墓葬[J].文物,2004(5):26-30转77.
2朱泓.内蒙古长城地带的古代种族[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第1辑).北京:科学出版社,2002:301-313.
3赵欣,等.从分子生物学角度看河北蔚县三关墓地古代居民的遗传结构[J].文物春秋,2009(1):3-8转33.
4 Oota H, Saitou N, Matsushita T, Ueda S. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Remains of a 2,000-Year-Old Human Population in China—and Its Relevance for the Origin of the Modern Japanese Population[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1999, 64:250-258.
5 Christine K T, Eric C, Bertrand L, et al. Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a 2,000-Year-Old Necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongol[iaJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003, 73:247-260.
6同1.
1三宅宗悦,等.赤峰红山后石椁墓人骨的人类学的研究[M]//滨田耕作、水野清一.赤峰红山后(附录一).东京:1938:89-110.
2辽宁省文物考古研究所,赤峰市博物馆.大南沟——后红山文化墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
3潘其风.大南沟新石器时代墓葬出土人骨的观察鉴定与研究[M]//辽宁省文物考古研究所,赤峰市博物馆.大南沟——后红山文化墓地发掘报告(附录二).北京:科学出版社,1998:145-150.
4朱泓.中国东北地区的古代种族[J].文物季刊,1998(1):54-64.
5中国社会科学院考古研究所.大甸子——夏家店下层文化遗址与墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
6潘其风.大甸子墓葬出土人骨的研究[M]//中国社会科学院考古研究所.大甸子——夏家店下层文化遗址与墓地发掘报告(附录一).北京:科学出版社,1996:224-322.
7滨田耕作,水野清一.赤峰红山后[M].东京:东亚考古学会.东方考古学丛刊(甲种第六册),1938.
8同1.
9 a.中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古发掘队.内蒙古赤峰药王庙、夏家店遗址试掘简报[J].考古,1961(2):77-81. b.中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古发掘队.赤峰药王庙、夏家店遗址试掘报告[J].考古学报,1974(1):111-144.
10中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.宁城南山根遗址发掘报告[J].考古学报,1975(1):117-140.
11中国科学院考古研究所体质人类学组.赤峰、宁城夏家店上层文化人骨研究[J].考古学报,1975(2):157-169.
12朱泓.夏家店上层文化居民的种族类型及相关问题[J].辽海文物学刊,1989(1):111-122.
13塔拉,齐晓光.宁城县小黑石沟夏家店上层文化遗址[M]//中国考古学会.中国考古学年鉴1986.北京:文物出版社,1988:102.
14张忠培.关于内蒙古东部地区考古的几个问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古东部区考古学文化研究文集.北京:海洋出版社,1991:3-9.
15朱泓.小黑石沟夏家店上层文化居民的人类学特征[C]//吉林大学考古学系.青果集(二).北京:知识出版社,1998:228-236.
16同4.
17齐晓光.内蒙古克什克腾旗龙头山遗址发掘的主要收获[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古东部区考古学文化研究文集.北京:海洋出版社,1991:58-72.
18陈山.克什克腾旗龙头山青铜时代颅骨的人类学研究[J].人类学学报, 2000,19(1):21-31.
19同4.
20郭治中.水泉墓地及相关问题之探索[C]//张忠培,许倬云.中国考古学跨世纪的回顾与前瞻——1999年西陵国际学术研讨会文集.北京:科学出版社,2000:297-309.
21朱永刚.大、小凌河流域含曲刃短剑遗存的考古学文化及相关问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:362-374.
22朱泓,魏东.内蒙古敖汉旗水泉遗址出土的青铜时代人骨(日文)[C]//东北亚细亚先史文化的比较考古学研究.日本:2002:69-93.
23吉林大学边疆考古研究中心,内蒙古文物考古研究所. 2002年内蒙古林西县井沟子遗址西区墓葬发掘纪要[J].考古与文物,2004(1):6-19.
24塔拉,王立新,汤卓炜,张淑芹.井沟子遗址所反映的经济形态与环境背景[J].内蒙古文物考古,2004(1):85-88.
25王立新.探寻东胡遗存的一个新线索[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第3辑).北京:科学出版社,2004:84-95.
26朱泓,张全超.内蒙古林西县井沟子遗址西区墓地人骨研究[J].人类学学报,2007,
26(2):97-106.
27辽宁省文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古学系.辽宁彰武平安堡遗址发掘简报[J].辽海文物学刊,1989(2):99-109.
28朱泓,王成生.彰武平安堡青铜时代居民的种族类型[J].考古,1994(2):159-169.
29辛占山.康平顺山屯青铜时代遗址试掘报告[J].辽海文物学刊,1988(1):27-40.
30刘宁.顺山屯青铜时代居民的人种学研究[J].辽海文物学刊,1994(1):131-139.
31李恭笃.辽宁东部地区青铜文化初探[J].考古,1985(6):550-556转558.
32魏海波,张振标.辽宁本溪青铜时代人骨[J].人类学学报,1989,8(4):320-328.
33朱泓.本溪庙后山青铜时代居民的种系归属[C]//苏秉琦.考古学文化论集(第四辑).北京:文物出版社,1997:211-218.
34杨志军,郝思德,李陈奇.平洋墓葬[M].北京:文物出版社,1990.
35潘其风.平洋墓葬人骨的研究[M]//杨志军,郝思德,李陈奇.平洋墓葬(附录一).北京:文物出版社,1990:187-235.
36河北省文物研究所.河北阳原县姜家梁新石器时代遗址的发掘[J].考古,2001(2):13-27.
37段宏振.河北考古的世纪回顾与思考[J].考古,2001(2):1-12.
38李法军.河北阳原姜家梁新石器时代人骨研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
39张家口考古队.蔚县考古记略[J].考古与文物,1982,12(4):10-14.
40张家口考古队.蔚县夏商时期考古的主要收获[J].考古与文物,1984,21(1):40-48.
41张家口考古队.蔚县夏家店下层文化颅骨的人种学研究[J].北方文物,1987(1):2-11转20.
42魏坚.庙子沟与大坝沟有关问题试析[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古中南部原始文化研究文集.北京:海洋出版社,1991:113-118.
43魏坚.庙子沟与大坝沟——新石器时代遗址发掘报告(上)[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2003.
44朱泓.内蒙古察右前旗庙子沟新石器时代颅骨的人类学特征[J].人类学学报,1994,
13(2):126-133.
45曹建恩.内蒙古中南部商周考古研究的新进展[J].内蒙古文物考古,2006(2):16-26.
46张全超.内蒙古和林格尔县新店子墓地人骨研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2005.
47同4.
48朱泓.内蒙古长城地带的古代种族[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第1辑).北京:科学出版社,2002:301-313.
49朱泓.中原地区的古代种族[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.庆祝张忠培先生七十岁论文集.北京:科学出版社,2004:549-557.
50朱泓.中国西北地区的古代种族[J].考古与文物,2006(5):60-65.
51朱泓.中国南方地区的古代种族[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2002,171(3):5-12.
52同46.
53同4.
54同4.
55 a.同48. b.同4.
56同46.
57王立新.辽西区夏至战国时期文化格局与经济形态的演进[J].考古学报,2004(3):243-270.
58同22.
59同46.
60同46.
1常娥.内蒙古长城地带先秦时期人类遗骸的DNA研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2008.
2葛斌文.井沟子古代人群的遗传分析[D].长春:吉林大学生命科学学院硕士学位论文,2008.
3同1.
4郭治中.水泉墓地及相关问题之探索[C]//张忠培,许倬云.中国考古学跨世纪的回顾与前瞻——1999年西陵国际学术研讨会文集.北京:科学出版社,2000:297-309.
5朱永刚.大、小凌河流域含曲刃短剑遗存的考古学文化及相关问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:362-374.
6同1.
7同2.
8 Pakendorf B, Wiebe V, Tarskaia L A, et al. Mitochondrial DNA evidence for admixed origins of central Siberian populations[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003, 120:211-224.
9中国社会科学院考古研究所.大甸子——夏家店下层文化遗址与墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
10阿瑟·罗恩,埃思尼·巴恩斯蓍,杨建华译.赤峰大山前遗址埋葬行为的重建[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第2辑).北京:科学出版社,2004:337-352.
11同10.
12中国社会科学院考古研究所,内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所,吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.内蒙古喀喇沁旗大山前遗址1998年的发掘[J].考古,2004(3):31-39.
13同10.
14同12.
15同10.
16同10.
17河北省文物研究所.河北阳原县姜家梁新石器时代遗址的发掘[J].考古,2001(2):13-27.
18段宏振.河北考古的世纪回顾与思考[J].考古,2001(2):1-12.
19吉林大学考古DNA实验室.河北阳原县姜家梁遗址新石器时代人骨DNA的研究[J].考古,2001(7):74-81.
20张家口考古队.蔚县夏商时期考古的主要收获[J].考古与文物,1984,21(1):40-48.
21郑丽慧,朱泓,陈靓.内蒙古七郎山魏晋时期鲜卑墓葬人骨研究[J].内蒙古文物考古,2003(1):87-91.
22赵欣,等.从分子生物学角度看河北蔚县三关墓地古代居民的遗传结构[J].文物春秋,2009(1):3-8转33.
23同1.
24内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古朱开沟遗址[J].考古学报,1988(3):301-332.
25王海晶,常娥,蔡大伟,等.内蒙古朱开沟遗址古人骨分子遗传学研究[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2007,33(1):5-8.
26内蒙古文物考古研究所.凉城崞县窑子墓地[J].考古学报,1989(1):57-81.
27杨建华.春秋战国时期中国北方文化带的形成[M].北京:文物出版社, 2004:101-102.
28常娥,赵欣,朱泓,周慧.内蒙古凉城县崞县窑子墓地古人骨线粒体DNA研究[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第5辑).北京:科学出版社,2006:356-363.
29曹建恩.内蒙古中南部商周考古研究的新进展[J].内蒙古文物考古,2006(2):16-26.
30付玉芹,赵晗,许雪莲,等.内蒙古和林格尔东周时期古代人群的分子遗传学分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2006,44(5):824-828.
31张全超.内蒙古和林格尔县新店子墓地人骨研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2005.
32朱永刚.东北青铜文化的发展阶段与文化区系[J].考古学报,1998(2):133-152.
33朱泓.内蒙古长城地带的古代种族[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第1辑).北京:科学出版社,2002:301-313.
34朱泓.中国东北地区的古代种族[J].文物季刊,1998(1):54-64.
35韩茂莉,刘宵泉,方晨,张一,李青淼,赵玉蕙.全新世中期西辽河流域聚落选址与环境解读[J].地理学报,2007,62(12):1287-1298.
36 a.夏正楷,邓辉,武弘麟.内蒙西拉木伦河流域考古文化演变的地貌背景分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(3):329-336. b.张小咏. 5000aB.P.以来辽西地区环境演变与人地关系研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文,2003.
37宋豫秦.西辽河流域全新世沙质荒漠化过程的人地关系[D].北京:北京大学博士后研究工作报告,1995.转引自王立新.辽西区夏至战国时期文化格局与经济形态的演进[J].考古学报,2004(3):243-270.
38陈国庆.辽西地区新石器时代考古文化的形成与发展——兼论与周邻地区考古文化的互动关系[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2006.
39同17.
40谢端琚.试论我国早期土洞墓[J].考古,1987(12):1097-1104.
41林沄.中国东北系铜剑初论[C]//林沄.林沄学术文集.北京:中国大百科全书出版社, 1998:311-334.
42同5.
43王立新.辽西区夏至战国时期文化格局与经济形态的演进[J].考古学报,2004(3):243-270.
44同31.
45同31.
1扬怀仁.第四纪地质[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987.
[1]阿瑟·罗恩,埃思尼·巴恩斯蓍,杨建华译.赤峰大山前遗址埋葬行为的重建[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第2辑).北京:科学出版社,2004:337-352.
[2]卜工.燕山地区夏商时期的陶鬲谱系[J].北方文物,1989(2):30-38.
[3]蔡大伟,等. 4种古DNA抽提方法效果比较[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2007,33(1):13-16.
[4]曹建恩.内蒙古中南部商周考古研究的新进展[J].内蒙古文物考古,2006(2):16-26.
[5]常娥,张全超,朱泓,周慧.内蒙古包头市西园春秋时期墓地人骨线粒体DNA研究[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第6辑).北京:科学出版社,2007:364-370.
[6]常娥,赵欣,朱泓,周慧.内蒙古凉城县崞县窑子墓地古人骨线粒体DNA研究[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第5辑).北京:科学出版社,2006:356-363.
[7]常青,周开亚.分子进化研究中系统发生树的重建[J].生物多样性,1998,6(1):55-62.
[8]陈明洁,方倜,柯涛,等.多重PCR——一种高效快速的分子生物学技术[J].武汉理工大学学报,2005(10):33-36.
[9]陈山.克什克腾旗龙头山青铜时代颅骨的人类学研究[J].人类学学报, 2000,19(1):21-31.
[10]崔银秋,段然慧,朱泓,等.交河故城古车师人线粒体DNA分析[J],高等学校化学学报,2002,23(8):1510-1514.
[11]崔银秋,许月,杨亦代,等.新疆罗布诺尔地区铜器时代古代居民mtDNA多态性分析[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2004,30(4):650-653.
[12]崔银秋,张全超,段然慧,等.吐鲁番盆地青铜至铁器时代居民遗传结构研究[J].考古,2005(7):563-568.
[13]段宏振.河北考古的世纪回顾与思考[J].考古,2001(2):1-12.
[14]付玉芹,许雪莲,王海晶,等.内蒙古砧子山墓地古人的线粒体DNA多态性分析[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2006,38(2):122-125.
[15]付玉芹,赵晗,许雪莲,等.内蒙古和林格尔东周时期古代人群的分子遗传学分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2006,44(5):824-828.
[16]高诗珠,崔银秋,杨亦代,等.新疆克里雅河下游圆沙古城古代居民线粒体DNA多态性研究[J],中国科学C辑:生命科学,2008,38(2):136-146.
[17]郭大顺.试论魏营子类型[C]//苏秉琦.考古学文化论集(第一辑).北京:文物出版社,1987:79-98.
[18]郭治中.水泉墓地及相关问题之探索[C]//张忠培,许倬云.中国考古学跨世纪的回顾与前瞻——1999年西陵国际学术研讨会文集.北京:科学出版社,2000:297-309.
[19]韩嘉谷.京津地区商周时期古文化发展的一点线索[C]//中国考古学会.中国考古学会第三次年会论文集(1981年).北京:文物出版社,1984:220-229.
[20]韩嘉谷.燕史源流的考古学考察[C]//陈光.燕文化研究论文集.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1995:61-81.
[21]韩康信,潘其风.安阳殷墟中小墓人骨的研究[M]//中国社会科学院历史研究所,中国社会科学院考古研究所.安阳殷墟头骨研究.考古学专刊(甲种第十九号).北京:文物出版社,1985:50-81.
[22]韩康信.沈阳郑家洼子的两具青铜时代人骨[J].考古学报,1975(1):157-164.
[23]韩茂莉,刘宵泉,方晨,张一,李青淼,赵玉蕙.全新世中期西辽河流域聚落选址与环境解读[J].地理学报,2007,62(12):1287-1298.
[24]黄颖,李辉,文波,等.遗传基因技术与三峡考古实践[J].东南文化,2002(3):55-63.
[25]黄颖.古DNA技术:民族考古学研究的新视角[J].中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2003,30(2):76-81.
[26]吉林大学考古DNA实验室.河北阳原县姜家梁遗址新石器时代人骨DNA的研究[J].考古,2001(7):74-81.
[27]纪烈敏.燕山南麓青铜文化的类型谱系及其演变[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第1辑).北京:科学出版社,2002:103-122.
[28]李恭笃.辽宁东部地区青铜文化初探[J].考古,1985(6):550-556转558.
[29]李经汉.试论夏家店下层文化的分期和类型[C]//中国考古学会.中国考古学会第一次年会论文集.北京:文物出版社,1979:163-170.
[30]林沄.中国东北系铜剑初论[C]//林沄.林沄学术文集.北京:中国大百科全书出版社, 1998:311-334.
[31]刘观民,徐光冀.内蒙古东部地区青铜时代的两种文化[J].内蒙古文物考古,1981创刊号:5-14.
[32]刘国祥,贾笑冰,赵明辉,邵国田.赤峰兴隆沟遗址发掘可望解决多项学术课题[N].中国文物报,2001-11-16(1).
[33]刘国祥.兴隆沟聚落遗址发掘收获及意义[M]//刘国祥.东北文物考古论集.北京:科学出版社,2004:58-74.
[34]刘宁.顺山屯青铜时代居民的人种学研究[J].辽海文物学刊,1994(1):131-139.
[35]潘其风,等.牛河梁红山文化积石冢石棺墓出土人骨研究[J].(待刊).
[36]潘其风,韩康信.柳湾墓地的人骨研究[M]//青海省文物管理处考古队,中国社会科学院考古研究所.青海柳湾——乐都柳湾原始社会墓地.北京:文物出版社,1984:261-303.
[37]潘其风.大甸子墓葬出土人骨的研究[M]//中国社会科学院考古研究所.大甸子——夏家店下层文化遗址与墓地发掘报告(附录一).北京:科学出版社,1996:224-322.
[38]潘其风.大南沟新石器时代墓葬出土人骨的观察鉴定与研究[M]//辽宁省文物考古研究所,赤峰市博物馆.大南沟——后红山文化墓地发掘报告(附录二).北京:科学出版社,1998:145-150.
[39]潘其风.平洋墓葬人骨的研究[M]//杨志军,郝思德,李陈奇.平洋墓葬(附录一).北京:文物出版社,1990:187-235.
[40]齐晓光.内蒙古克什克腾旗龙头山遗址发掘的主要收获[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古东部区考古学文化研究文集.北京:海洋出版社,1991:58-72.
[41]苏秉琦.辽西古文化古城古国——兼谈当前田野考古工作的重点或大课题[J].文物,1986(8):41-44.
[42]塔拉,王立新,汤卓炜,张淑芹.井沟子遗址所反映的经济形态与环境背景[J].内蒙古文物考古,2004(1):85-88.
[43]万诚,崔银秋,段然慧,周慧,朱泓,李惟.夏家店等古人骨DNA的提取、扩增及序列分析[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报,2001,17(5):636-641.
[44]王成生.概述近年辽宁新见青铜短剑[J].辽海文物学刊,1991(1):74-81转139.
[45]王贵海,陆传宗.汉墓女尸肝脏核酸的分离与鉴定[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,1981(39):70-73.
[46]王海晶,常娥,蔡大伟,等.内蒙古朱开沟遗址古人骨分子遗传学研究[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2007,33(1):5-8.
[47]王海晶,常娥,葛斌文,等.饮牛沟墓地古人骨线粒体DNA研究[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2005,43(6):847-852.
[48]王立新,齐晓光,夏保国.夏家店下层文化渊源刍论[J].北方文物,1993(2):5-16.
[49]王立新.辽西区夏至战国时期文化格局与经济形态的演进[J].考古学报,2004(3):243-270.
[50]王立新.探寻东胡遗存的一个新线索[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第3辑).北京:科学出版社,2004:84-95.
[51]魏海波,张振标.辽宁本溪青铜时代人骨[J].人类学学报,1989,8(4):320-328.
[52]魏坚.庙子沟与大坝沟有关问题试析[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古中南部原始文化研究文集.北京:海洋出版社,1991:113-118.
[53]夏鼐.我国近五年来的考古新收获[J].考古,1964(10):485-497.
[54]夏正楷,邓辉,武弘麟.内蒙西拉木伦河流域考古文化演变的地貌背景分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(3):329-336.
[55]谢承志,李春香,崔银秋,等.尼雅遗址古代居民线粒体DNA研究.西域研究,2007(2):51-55.
[56]谢承志,刘树柏,崔银秋,等.新疆察吾呼沟古代居民线粒体DNA序列多态性分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2005,43(4):538-540.
[57]谢端琚.试论我国早期土洞墓[J].考古,1987(12):1097-1104.
[58]许月,张小雷,张全超,等.古代契丹与现代达斡尔遗传关系分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2006,44(6):997-1000.
[59]许月,张小雷,张全超,等.吐尔基山辽代贵族墓葬人骨遗骇线粒体DNA多态性研究[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2006,32(2):248-250.
[60]杨虎.关于红山文化的几个问题[C]//庆祝苏秉琦考古五十五周年论文集编写组.庆祝苏秉琦考古五十五周年论文集.北京:文物出版社,1989:216-266.
[61]杨虎.试论兴隆洼文化及相关问题[C]//中国考古学研究编委会.中国考古学研究——夏鼐先生考古五十年纪念论文集.北京:文物出版社,1986:71-81.
[62]尹达.关于赤峰红山后的新石器时代遗址[M]//尹达.新石器时代.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店出版社,1955:143-146.
[63]于长春,谢力,张小雷,周慧,朱泓.拓跋鲜卑和匈奴之间亲缘关系的遗传学分析[J].遗传,2007,29(10):1223-1229.
[64]张家口考古队.蔚县夏家店下层文化颅骨的人种学研究[J].北方文物,1987(1):2-11转20.
[65]张治强.西寨遗址陶器分析[J].北方文物,2005(3):11-18.
[66]张忠培,孔哲生,张文军,陈雍.夏家店下层文化研究[C]//苏秉琦.考古学文化论集(第一辑).北京:文物出版社,1987:58-78.
[67]张忠培.关于内蒙古东部地区考古的几个问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古东部区考古学文化研究文集.北京:海洋出版社,1991:3-9.
[68]张忠培.辽宁古遗存的分区、编年及其他——“环渤海考古”学术讨论会上的发言[J].辽海文物学刊,1991(1):8-12.
[69]赵欣,等.从分子生物学角度看河北蔚县三关墓地古代居民的遗传结构[J].文物春秋,2009(1):3-8转33.
[70]郑丽慧,朱泓,陈靓.内蒙古七郎山魏晋时期鲜卑墓葬人骨研究[J].内蒙古文物考古,2003(1):87-91.
[71]中国科学院考古研究所体质人类学组.赤峰、宁城夏家店上层文化人骨研究[J].考古学报,1975(2):157-169.
[72]周慧,万成,朱泓.古人骨DNA的提取、扩增、测序与研究[J].北方文物,2001(3):8-11.
[73]朱泓,王成生.彰武平安堡青铜时代居民的种族类型[J].考古,1994(2):159-169.
[74]朱泓,魏东.内蒙古敖汉旗水泉遗址出土的青铜时代人骨(日文)[C]//东北亚细亚先史文化的比较考古学研究.日本:2002:69-93.
[75]朱泓,张全超.内蒙古林西县井沟子遗址西区墓地人骨研究[J].人类学学报,2007,26(2):97-106.
[76]朱泓,周慧,林雪川.老山汉墓女性墓主人种族类型、DNA分析和颅象复原[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2004(2):21-27.
[77]朱泓.本溪庙后山青铜时代居民的种系归属[C]//苏秉琦.考古学文化论集(第四辑).北京:文物出版社,1997:211-218.
[78]朱泓.内蒙古察右前旗庙子沟新石器时代颅骨的人类学特征[J].人类学学报,1994,13(2):126-133.
[79]朱泓.内蒙古长城地带的古代种族[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第1辑).北京:科学出版社,2002:301-313.
[80]朱泓.夏家店上层文化居民的种族类型及相关问题[J].辽海文物学刊,1989(1):111-122.
[81]朱泓.小黑石沟夏家店上层文化居民的人类学特征[C]//吉林大学考古学系.青果集(二).北京:知识出版社,1998:228-236.
[82]朱泓.中国东北地区的古代种族[J].文物季刊,1998(1):54-64.
[83]朱泓.中国南方地区的古代种族[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2002,171(3):5-12.
[84]朱泓.中国西北地区的古代种族[J].考古与文物,2006(5):60-65.
[85]朱泓.中原地区的古代种族[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.庆祝张忠培先生七十岁论文集.北京:科学出版社,2004:549-557.
[86]朱延平.富河文化的若干问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第一辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1994:114-118.
[87]朱永刚.大、小凌河流域含曲刃短剑遗存的考古学文化及相关问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:362-374.
[88]朱永刚.东北青铜文化的发展阶段与文化区系[J].考古学报,1998(2):133-152.
[89]邹衡.关于夏商时期北方地区诸邻境文化的初步探讨[C]//邹衡.夏商周考古学论文集(第二版).北京:科学出版社,2001:233-270.
[1]北京大学历史系考古专业商周组.商周考古[M].北京:文物出版社,1979.
[2]蔡大伟.分子考古学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[3]李伯谦.中国青铜文化结构体系研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[4]李法军.河北阳原姜家梁新石器时代人骨研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[5]辽宁省文物考古研究所.牛河梁红山文化遗址与玉器精粹[M].北京:文物出版社,1997.
[6]林少宫,等.多元统计分析及计算机程序[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1987.
[7]米红,张文璋.实用现代统计学分析方法与SPSS应用[M].北京:当代中国出版社,2000:204-278.
[8]邵象清.人体测量手册[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1985.
[9]乌恩岳斯图.北方草原考古学文化研究——青铜时代至早期铁器时代[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[10]吴汝康,吴新智,张振标.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
[11]薛薇. SPSS统计分析方法及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[12]扬怀仁.第四纪地质[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987.
[13]杨建华.春秋战国时期中国北方文化带的形成[M].北京:文物出版社, 2004:101-102.
[14]杨志军,郝思德,李陈奇.平洋墓葬[M].北京:文物出版社,1990.
[15]赵宾福.东北石器时代考古[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2003.
[16]朱泓.体质人类学[M].北京:高等教育出报社,2004.
[1]常娥.内蒙古长城地带先秦时期人类遗骸的DNA研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2008.
[2]陈国庆.辽西地区新石器时代考古文化的形成与发展——兼论与周邻地区考古文化的互动关系[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2006.
[3]葛斌文.井沟子古代人群的遗传分析[D].长春:吉林大学生命科学学院硕士学位论文,2008.
[4]宋豫秦.西辽河流域全新世沙质荒漠化过程的人地关系[D].北京:北京大学博士后研究工作报告,1995.转引自王立新.辽西区夏至战国时期文化格局与经济形态的演进[J].考古学报,2004(3):243-270.
[5]张全超.内蒙古和林格尔县新店子墓地人骨研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2005.
[6]张小咏. 5000aB.P.以来辽西地区环境演变与人地关系研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[7]张亚强.哈啦海沟墓地发掘及探索[D].长春:吉林大学文学院硕士学位论文,2008.
[8]赵宾福.中国东北地区夏至战国时期的考古学文化研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2005.
[1]辽宁省文物考古研究所,赤峰市博物馆.大南沟——后红山文化墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[2]内蒙古文物考古研究所.白音长汗——新石器时代遗址发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[3]魏坚.庙子沟与大坝沟——新石器时代遗址发掘报告(上)[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2003.
[4]中国社会科学院考古研究所.大甸子——夏家店下层文化遗址与墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[1]安特生.奉天锦西县沙锅屯洞穴层[M]//地质调查所.古生物(丁种第1号第1册). 1933.
[2]敖汉旗博物馆.敖汉旗南台地赵宝沟文化遗址调查[J].内蒙古文物考古,1991(1):2-10.
[3]巴林右旗博物馆.内蒙古巴林右旗那斯台遗址调查[J].考古,1987(6):507-518.
[4]方殿春,刘葆华.辽宁阜新县胡头沟红山文化玉器墓的发现[J].文物,1984(6):1-5.
[5]高美璇.兴城县仙灵寺夏家店下层文化遗址[M]//中国考古学会.中国考古学年鉴1985.北京:文物出版社,1985:124-125.
[6]郭大顺,张克举.辽宁省喀左县东山嘴红山文化建筑群址发掘简报[J].文物,1984(11):1-11.
[7]河北省文物管理处.河北迁安安新庄新石器遗址调查和试掘[C]//《考古》编辑部.考古学集刊(第4辑).北京:中国社会科学出版社,1984:96-110.
[8]河北省文物研究所.河北省迁西县东寨遗址发掘简报[J].文物春秋,1992年增刊:128-143.
[9]河北省文物研究所.河北阳原县姜家梁新石器时代遗址的发掘[J].考古,2001(2):13-27.
[10]吉林大学边疆考古研究中心,内蒙古文物考古研究所. 2002年内蒙古林西县井沟子遗址西区墓葬发掘纪要[J].考古与文物,2004(1):6-19.
[11]锦州市博物馆.辽宁锦西县乌金塘东周墓调查记[J].考古,1960(5):7-9.
[12]喀左县文化馆.记辽宁喀左县后坟村发现的一组陶器[J].考古,1982(1):108-109.
[13]克什克腾旗博物馆.克什克腾旗上店小河沿文化墓地及遗址调查简报[J].内蒙古文物考古,1992(Z1):77-83.
[14]李恭笃.辽宁凌源县三官甸子城子山遗址试掘报告[J].考古,1986(6):497-510.
[15]辽宁省博物馆,朝阳地区博物馆.辽宁喀左南洞沟石椁墓[J].考古,1977(6):373-375.
[16]辽宁省博物馆,朝阳市博物馆.建平水泉遗址发掘简报[J].辽海文物学刊,1986(2):11-29.
[17]辽宁省博物馆,昭乌达盟文物工作站,敖汉旗文化馆.辽宁敖汉旗小河沿三种原始文化的发现[J].文物,1977(12):1-12转81.
[18]辽宁省博物馆,昭乌达盟文物工作站,赤峰县文化馆.内蒙古赤峰县四分地东山嘴遗址试掘简报[J].考古,1983(5):420-429.
[19]辽宁省博物馆.辽宁凌源县三官甸青铜短剑墓[J].考古,1985(2):125-130.
[20]辽宁省博物馆文物工作队.辽宁朝阳魏营子西周墓和古遗址[J].考古,1977(5):306-309.
[21]辽宁省文物干部培训班.辽宁北票丰下遗址1972年春发掘简报[J].考古,1976(3):197-210转186.
[22]辽宁省文物考古研究所,朝阳市博物馆,朝阳县文物管理所.朝阳小东山新石器至汉代遗址发掘报告[C]//辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁省道路建设考古报告集(2003).沈阳:辽宁民族出版社,2004:1-94.
[23]辽宁省文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古系.辽宁阜新平顶山石城址发掘报告[J].考古,1992(5):399-417.
[24]辽宁省文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古学系.辽宁彰武平安堡遗址发掘简报[J].辽海文物学刊,1989(2):99-109.
[25]辽宁省文物考古研究所,喀左县博物馆.喀左和尚沟墓地[J].辽海文物学刊,1989(2):110-115.
[26]辽宁省文物考古研究所.阜新查海新石器时代遗址试掘简报[J].辽海文物学刊,1988(l):11-16.
[27]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁北票喇嘛洞青铜时代墓葬[J].文物,2004(5):26-30转77.
[28]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁北票市康家屯城址发掘简报[J].考古,2001(8):31-44.
[29]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁凌源市牛河梁遗址第五地点1998~1999年度的发掘[J].考古,2001(8):15-30.
[30]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁第二地点四号冢筒形器墓的发掘[J].文物,1997(8):15-19.
[31]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁第二地点一号冢21号墓发掘简报[J].文物,1997(8):9-14.
[32]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁第五地点一号冢中心大墓(M1)发掘简报[J].文物,1997(8):4-8.
[33]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁红山文化“女神庙”与积石冢群发掘简报[J].文物,1986(8):1-17.
[34]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁义县向阳岭青铜时代遗址发掘报告[C]//《考古》编辑部.考古学集刊(第13集).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2000:41-82.
[35]辽宁省文物考古研究所.牛河梁第十六地点红山文化积石冢中心大墓发掘简报[J].文物,2008(10):4-14.
[36]辽宁省文物考古研究所.牛河梁红山文化第二地点一号冢石棺墓的发掘[J].文物,2008(10):15-33.
[37]刘国祥,贾笑冰,赵明辉,邵国田.兴隆沟遗址发掘又有重要发现[N].中国文物报,2003-1-3(1转2).
[38]刘晋祥.翁牛特旗小善德沟新石器时代遗址[M]//中国考古学会.中国考古学年鉴1989.北京:文物出版社,1990:130-131.
[39]刘谦.锦州山河营子遗址发掘报告[J].考古,1986(10):873-881.
[40]吕遵谔.内蒙赤峰红山考古调查[J].考古学报,1958(3):25-40.
[41]内蒙古文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古学系.内蒙古林西县白音长汗新石器时代遗址1991年发掘简报[J].文物,2002(1):4-15.
[42]内蒙古文物考古研究所.巴林左旗友好村二道梁红山文化遗址发掘简报[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第一辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1994:96-113.
[43]内蒙古文物考古研究所.赤峰市松山区三座店遗址2005年度发掘简报[J].内蒙古文物考古,2006(1):1-8.
[44]内蒙古文物考古研究所.克什克腾旗南台子遗址[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:53-77.
[45]内蒙古文物考古研究所.克什克腾旗南台子遗址发掘简报[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第一辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1994:87-95.
[46]内蒙古文物考古研究所.凉城崞县窑子墓地[J].考古学报,1989(1):57-81.
[47]内蒙古文物考古研究所.林西县水泉遗址发掘述要[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:78-84.
[48]内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古林西县白音长汗新石器时代遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1993(7):577-586.
[49]内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古林西县水泉遗址发掘简报[J].考古,2005(11):19-29.
[50]内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古朱开沟遗址[J].考古学报,1988(3):301-332.
[51]内蒙古自治区昭乌达盟文物工作站.内蒙古昭乌达盟石羊石虎山新石器时代墓葬[J].考古,1963(10):523-524转546.
[52]塔拉,齐晓光.宁城县小黑石沟夏家店上层文化遗址[M]//中国考古学会.中国考古学年鉴1986.北京:文物出版社,1988:102.
[53]王刚.林西县井沟子夏家店上层文化墓葬[J].内蒙古文物考古,1998(1):1-4.
[54]魏凡.牛河梁红山文化第三地点积石冢石棺墓[J].辽海文物学刊,1994(1):9-13转101.
[55]辛占山.康平顺山屯青铜时代遗址试掘报告[J].辽海文物学刊,1988(1):27-40.
[56]张家口考古队.蔚县考古记略[J].考古与文物,1982,12(4):10-14.
[57]张家口考古队.蔚县夏商时期考古的主要收获[J].考古与文物,1984,21(1):40-48.
[58]中国科学院考古研究所辽宁工作队.敖汉旗大甸子遗址1974年试掘简报[J].考古,1975(2):99-101.
[59]中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古发掘队.赤峰药王庙、夏家店遗址试掘报告[J].考古学报,1974(1):111-144.
[60]中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古发掘队.内蒙古赤峰药王庙、夏家店遗址试掘简报[J].考古,1961(2):77-81.
[61]中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古巴林左旗富河沟门遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1964(1):1-5.
[62]中国社会科学院考古研究所,内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所,吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.内蒙古喀喇沁旗大山前遗址1998年的发掘[J].考古,2004(3):31-39.
[63]中国社会科学院考古研究所,内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古系.内蒙古喀喇沁旗大山前遗址1996年发掘简报[J].考古,1998(9):43-49.
[64]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古第一工作队.内蒙古赤峰市兴隆沟聚落遗址2002—2003年的发掘[J].考古,2004(7):3-8.
[65]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队,敖汉旗博物馆.内蒙古敖汉旗兴隆沟新石器时代遗址调查[J].考古,2000(9):30-48.
[66]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.赤峰西水泉红山文化遗址[J].考古学报,1982(2):183-198.
[67]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.赤峰蜘蛛山遗址的发掘[J].考古学报,1979(2):215-243.
[68]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗小山遗址[J].考古,1987(6):481-506.
[69]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗兴隆洼遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1985(10):865-874.
[70]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗赵宝沟一号遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1988(1):1-6.
[71]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.宁城南山根遗址发掘报告[J].考古学报,1975(1):117-140.
[72]朱风瀚.吉林奈曼旗大沁他拉新石器时代遗址调查[J].考古,1979(3):209-222.
[73]朱贵.辽宁朝阳十二台营子青铜短剑墓[J].考古学报,1960(l):63-72.
[1] Alan J Redd, et al. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Mongolian Populations and Implications for the Origin of New World Founders[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1999, 65:808-828.
[2] Anderson S, Bankier A T, Barrell B G, et al. Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome[J]. Nature, 1981, 290:457-465.
[3] Bamshad M, Kivisild T, Watkins W S, et al. Genetic evidence on the origins of Indian caste populations[J]. Genome Research, 2001, 11:994-1004.
[4] Bandelt H J, Forster P, Rohl A. Median joining networks for inferring intraspeciWc phylogenies[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 1999, 16:37-48.
[5] Bandelt H J, Forster P, Sykes B C, et al. Mitochondrial portraits of human populations using median networks[J]. Genetics, 1995, 141:743-753.
[6] Betty D J, Chin-Atkins AN, et al. Multiple independent origins of the COII/tRNALys intergenic 9-bp mtDNA deletion in aboriginal Australians[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1996, 58:428-433.
[7] Cai D W, Han L, Xie C Z, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Bronze Age horses recovered from Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2007, 17(5):545-550.
[8] Cai D W, Han L, Zhang X L, et al. DNA analysis of archaeological sheep remains from China[J]. Journal of archaeological science, 2007(34):1347-1355.
[9] Cavalli-Sforza L L, Feldman M W. The application of molecular genetic approaches to the study of human evolution[J]. Nat Genet, 2003, 33:266-275.
[10] Christine K T, Eric C, Bertrand L, et al. Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a 2,000-Year-Old Necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongol[iaJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003, 73:247-260.
[11] Comas D, Calafell F, Mateu E, et al. Trading genes along the Silk Road: mtDNA sequences and the origin of central Asian populations[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1998, 63:1824-1838.
[12] Comas D, et al. Geographic variation in human mitochondrial DNA control region sequence the population history of Turkey and its relationship to the European population[sJ]. Mol Biol Ed, 1996, 13(8):1067-1077.
[13] Comas D, Plaza S, Wells R S, et al. Admixture,migrations, and dispersals in Central Asia: evidence from maternal DNA lineages[J]. Eur J Hum Genet, 2004, 12:495-504.
[14] Cooper A, Poinar H N. Ancient DNA: do it right or no[tJ]? Science, 2000, 289(5482):1139.
[15] Derbeneva O A, Starikovskaia E B, Volod'ko N V, et al. Mitochondrial DNA variation in Kets and Nganasans and the early peoples of Northern Eurasia[J]. Genetika, 2002, 38:1554-1560.
[16] Derenko M V, Grzybowski T, Malyarchuk B A, et al. Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA Lineages in South Siberia[J]. Ann Hum Genet, 2003, 67:391-411.
[17] Excoffier LLGSS. Arlequin ver.3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis[J]. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 2005, Online 1:47-50.
[18] Fedorova S A, Bermisheva M A, Villems R, et al. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA lineages in Yakuts[J]. Mol Biol (Mosk), 2003, 37:643-653.
[19] Fu Y Q, Xu X L, Zhang X L, et al. Phylogenetic Analysis of MtDNA from the Ancient Human of the Yuan Dynasty in Inner Mongolia in Chi[naJ]. CHEM RES CHINESE U, 2006, 22(2):177-180.
[20] Fu Y Q, Zhao H, Cui Y Q, et al. Molecular genetic analysis of Wanggu Remains, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007, 132:285-291.
[21] Fu Y X. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection[J]. Genetics, 1997, 147:915-925.
[22] Gao S Z, Yang Y D, Xu Y, et al. Tracing the Genetic History of the Chinese People: Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a Neolithic Population from the Lajia Sit[eJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007, 133:1128-1136.
[23] Giles R E, Blanc H, Cann H M, et al. Maternal inheritance of human mitochondrial DN[AJ]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1980, 77:6715-6719.
[24] Handt O, Krings M, Ward R H, et al. The retrival of ancient human DNA sequenc[esJ]. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 1996, 59:368-376.
[25] Higuchi R, Bowman B, Freiberger M, et al. DNA sequences from the quagga, an extinct member of the horse family[J]. Nature, 1984, 312(15):282-284.
[26] Horai S, Murayama K, et al. mtDNA polymorphism in east Asian populations, with special reference to the peopling of Japan[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1996, 59:579-590.
[27] Imaizumi K, et al. A new database of mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II sequences from 162 Japanese individuals[J]. Int J Legal Med, 2002, 116:68-73.
[28] Kazuo U, Masashi T, Isao Y, et al. Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis for rapid detection of human mitochondrial DNA variation[sJ]. Electrophoresis, 2001, 22:3533-3538.
[29] Kivisild T, Bamshad M J, Kaldma K, et al. Deep common ancestry of Indian and western-Eurasian mitochondrial DNA lineages[J]. Curr Biol, 1999, 9:1331-1334.
[30] Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, et al. The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003, 72:313-332.
[31] Kivisild T, Tolk H-V, Parik J, et al. The emerging limbs and twigs of the East Asian mtDNA tree[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2002, 19(10):1737-1751.
[32] Kolman C, Sambuughin N, Bermingham E. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Mongolian populations and implications for the origin of New World founder[sJ]. Genetics, 1996, 142:1321-1334.
[33] Kong Q P, Yao Y G, Liu M, et al. Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic population from northern China[J]. Human Genetics, 2003, 113(5):391-405.
[34] Kong Q P, Yao Y G, Sun C, et al. Phylogeny of East Asian Mitochondrial DNA Lineages Inferred from Complete Sequences[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003, 73:671-676.
[35] Krause J, Dear P H, Pollack J L, et al. Multiplex amplification of the mammoth mitochondrial genome and the evolution of Elephantida[eJ]. Nature, 2005, 439:724-727.
[36] Lee S D, et al. Sequence variation of mitochondrial DNA control region in Korean[sJ]. Forensic Sci Int, 1997, 87:99-116.
[37] Li H Y, Y J-E, et al. East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: Haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control region sequence analysis[J]. Electrophoresis, 2006, 27:4408-4418.
[38] Li H Y, Y J-E, et al. Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences in Koreans: identification of useful variable sites and phylogenetic analysis for mtDNA data quality contro[lJ]. Int J Legal Med, 2006, 120:5-14.
[39] Martin Richards, et al. Paleolithic and neolithic lineages in the European mitochondrial gene pool[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1996, 59:185-203.
[40] Maruyama S, Minaguchi K, Saitou N. Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA lineages in the Japanese populatio[nJ]. Int J Legal Med, 2003, 117:218-225.
[41] Mullis K B, Faloona F A. Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase catalyzed chain reaction[J]. Science, 1985, 230:1350-1354.
[42] Nagata J, Msuda R, Yoshida M C. Nucleotide sequences of the Cytchrome b and the 12S rRNA genes in the Japaneses Sika Deer Cerous nippon[J]. J Mamm Soc Japan, 1995, 20(1):1-8.
[43] Nishimaki Y, Sato K, Fang L, et al. Sequence polymorphism in the mtDNA HV1 region in Japanese and Chinese[J]. Legal Med, 1999, 1:238-249.
[44] Oota H, Kitano T, Jin F, et al. Extreme mtDNA homogeneity in continental Asian populations[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2002, 118:146-153.
[45] Oota H, Saitou N, Matsushita T, Ueda S. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Remains of a 2,000-Year-Old Human Population in China—and Its Relevance for the Origin of the Modern Japanese Population[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1999, 64:250-258.
[46] Oota H, Settheetham-Ishida W, Tiwawech D, et al. Human mtDNA and Y-chromosome variation is correlated with matrilocal versus patrilocal residence[J]. Nat Genet, 2001, 29:20-21.
[47] Pakendorf B, et al. Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts[J]. Hum Genet, 2006, 120:334-353.
[48] Pakendorf B, Stoneking M. Mitochondrial DNA and human evolutio[nJ]. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet, 2005, 6:165-183.
[49] Pakendorf B, Wiebe V, Tarskaia L A, et al. Mitochondrial DNA evidence for admixed origins of central Siberian populations[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003, 120:211-224.
[50] Poinar H N. Criteria for authenticity in ancient DNA wo[rkJ]. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2004:115-116.
[51] Puzyrev V P, Stepanov V A, Golubenko M V, et al. MtDNA and Y-Chromosome Lineages in the Yakut Population[J]. Genetika, 2003, 39:975-981.
[52] Quintana-Murci L, Chaix R, Wells S, et al. Where West meets East: The complex mtDNA landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian corrido[rJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 2004, 74:827-845.
[53] Redd A J, Takezaki N, Sherry S T, et al. Evolutionary history of the COII/tRNALys intergenic 9 base pair deletion in human mitochondrial DNAs from the Pacif[icJ]. Mol Biol Evol, 1995, 12:12.
[54] Rogers A R, Harpending H. Population growth curves in the distribution of pairwise genetic diVerences[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 1992, 9:552-559.
[55] Saillard J, Forster P, Lynnerup N. MtDNA variation among Greenland Eskimos: the edge of the Beringian expansion[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2000, 67:718-726.
[56] Saitou N, Nei M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 1987, 14:406-425.
[57] Schurr T G, Sukernik R I, Starikovskaya Y B, et al. Mitochondrial DNA variation in Koryaks and Itel'men: population replacement in the Okhotsk Sea-Bering Sea region during the Neolithic[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1999, 108:1-39.
[58] Shinoda, et al. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Ancient Peruvian Highlande[rsJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006, 131(1):98-107.
[59] Simmons M P. Independence of alignment and tree search[J]. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2004, 31:874-879.
[60] Starikovskaya Y B, Sukernik R I, Schurr T G, et al. MtDNA diversity in Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos: implications for the genetic history of Ancient Beringia and the peopling of the New World[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1998, 63:1473-1491.
[61] Takahashi K, Nei M. Efficiencies of fast algorithms of phylogenetic inference under the criteria of maximum parsimony, minimum evolution, and maximum likelihood when a large number of sequences are used[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2000, 17:1251-1258.
[62] Tanaka M, Cabrera V M, Gonzalez A M, et al. Mitochondrial genome variation in Eastern Asia and the peopling of Japan[J]. Genome Research, 2004, 14(10A):1832-1850.
[63] Theodore G Schurr, Douglas C Wallace. Mitochondrial DNA diversity in Southeast Asian populations[J]. Human Biology, 2002, 74(3):431-452.
[64] Torroni A, Miller J A, Moore L G, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis in Tibet: implications for the origin of the Tibetanpopulation and its adaptation to high altitud[eJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1994, 93:189-199.
[65] Torroni A, Sukernik R I, Schurr T G, et al. MtDNA variation of aboriginal Siberians reveals distinct genetic affinities with Native American[sJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 1993, 53:591-608.
[66] Tsai L C, Lin C Y, Lee J C, et al. Sequence polymorphism of mitochondrial D-loop DNA in the Taiwanese Han population[J]. Forensic Sci Int, 2001, 119:239-247.
[67] Umetsu K, Tanaka M, Yuasa I, Saitou N, et al. Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis for rapid detection of human mitochondrial DNA variation[s.J]. Electrophoresis, 2001, 22:3533-3538.
[68] Umetsu, et al. Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis of 36 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms for haplogrouping of East Asian populations[J]. Electrophoresis, 2005, 26:91-98.
[69] Wang H J, Ge B W, Victor H Mair, et al. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Remains from Lamadong Cemetery, Liaoning, Chin[aJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007, 134:404-411.
[70] Wang H J, Liu W Q, Fu Y Q, et al. Molecular biological analysis of remains from Jiangjungou Cemetery in Inner Mongolia[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2006, 16(7):727-731.
[71] Wang L, Oota H, Saitou N, et al. Genetic Structure of a 2,500-Year-Old Human Population in China and Its Spatiotemporal Changes[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2000, 17(9):1396-1400.
[72] Wen B, et al. Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han cultur[eJ]. Nature, 2004, 431(16):302-305.
[73] Xie C Z, Li C X, Cui Y Q, et al. Evidence of ancient DNA reveals the first European lineage in Iron Age Central China[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society. B: Biological Sciences, 2007, 274: 1597-1601.
[74] Xie C Z, Li C X, Cui Y Q, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Sampula population in Xinjiang[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2007, 17(8): 927-933.
[75] Xu Y, Zhang X L, Cui Y Q, et al. Genetic Structure Analysis of Human Remains from Khitan Noble Necropolis[J]. CHEM RES CHINESE U, 2006, 22(2):123-128.
[76] Yang D Y, ENG B, WAYE J. Technical Note: impoved DNA extraction from Ancient Bones using silica-based spin columns[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1998, 105:539-543.
[77] Yao Y G, et al. Different matrilineal contributions to genetic structure of ethnic groups in the silk road region in china[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2004, 21(12):2265-2280.
[78] Yao Y G, et al. Gene admixture in the Silk Road region of China: Evidence from mtDNA and melanocortin 1 receptor polymorphism[J]. Genes Genet Syst, 2000, 75:173-178.
[79] Yao Y G, Kong Q P, Bandelt H J, et al. Phylogeographic differentiation of mitochondrial DNA in Han Chinese[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2002, 70:635-651.
[80] Yao Y G, Kong Q P, et al. Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of China: A Caveat About Inferences Drawn from Ancient DNA[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2003, 20(2):214-219.
[81] Yao Y G, Zhang Y P, et al. Phylogeographic analysis of mtDNA variation in four ethnic populations fromYunnan Province: new data and a reappraisa[lJ]. J Hum Genet, 2002, 47:311-318.
[82] Yao Y, Nie L, Harpending H, et al. Genetic relationship of Chinese ethnic populations revealed by mtDNA sequence diversity[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2002, 118:63-76.
[83] Yu C C, Xie L, Zhang X L, et al. Genetic analysis on Tuoba Xianbei remains excavated from Qilang mountain cemetery in Qahar Right Wing Middle Banner of Inner Mongo[liaJ]. FEBS Letters, 2006, 580(26):6242-6246.
[84] Yu N, Zheng C L, Zhang Y P, et al. Molecular systematics of Pikas (Genus Ochotona) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences[J]. Mol Phyl Evol, 2000, 16(1):85-95.
[85]滨田耕作,水野清一.赤峰红山后[M].东京:东亚考古学会.东方考古学丛刊(甲种第六册),1938.
[86]三宅宗悦,等.赤峰红山后石椁墓人骨的人类学的研究[M]//滨田耕作、水野清一.赤峰红山后(附录一).东京:1938:89-110.
[1]转引自http://www.mitomap.org/WorldMigration.pd.f
2张小咏. 5000aB.P.以来辽西地区环境演变与人地关系研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文,2003.
3杨虎.试论兴隆洼文化及相关问题[C]//中国考古学研究编委会.中国考古学研究——夏鼐先生考古五十年纪念论文集.北京:文物出版社,1986:71-81.
4中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗兴隆洼遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1985(10):865-874.
5辽宁省文物考古研究所.阜新查海新石器时代遗址试掘简报[J].辽海文物学刊,1988(1):11-16.
6内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古林西县白音长汗新石器时代遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1993(7):577-586.
7内蒙古文物考古研究所.克什克腾旗南台子遗址发掘简报[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第一辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1994:87-95.
8河北省文物研究所.河北省迁西县东寨遗址发掘简报[J].文物春秋,1992年增刊:128-143.
9 a.中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队,敖汉旗博物馆.内蒙古敖汉旗兴隆沟新石器时代遗址调查[J].考古,2000(9):30-48.b.刘国祥,贾笑冰,赵明辉,邵国田.赤峰兴隆沟遗址发掘可望解决多项学术课题[N].中国文物报,2001-11-16(1). c.刘国祥,贾笑冰,赵明辉,邵国田.兴隆沟遗址发掘又有重要发现[N].中国文物报,2003-1-3(1转2). d.刘国祥.兴隆沟聚落遗址发掘收获及意义[M]//刘国祥.东北文物考古论集.北京:科学出版社,2004:58-74. e.中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古第一工作队.内蒙古赤峰市兴隆沟聚落遗址2002—2003年的发掘[J].考古,2004(7):3-8.
10赵宾福.东北石器时代考古[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2003.
11朱风瀚.吉林奈曼旗大沁他拉新石器时代遗址调查[J].考古,1979(3):209-222.
12河北省文物管理处.河北迁安安新庄新石器遗址调查和试掘[C]//《考古》编辑部.考古学集刊(第4辑).北京:中国社会科学出版社,1984:96-110.
13苏秉琦.辽西古文化古城古国——兼谈当前田野考古工作的重点或大课题[J].文物,1986(8):41-44.
14中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗小山遗址[J].考古,1987(6):481-506.
15中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗赵宝沟一号遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1988(1):1-6.
16同15.
17敖汉旗博物馆.敖汉旗南台地赵宝沟文化遗址调查[J].内蒙古文物考古,1991(1):2-10.
18 a.同6. b.内蒙古文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古学系.内蒙古林西县白音长汗新石器时代遗址1991年发掘简报[J].文物,2002(1):4-15. c.内蒙古文物考古研究所.白音长汗——新石器时代遗址发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
19 a.内蒙古文物考古研究所.林西县水泉遗址发掘述要[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:78-84. b.内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古林西县水泉遗址发掘简报[J].考古,2005(11):19-29.
20刘晋祥.翁牛特旗小善德沟新石器时代遗址[M]//中国考古学会.中国考古学年鉴1989.北京:文物出版社,1990:130-131.
21张治强.西寨遗址陶器分析[J].北方文物,2005(3):11-18.
22同10.
23中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古巴林左旗富河沟门遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1964(1):1-5.
24朱延平.富河文化的若干问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第一辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1994:114-118.
25同10.
26陈国庆.辽西地区新石器时代考古文化的形成与发展——兼论与周邻地区考古文化的互动关系[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2006.
27安特生.奉天锦西县沙锅屯洞穴层[M]//地质调查所.古生物(丁种第1号第1册). 1933.
28滨田耕作,水野清一.赤峰红山后[M].东京:东亚考古学会.东方考古学丛刊(甲种第六册),1938.
29尹达.关于赤峰红山后的新石器时代遗址[M]//尹达.新石器时代.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店出版社,1955:143-146.
30中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.赤峰蜘蛛山遗址的发掘[J].考古学报,1979(2):215-243.
31中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.赤峰西水泉红山文化遗址[J].考古学报,1982(2):183-198.
32同18c.
33内蒙古文物考古研究所.巴林左旗友好村二道梁红山文化遗址发掘简报[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第一辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1994:96-113.
34 a.同4. b.杨虎.关于红山文化的几个问题[C]//庆祝苏秉琦考古五十五周年论文集编写组.庆祝苏秉琦考古五十五周年论文集.北京:文物出版社,1989:216-266.
35辽宁省博物馆,昭乌达盟文物工作站,敖汉旗文化馆.辽宁敖汉旗小河沿三种原始文化的发现[J].文物,1977(12):1-12转81.
36 a.同7. b.内蒙古文物考古研究所.克什克腾旗南台子遗址[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:53-77.
37巴林右旗博物馆.内蒙古巴林右旗那斯台遗址调查[J].考古,1987(6):507-518.
38辽宁省文物考古研究所,朝阳市博物馆,朝阳县文物管理所.朝阳小东山新石器至汉代遗址发掘报告[C]//辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁省道路建设考古报告集(2003).沈阳:辽宁民族出版社,2004:1-94.
39辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁红山文化“女神庙”与积石冢群发掘简报[J].文物,1986(8):1-17.
40郭大顺,张克举.辽宁省喀左县东山嘴红山文化建筑群址发掘简报[J].文物,1984(11):1-11.
41李恭笃.辽宁凌源县三官甸子城子山遗址试掘报告[J].考古,1986(6):497-510.
42方殿春,刘葆华.辽宁阜新县胡头沟红山文化玉器墓的发现[J].文物,1984(6):1-5.
43同26.
44同10.
45同27.
46同28.
47内蒙古自治区昭乌达盟文物工作站.内蒙古昭乌达盟石羊石虎山新石器时代墓葬[J].考古,1963(10):523-524转546.
48同35.
49辽宁省文物考古研究所,赤峰市博物馆.大南沟——后红山文化墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
50同18c.
51克什克腾旗博物馆.克什克腾旗上店小河沿文化墓地及遗址调查简报[J].内蒙古文物考古,1992(Z1):77-83.
52河北省文物研究所.河北阳原县姜家梁新石器时代遗址的发掘[J].考古,2001(2):13-27.
53同28.
54吕遵谔.内蒙赤峰红山考古调查[J].考古学报,1958(3):25-40.
55 a.中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古发掘队.内蒙古赤峰药王庙、夏家店遗址试掘简报[J].考古,1961(2):77-81. b.中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古发掘队.赤峰药王庙、夏家店遗址试掘报告[J].考古学报,1974(1):111-144.
56中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.宁城南山根遗址发掘报告[J].考古学报,1975(1):117-140.
57同30.
58辽宁省博物馆,昭乌达盟文物工作站,赤峰县文化馆.内蒙古赤峰县四分地东山嘴遗址试掘简报[J].考古,1983(5):420-429.
59内蒙古文物考古研究所.赤峰市松山区三座店遗址2005年度发掘简报[J].内蒙古文物考古,2006(1):1-8.
60同35.
61 a.中国科学院考古研究所辽宁工作队.敖汉旗大甸子遗址1974年试掘简报[J].考古,1975(2):99-101. b.中国社会科学院考古研究所.大甸子——夏家店下层文化遗址与墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
62 a.中国社会科学院考古研究所,内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古系.内蒙古喀喇沁旗大山前遗址1996年发掘简报[J].考古,1998(9):43-49. b.中国社会科学院考古研究所,内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所,吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.内蒙古喀喇沁旗大山前遗址1998年的发掘[J].考古,2004(3):31-39.
63辽宁省文物干部培训班.辽宁北票丰下遗址1972年春发掘简报[J].考古,1976(3):197-210转186.
64辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁北票市康家屯城址发掘简报[J].考古,2001(8):31-44.
65辽宁省博物馆,朝阳市博物馆.建平水泉遗址发掘简报[J].辽海文物学刊,1986(2):11-29.
66辽宁省文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古系.辽宁阜新平顶山石城址发掘报告[J].考古,1992(5):399-417.
67辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁义县向阳岭青铜时代遗址发掘报告[C]//《考古》编辑部.考古学集刊(第13集).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2000:41-82.
68 a.北京大学历史系考古专业商周组.商周考古[M].北京:文物出版社,1979. b.邹衡.关于夏商时期北方地区诸邻境文化的初步探讨[C]//邹衡.夏商周考古学论文集(第二版).北京:科学出版社,2001:233-270.
69李经汉.试论夏家店下层文化的分期和类型[C]//中国考古学会.中国考古学会第一次年会论文集.北京:文物出版社,1979:163-170.
70张忠培,孔哲生,张文军,陈雍.夏家店下层文化研究[C]//苏秉琦.考古学文化论集(第一辑).北京:文物出版社,1987:58-78.
71李伯谦.中国青铜文化结构体系研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
72 a.韩嘉谷.京津地区商周时期古文化发展的一点线索[C]//中国考古学会.中国考古学会第三次年会论文集(1981年).北京:文物出版社,1984:220-229. b.卜工.燕山地区夏商时期的陶鬲谱系[J].北方文物,1989(2):30-38. c.王立新,齐晓光,夏保国.夏家店下层文化渊源刍论[J].北方文物,1993(2):5-16. d.纪烈敏.燕山南麓青铜文化的类型谱系及其演变[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第1辑).北京:科学出版社,2002:103-122.
73乌恩岳斯图.北方草原考古学文化研究——青铜时代至早期铁器时代[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
74王立新.辽西区夏至战国时期文化格局与经济形态的演进[J].考古学报,2004(3):243-270.
75夏鼐.我国近五年来的考古新收获[J].考古,1964(10):485-497.
76同69.
77同72c.
78同73.
79喀左县文化馆.记辽宁喀左县后坟村发现的一组陶器[J].考古,1982(1):108-109.
80韩嘉谷.燕史源流的考古学考察[C]//陈光.燕文化研究论文集.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1995:61-81.
81辽宁省博物馆文物工作队.辽宁朝阳魏营子西周墓和古遗址[J].考古,1977(5):306-309.
82高美璇.兴城县仙灵寺夏家店下层文化遗址[M]//中国考古学会.中国考古学年鉴1985.北京:文物出版社,1985:124-125.
83同66.
84同67.
85刘谦.锦州山河营子遗址发掘报告[J].考古,1986(10):873-881.
86辽宁省文物考古研究所,喀左县博物馆.喀左和尚沟墓地[J].辽海文物学刊,1989(2):110-115.
87赵宾福.中国东北地区夏至战国时期的考古学文化研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2005.
88郭大顺.试论魏营子类型[C]//苏秉琦.考古学文化论集(第一辑).北京:文物出版社,1987:79-98.
89同87.
90同88.
91朱永刚.东北青铜文化的发展阶段与文化区系[J].考古学报,1998(2):133-152.
92同55.
93同74.
94同87.
95刘观民,徐光冀.内蒙古东部地区青铜时代的两种文化[J].内蒙古文物考古,1981创刊号:5-14.
96同91.
97同73.
98朱贵.辽宁朝阳十二台营子青铜短剑墓[J].考古学报,1960(1):63-72.
99王成生.概述近年辽宁新见青铜短剑[J].辽海文物学刊,1991(1):74-81转139.
100锦州市博物馆.辽宁锦西县乌金塘东周墓调查记[J].考古,1960(5):7-9.
101辽宁省博物馆,朝阳地区博物馆.辽宁喀左南洞沟石椁墓[J].考古,1977(6):373-375.
102同86.
103辽宁省博物馆.辽宁凌源县三官甸青铜短剑墓[J].考古,1985(2):125-130.
104同74.
105郭治中.水泉墓地及相关问题之探索[C]//张忠培,许倬云.中国考古学跨世纪的回顾与前瞻——1999年西陵国际学术研讨会文集.北京:科学出版社,2000:297-309.
106同74.
107 a.王刚.林西县井沟子夏家店上层文化墓葬[J].内蒙古文物考古,1998(1):1-4. b.吉林大学边疆考古研究中心,内蒙古文物考古研究所. 2002年内蒙古林西县井沟子遗址西区墓葬发掘纪要[J].考古与文物,2004(1):6-19.
108 a.同107b. b.王立新.探寻东胡遗存的一个新线索[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第3辑).北京:科学出版社,2004:84-95.
109邵象清.人体测量手册[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1985.
110李法军.河北阳原姜家梁新石器时代人骨研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
111同109.
112吴汝康,吴新智,张振标.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
113同112.
114同109.
115朱泓.体质人类学[M].北京:高等教育出报社,2004.
116薛薇. SPSS统计分析方法及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
117林少宫,等.多元统计分析及计算机程序[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1987.
118同116.
119蔡大伟.分子考古学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
120同119.
121 Handt O, Krings M, Ward R H, et al. The retrival of ancient human DNA sequence[sJ]. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 1996, 59:368-376.
122 Higuchi R, Bowman B, Freiberger M, et al. DNA sequences from the quagga, an extinct member of the horse family[J]. Nature, 1984, 312(15):282-284.
123 Anderson S, Bankier A T, Barrell B G, et al. Sequence and organization of the humanmitochondrial genome[J]. Nature, 1981, 290:457-465.
124 Pakendorf B, Stoneking M. Mitochondrial DNA and human evolutio[nJ]. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet, 2005, 6:165-183.
125 a. Yu N, Zheng C L, Zhang Y P, et al. Molecular systematics of Pikas (Genus Ochotona) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences[J]. Mol Phyl Evol, 2000, 16(1):85-95. b. Nagata J, Msuda R, Yoshida M C. Nucleotide sequences of the Cytchrome b and the 12S rRNA genes in the Japaneses Sika Deer Cerous nippon[J]. J Mamm Soc Japan, 1995, 20(1):1-8.
126王贵海,陆传宗.汉墓女尸肝脏核酸的分离与鉴定[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,1981(39):70-73.
127同122.
128 Mullis K B, Faloona F A. Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase catalyzed chain reaction[J]. Science, 1985, 230:1350-1354.
129 a. Oota H, Saitou N, Matsushita T, Ueda S. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Remains of a 2,000-Year-Old Human Population in China—and Its Relevance for the Origin of the Modern Japanese Population[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1999, 64:250-258. b. Wang L, Oota H, Saitou N, et al. Genetic Structure of a 2,500-Year-Old Human Population in China and Its Spatiotemporal Changes[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2000, 17(9):1396-1400.
130 a.黄颖,李辉,文波,等.遗传基因技术与三峡考古实践[J].东南文化,2002(3):55-63. b.黄颖.古DNA技术:民族考古学研究的新视角[J].中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2003,30(2):76-81.
131朱泓,周慧,林雪川.老山汉墓女性墓主人种族类型、DNA分析和颅象复原[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2004(2):21-27.
132 Xie C Z, Li C X, Cui Y Q, et al. Evidence of ancient DNA reveals the first European lineage in Iron Age Central China[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society. B: Biological Sciences, 2007, 274: 1597-1601.
133 a.万诚,崔银秋,段然慧,周慧,朱泓,李惟.夏家店等古人骨DNA的提取、扩增及序列分析[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报,2001,17(5):636-641. b.周慧,万成,朱泓.古人骨DNA的提取、扩增、测序与研究[J].北方文物,2001(3):8-11.
134吉林大学考古DNA实验室.河北阳原县姜家梁遗址新石器时代人骨DNA的研究[J].考古,2001(7):74-81.
135赵欣,等.从分子生物学角度看河北蔚县三关墓地古代居民的遗传结构[J].文物春秋,2009(1):3-8转33.
136 Gao S Z, Yang Y D, Xu Y, et al. Tracing the Genetic History of the Chinese People: Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a Neolithic Population from the Lajia Sit[eJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007, 133:1128-1136.
137付玉芹,赵晗,许雪莲,等.内蒙古和林格尔东周时期古代人群的分子遗传学分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2006,44(5):824-828.
138常娥,张全超,朱泓,周慧.内蒙古包头市西园春秋时期墓地人骨线粒体DNA研究[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第6辑).北京:科学出版社,2007:364-370.
139常娥,赵欣,朱泓,周慧.内蒙古凉城县崞县窑子墓地古人骨线粒体DNA研究[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第5辑).北京:科学出版社,2006:356-363.
140王海晶,常娥,葛斌文,等.饮牛沟墓地古人骨线粒体DNA研究[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2005,43(6):847-852.
141王海晶,常娥,蔡大伟,等.内蒙古朱开沟遗址古人骨分子遗传学研究[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2007,33(1):5-8.
142 Wang H J, Liu W Q, Fu Y Q, et al. Molecular biological analysis of remains from Jiangjungou Cemetery in Inner Mongolia[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2006,16(7):727-731.
143于长春,谢力,张小雷,周慧,朱泓.拓跋鲜卑和匈奴之间亲缘关系的遗传学分析[J].遗传,2007,29(10):1223-1229.
144 Yu C C, Xie L, Zhang X L, et al. Genetic analysis on Tuoba Xianbei remains excavated from Qilang mountain cemetery in Qahar Right Wing Middle Banner of Inner Mongo[liaJ]. FEBS Letters, 2006, 580(26):6242-6246.
145 Wang H J, Ge B W, Victor H Mair, et al. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Remains from Lamadong Cemetery, Liaoning, China[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007, 134:404-411.
146 Fu Y Q, Zhao H, Cui Y Q, et al. Molecular genetic analysis of Wanggu Remains, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007, 132:285-291.
147 Fu Y Q, Xu X L, Zhang X L, et al. Phylogenetic Analysis of MtDNA from the Ancient Human of the Yuan Dynasty in Inner Mongolia in Chi[naJ]. CHEM RES CHINESE U, 2006, 22(2):177-180.
148付玉芹,许雪莲,王海晶,等.内蒙古砧子山墓地古人的线粒体DNA多态性分析[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2006,38(2):122-125.
149 a.许月,张小雷,张全超,等.古代契丹与现代达斡尔遗传关系分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2006,44(6):997-1000. b. Xu Y, Zhang X L, Cui Y Q, et al. Genetic Structure Analysis of Human Remains from Khitan Noble Necropolis[J]. CHEM RES CHINESE U, 2006, 22(2):123-128. c.许月,张小雷,张全超,等.吐尔基山辽代贵族墓葬人骨遗骇线粒体DNA多态性研究[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2006,32(2):248-250.
150崔银秋,许月,杨亦代,等.新疆罗布诺尔地区铜器时代古代居民mtDNA多态性分析[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2004,30(4):650-653.
151崔银秋,张全超,段然慧,等.吐鲁番盆地青铜至铁器时代居民遗传结构研究[J].考古,2005(7):563-568.
152高诗珠,崔银秋,杨亦代,等.新疆克里雅河下游圆沙古城古代居民线粒体DNA多态性研究[J],中国科学C辑:生命科学,2008,38(2):136-146.
153崔银秋,段然慧,朱泓,等.交河故城古车师人线粒体DNA分析[J],高等学校化学学报,2002,23(8):1510-1514.
154 Xie C Z, Li C X, Cui Y Q, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Sampula population in Xinjiang[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2007, 17(8): 927-933.
155谢承志,刘树柏,崔银秋,等.新疆察吾呼沟古代居民线粒体DNA序列多态性分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2005,43(4):538-540.
156谢承志,李春香,崔银秋,等.尼雅遗址古代居民线粒体DNA研究.西域研究,2007(2):51-55.
157 Cai D W, Han L, Zhang X L, et al. DNA analysis of archaeological sheep remains from China[J]. Journal of archaeological science, 2007(34):1347-1355.
158 Cai D W, Han L, Xie C Z, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Bronze Age horses recovered from Chifeng region, Inner Mongoli[aJ]. Progress in Natural Science, 2007, 17(5):545-550.
159 Kazuo U, Masashi T, Isao Y, et al. Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis for rapid detection of human mitochondrial DNA variation[sJ]. Electrophoresis, 2001, 22:3533-3538.
160陈明洁,方倜,柯涛,等.多重PCR——一种高效快速的分子生物学技术[J].武汉理工大学学报,2005(10):33-36.
161 Krause J, Dear P H, Pollack J L, et al. Multiplex amplification of the mammoth mitochondrial genome and the evolution of Elephantida[eJ]. Nature, 2005, 439:724-727.
162 Yang D Y, ENG B, WAYE J. Technical Note: impoved DNA extraction from Ancient Bones using silica-based spin columns[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1998, 105:539-543.
163蔡大伟,等. 4种古DNA抽提方法效果比较[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2007,33(1):13-16.
164 Umetsu, et al. Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis of 36mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms for haplogrouping of East Asian populations[J]. Electrophoresis, 2005, 26:91-98.
165 Shinoda, et al. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Ancient Peruvian Highlande[rsJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006, 131(1):98-107.
166 Umetsu K, Tanaka M, Yuasa I, Saitou N, et al. Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis for rapid detection of human mitochondrial DNA variation[s.J]. Electrophoresis, 2001, 22:3533-3538.
167 Simmons M P. Independence of alignment and tree search[J]. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2004, 31:874-879.
168 a. Comas D, Calafell F, Mateu E, et al. Trading genes along the Silk Road: mtDNA sequences and the origin of central Asian populations[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1998, 63:1824-1838. b. Pakendorf B, Wiebe V, Tarskaia L A, et al. Mitochondrial DNA evidence for admixed origins of central Siberian populations[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003, 120:211-224.
169 Takahashi K, Nei M. Efficiencies of fast algorithms of phylogenetic inference under the criteria of maximum parsimony, minimum evolution, and maximum likelihood when a large number of sequences are used[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2000, 17:1251-1258.
170 a. Rogers A R, Harpending H. Population growth curves in the distribution of pairwise genetic diVerences[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 1992, 9:552-559. b. Fu Y X. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection[J]. Genetics, 1997, 147:915-925.
171同119.
172 Excoffier LLGSS. Arlequin ver.3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis[J]. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 2005, Online 1:47-50.
173常青,周开亚.分子进化研究中系统发生树的重建[J].生物多样性,1998,6(1):55-62.
174 Saitou N, Nei M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 1987, 14:406-425.
175米红,张文璋.实用现代统计学分析方法与SPSS应用[M].北京:当代中国出版社,2000:204-278.
176 a. Bandelt H J, Forster P, Rohl A. Median joining networks for inferring intraspeciWc phylogenies[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 1999, 16:37-48. b. Bandelt H J, Forster P, Sykes B C, et al. Mitochondrial portraits of human populations using median networks[J]. Genetics, 1995, 141:743-753.
177 Cooper A, Poinar H N. Ancient DNA: do it right or no[tJ]? Science, 2000, 289(5482):1139.
178 Poinar H N. Criteria for authenticity in ancient DNA wor[kJ]. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2004:115-116.
179 a. Torroni A, Sukernik R I, Schurr T G, et al. MtDNA variation of aboriginal Siberians reveals distinct genetic affinities with Native American[sJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 1993, 53:591-608. b. Schurr T G, Sukernik R I, Starikovskaya Y B, et al. Mitochondrial DNA variation in Koryaks and Itel'men: population replacement in the Okhotsk Sea-Bering Sea region during the Neolithic[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1999, 108:1-39. c. Kivisild T, Tolk H-V, Parik J, et al. The emerging limbs and twigs of the East Asian mtDNA tree[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2002, 19(10):1737-1751. d. Derenko M V, Grzybowski T, Malyarchuk B A, et al. Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA Lineages in South Siberia[J]. Ann Hum Genet, 2003, 67:391-411. e. Starikovskaya Y B, Sukernik R I, Schurr T G, et al. MtDNA diversity in Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos: implications for the genetic history of Ancient Beringia and the peopling of the New World[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1998, 63:1473-1491. f. Fedorova S A, Bermisheva M A, Villems R, et al. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA lineages in Yakuts[J]. Mol Biol (Mosk), 2003, 37:643-653. g. Puzyrev V P, Stepanov V A, Golubenko M V, et al. MtDNA and Y-Chromosome Lineages in the Yakut Population[J]. Genetika, 2003, 39:975-981. h. Yao Y G, Kong Q P, Bandelt H J, et al. Phylogeographic differentiation of mitochondrialDNA in Han Chinese[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2002, 70:635-651.
i. Yao Y, Nie L, Harpending H, et al. Genetic relationship of Chinese ethnic populations revealed by mtDNA sequence diversity[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2002, 118:63-76.
j. Bamshad M, Kivisild T, Watkins W S, et al. Genetic evidence on the origins of Indian caste populations[J]. Genome Research, 2001, 11:994-1004.
k. Kivisild T, Bamshad M J, Kaldma K, et al. Deep common ancestry of Indian and western-Eurasian mitochondrial DNA lineages[J]. Curr Biol, 1999, 9:1331-1334.
l. Saillard J, Forster P, Lynnerup N. MtDNA variation among Greenland Eskimos: the edge of the Beringian expansion[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2000, 67:718-726.
m. Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, et al. The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003, 72:313-332.
n. Oota H, Settheetham-Ishida W, Tiwawech D, et al. Human mtDNA and Y-chromosome variation is correlated with matrilocal versus patrilocal residence[J]. Nat Genet, 2001, 29:20-21.
o. Redd A J, Takezaki N, Sherry S T, et al. Evolutionary history of the COII/tRNALys intergenic 9 base pair deletion in human mitochondrial DNAs from the Pacifi[cJ]. Mol Biol Evol, 1995, 12:12.
p. Kong Q P, Yao Y G, Liu M, et al. Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic population from northern China[J]. Human Genetics, 2003, 113(5):391-405.
q. Kong Q P, Yao Y G, Sun C, et al. Phylogeny of East Asian Mitochondrial DNA Lineages Inferred from Complete Sequences[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003, 73:671-676.
r. Yao Y G, et al. Gene admixture in the Silk Road region of China: Evidence from mtDNA and melanocortin 1 receptor polymorphism[J]. Genes Genet Syst, 2000, 75:173-178.
s. Yao Y G, et al. Different matrilineal contributions to genetic structure of ethnic groups in the silk road region in china[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2004, 21(12):2265-2280.
t. Tanaka M, Cabrera V M, Gonzalez A M, et al. Mitochondrial genome variation in Eastern Asia and the peopling of Japan[J]. Genome Research, 2004, 14(10A):1832-1850.
u. Yao Y G, Zhang Y P, et al. Phylogeographic analysis of mtDNA variation in four ethnic populations fromYunnan Province: new data and a reappraisa[lJ]. J Hum Genet, 2002, 47:311-318.
v. Yao Y G, Kong Q P, et al. Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of China: A Caveat About Inferences Drawn from Ancient DNA[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2003, 20(2):214-219.
w. Li H Y, Y J-E, et al. East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: Haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control region sequence analysis[J]. Electrophoresis, 2006, 27:4408-4418.
x. Li H Y, Y J-E, et al. Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences in Koreans: identification of useful variable sites and phylogenetic analysis for mtDNA data quality control[J]. Int J Legal Med, 2006, 120:5-14.
y. Maruyama S, Minaguchi K, Saitou N. Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA lineages in the Japanese populatio[nJ]. Int J Legal Med, 2003, 117:218-225.
z. Nishimaki Y, Sato K, Fang L, et al. Sequence polymorphism in the mtDNA HV1 region in Japanese and Chinese[J]. Legal Med, 1999, 1:238-249.
aa. Betty D J, Chin-Atkins AN, et al. Multiple independent origins of the COII/tRNALys intergenic 9-bp mtDNA deletion in aboriginal Australians[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1996, 58:428-433.
ab. Horai S, Murayama K, et al. mtDNA polymorphism in east Asian populations, with special reference to the peopling of Japan[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1996, 59:579-590.
ac. Tsai L C, Lin C Y, Lee J C, et al. Sequence polymorphism of mitochondrial D-loop DNA in the Taiwanese Han population[J]. Forensic Sci Int, 2001, 119:239-247.
ad. Christine K T, Eric C, Bertrand L, et al. Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a 2,000-Year-Old Necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongol[iaJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003,73:247-260.
180转引自http://www.mitomap.org/WorldMigration.pd.f
181 Cavalli-Sforza L L, Feldman M W. The application of molecular genetic approaches to the study of human evolution[J]. Nat Genet, 2003, 33:266-275.
182 a. Comas D, Plaza S, Wells R S, et al. Admixture,migrations, and dispersals in Central Asia: evidence from maternal DNA lineages[J]. Eur J Hum Genet, 2004, 12:495-504. b. Quintana-Murci L, Chaix R, Wells S, et al. Where West meets East: The complex mtDNA landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian corrido[rJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 2004, 74:827-845. c. Derbeneva O A, Starikovskaia E B, Volod'ko N V, et al. Mitochondrial DNA variation in Kets and Nganasans and the early peoples of Northern Eurasia[J]. Genetika, 2002, 38:1554-1560.
183 Torroni A, Miller J A, Moore L G, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis in Tibet: implications for the origin of the Tibetanpopulation and its adaptation to high altitud[eJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1994, 93:189-199.
184 Giles R E, Blanc H, Cann H M, et al. Maternal inheritance of human mitochondrial DN[AJ]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1980, 77:6715-6719.
185同182a.
186同179b.
187 Theodore G Schurr, Douglas C Wallace. Mitochondrial DNA diversity in Southeast Asian populations[J]. Human Biology, 2002, 74(3):431-452.
188同179h.
189 a.同168a. b. Kolman C, Sambuughin N, Bermingham E. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Mongolian populations and implications for the origin of New World founder[sJ]. Genetics, 1996,
142:1321-1334.
190 a.同179u. b.同179c. c.同179d.
191 Martin Richards, et al. Paleolithic and neolithic lineages in the European mitochondrial gene pool[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1996, 59:185-203.
192同179p.
193 a. Imaizumi K, et al. A new database of mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II sequences from 162 Japanese individuals[J]. Int J Legal Med, 2002, 116:68-73. b. Oota H, Kitano T, Jin F, et al. Extreme mtDNA homogeneity in continental Asian populations[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2002, 118:146-153.
194同168a.
195 Lee S D, et al. Sequence variation of mitochondrial DNA control region in Korean[sJ]. Forensic Sci Int, 1997, 87:99-116.
196同179s.
197 Alan J Redd, et al. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Mongolian Populations and Implications for the Origin of New World Founders[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1999, 65:808-828.
198 Wen B, et al. Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han cultur[eJ]. Nature, 2004, 431(16):302-305.
199同179h.
200 Comas D, et al. Geographic variation in human mitochondrial DNA control region sequence the population history of Turkey and its relationship to the European population[sJ]. Mol Biol Ed, 1996, 13(8):1067-1077.
201 Pakendorf B, et al. Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts[J]. Hum Genet, 2006, 120:334-353.
1辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁红山文化“女神庙”与积石冢群发掘简报[J].文物,1986(8):1-17.
2辽宁省文物考古研究所.牛河梁红山文化第二地点一号冢石棺墓的发掘[J].文物,2008(10):15-33.
3同1.
4潘其风,等.牛河梁红山文化积石冢石棺墓出土人骨研究[J].(待刊).
5潘其风,韩康信.柳湾墓地的人骨研究[M]//青海省文物管理处考古队,中国社会科学院考古研究所.青海柳湾——乐都柳湾原始社会墓地.北京:文物出版社,1984:261-303.
6 a.韩康信.沈阳郑家洼子的两具青铜时代人骨[J].考古学报,1975(1):157-164. b.其中面宽一项引自中国科学院考古研究所体质人类学组.赤峰、宁城夏家店上层文化人骨研究[J].考古学报,1975(2):157-169.
7同5.
8同5.
9韩康信,潘其风.安阳殷墟中小墓人骨的研究[M]//中国社会科学院历史研究所,中国社会科学院考古研究所.安阳殷墟头骨研究.考古学专刊(甲种第十九号).北京:文物出版社,1985:50-81.
10同9.
11同9.
12同9.
13同9.
14同9.
15朱泓.中国东北地区的古代种族[J].文物季刊,1998(1):54-64.
16 Kivisild T, Tolk H-V, Parik J, et al. The emerging limbs and twigs of the East Asian mtDNA tree[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2002, 19(10):1737-1751.
17 Kong Q P, Yao Y G, Liu M, et al. Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic population from northern China[J]. Human Genetics, 2003, 113(5):391-405.
18 Tanaka M, Cabrera V M, Gonzalez A M, et al. Mitochondrial genome variation in Eastern Asia and the peopling of Japan[J]. Genome Research, 2004, 14(10A):1832-1850.
19同1.
20 a.同1. b.同2. c.辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁第二地点一号冢21号墓发掘简报[J].文物,1997(8):9-14. d.辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁第二地点四号冢筒形器墓的发掘[J].文物,1997(8):15-19.
21赵宾福.东北石器时代考古[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2003.
22魏凡.牛河梁红山文化第三地点积石冢石棺墓[J].辽海文物学刊,1994(1):9-13转101.
23 a.辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁凌源市牛河梁遗址第五地点1998~1999年度的发掘[J].考古,2001(8):15-30. b.辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁第五地点一号冢中心大墓(M1)发掘简报[J].文物,1997(8):4-8.
24辽宁省文物考古研究所.牛河梁第十六地点红山文化积石冢中心大墓发掘简报[J].文物,2008(10):4-14.
25辽宁省文物考古研究所.牛河梁红山文化遗址与玉器精粹[M].北京:文物出版社,1997.
1张亚强.哈啦海沟墓地发掘及探索[D].长春:吉林大学文学院硕士学位论文,2008.
2朱泓.中国东北地区的古代种族[J].文物季刊,1998(1):54-64.
3潘其风,韩康信.柳湾墓地的人骨研究[M]//青海省文物管理处考古队,中国社会科学院考古研究所.青海柳湾——乐都柳湾原始社会墓地.北京:文物出版社,1984:261-303.
1辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁北票喇嘛洞青铜时代墓葬[J].文物,2004(5):26-30转77.
2朱泓.内蒙古长城地带的古代种族[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第1辑).北京:科学出版社,2002:301-313.
3赵欣,等.从分子生物学角度看河北蔚县三关墓地古代居民的遗传结构[J].文物春秋,2009(1):3-8转33.
4 Oota H, Saitou N, Matsushita T, Ueda S. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Remains of a 2,000-Year-Old Human Population in China—and Its Relevance for the Origin of the Modern Japanese Population[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1999, 64:250-258.
5 Christine K T, Eric C, Bertrand L, et al. Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a 2,000-Year-Old Necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongol[iaJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003, 73:247-260.
6同1.
1三宅宗悦,等.赤峰红山后石椁墓人骨的人类学的研究[M]//滨田耕作、水野清一.赤峰红山后(附录一).东京:1938:89-110.
2辽宁省文物考古研究所,赤峰市博物馆.大南沟——后红山文化墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
3潘其风.大南沟新石器时代墓葬出土人骨的观察鉴定与研究[M]//辽宁省文物考古研究所,赤峰市博物馆.大南沟——后红山文化墓地发掘报告(附录二).北京:科学出版社,1998:145-150.
4朱泓.中国东北地区的古代种族[J].文物季刊,1998(1):54-64.
5中国社会科学院考古研究所.大甸子——夏家店下层文化遗址与墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
6潘其风.大甸子墓葬出土人骨的研究[M]//中国社会科学院考古研究所.大甸子——夏家店下层文化遗址与墓地发掘报告(附录一).北京:科学出版社,1996:224-322.
7滨田耕作,水野清一.赤峰红山后[M].东京:东亚考古学会.东方考古学丛刊(甲种第六册),1938.
8同1.
9 a.中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古发掘队.内蒙古赤峰药王庙、夏家店遗址试掘简报[J].考古,1961(2):77-81. b.中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古发掘队.赤峰药王庙、夏家店遗址试掘报告[J].考古学报,1974(1):111-144.
10中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.宁城南山根遗址发掘报告[J].考古学报,1975(1):117-140.
11中国科学院考古研究所体质人类学组.赤峰、宁城夏家店上层文化人骨研究[J].考古学报,1975(2):157-169.
12朱泓.夏家店上层文化居民的种族类型及相关问题[J].辽海文物学刊,1989(1):111-122.
13塔拉,齐晓光.宁城县小黑石沟夏家店上层文化遗址[M]//中国考古学会.中国考古学年鉴1986.北京:文物出版社,1988:102.
14张忠培.关于内蒙古东部地区考古的几个问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古东部区考古学文化研究文集.北京:海洋出版社,1991:3-9.
15朱泓.小黑石沟夏家店上层文化居民的人类学特征[C]//吉林大学考古学系.青果集(二).北京:知识出版社,1998:228-236.
16同4.
17齐晓光.内蒙古克什克腾旗龙头山遗址发掘的主要收获[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古东部区考古学文化研究文集.北京:海洋出版社,1991:58-72.
18陈山.克什克腾旗龙头山青铜时代颅骨的人类学研究[J].人类学学报, 2000,19(1):21-31.
19同4.
20郭治中.水泉墓地及相关问题之探索[C]//张忠培,许倬云.中国考古学跨世纪的回顾与前瞻——1999年西陵国际学术研讨会文集.北京:科学出版社,2000:297-309.
21朱永刚.大、小凌河流域含曲刃短剑遗存的考古学文化及相关问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:362-374.
22朱泓,魏东.内蒙古敖汉旗水泉遗址出土的青铜时代人骨(日文)[C]//东北亚细亚先史文化的比较考古学研究.日本:2002:69-93.
23吉林大学边疆考古研究中心,内蒙古文物考古研究所. 2002年内蒙古林西县井沟子遗址西区墓葬发掘纪要[J].考古与文物,2004(1):6-19.
24塔拉,王立新,汤卓炜,张淑芹.井沟子遗址所反映的经济形态与环境背景[J].内蒙古文物考古,2004(1):85-88.
25王立新.探寻东胡遗存的一个新线索[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第3辑).北京:科学出版社,2004:84-95.
26朱泓,张全超.内蒙古林西县井沟子遗址西区墓地人骨研究[J].人类学学报,2007,
26(2):97-106.
27辽宁省文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古学系.辽宁彰武平安堡遗址发掘简报[J].辽海文物学刊,1989(2):99-109.
28朱泓,王成生.彰武平安堡青铜时代居民的种族类型[J].考古,1994(2):159-169.
29辛占山.康平顺山屯青铜时代遗址试掘报告[J].辽海文物学刊,1988(1):27-40.
30刘宁.顺山屯青铜时代居民的人种学研究[J].辽海文物学刊,1994(1):131-139.
31李恭笃.辽宁东部地区青铜文化初探[J].考古,1985(6):550-556转558.
32魏海波,张振标.辽宁本溪青铜时代人骨[J].人类学学报,1989,8(4):320-328.
33朱泓.本溪庙后山青铜时代居民的种系归属[C]//苏秉琦.考古学文化论集(第四辑).北京:文物出版社,1997:211-218.
34杨志军,郝思德,李陈奇.平洋墓葬[M].北京:文物出版社,1990.
35潘其风.平洋墓葬人骨的研究[M]//杨志军,郝思德,李陈奇.平洋墓葬(附录一).北京:文物出版社,1990:187-235.
36河北省文物研究所.河北阳原县姜家梁新石器时代遗址的发掘[J].考古,2001(2):13-27.
37段宏振.河北考古的世纪回顾与思考[J].考古,2001(2):1-12.
38李法军.河北阳原姜家梁新石器时代人骨研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
39张家口考古队.蔚县考古记略[J].考古与文物,1982,12(4):10-14.
40张家口考古队.蔚县夏商时期考古的主要收获[J].考古与文物,1984,21(1):40-48.
41张家口考古队.蔚县夏家店下层文化颅骨的人种学研究[J].北方文物,1987(1):2-11转20.
42魏坚.庙子沟与大坝沟有关问题试析[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古中南部原始文化研究文集.北京:海洋出版社,1991:113-118.
43魏坚.庙子沟与大坝沟——新石器时代遗址发掘报告(上)[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2003.
44朱泓.内蒙古察右前旗庙子沟新石器时代颅骨的人类学特征[J].人类学学报,1994,
13(2):126-133.
45曹建恩.内蒙古中南部商周考古研究的新进展[J].内蒙古文物考古,2006(2):16-26.
46张全超.内蒙古和林格尔县新店子墓地人骨研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2005.
47同4.
48朱泓.内蒙古长城地带的古代种族[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第1辑).北京:科学出版社,2002:301-313.
49朱泓.中原地区的古代种族[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.庆祝张忠培先生七十岁论文集.北京:科学出版社,2004:549-557.
50朱泓.中国西北地区的古代种族[J].考古与文物,2006(5):60-65.
51朱泓.中国南方地区的古代种族[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2002,171(3):5-12.
52同46.
53同4.
54同4.
55 a.同48. b.同4.
56同46.
57王立新.辽西区夏至战国时期文化格局与经济形态的演进[J].考古学报,2004(3):243-270.
58同22.
59同46.
60同46.
1常娥.内蒙古长城地带先秦时期人类遗骸的DNA研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2008.
2葛斌文.井沟子古代人群的遗传分析[D].长春:吉林大学生命科学学院硕士学位论文,2008.
3同1.
4郭治中.水泉墓地及相关问题之探索[C]//张忠培,许倬云.中国考古学跨世纪的回顾与前瞻——1999年西陵国际学术研讨会文集.北京:科学出版社,2000:297-309.
5朱永刚.大、小凌河流域含曲刃短剑遗存的考古学文化及相关问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:362-374.
6同1.
7同2.
8 Pakendorf B, Wiebe V, Tarskaia L A, et al. Mitochondrial DNA evidence for admixed origins of central Siberian populations[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003, 120:211-224.
9中国社会科学院考古研究所.大甸子——夏家店下层文化遗址与墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
10阿瑟·罗恩,埃思尼·巴恩斯蓍,杨建华译.赤峰大山前遗址埋葬行为的重建[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第2辑).北京:科学出版社,2004:337-352.
11同10.
12中国社会科学院考古研究所,内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所,吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.内蒙古喀喇沁旗大山前遗址1998年的发掘[J].考古,2004(3):31-39.
13同10.
14同12.
15同10.
16同10.
17河北省文物研究所.河北阳原县姜家梁新石器时代遗址的发掘[J].考古,2001(2):13-27.
18段宏振.河北考古的世纪回顾与思考[J].考古,2001(2):1-12.
19吉林大学考古DNA实验室.河北阳原县姜家梁遗址新石器时代人骨DNA的研究[J].考古,2001(7):74-81.
20张家口考古队.蔚县夏商时期考古的主要收获[J].考古与文物,1984,21(1):40-48.
21郑丽慧,朱泓,陈靓.内蒙古七郎山魏晋时期鲜卑墓葬人骨研究[J].内蒙古文物考古,2003(1):87-91.
22赵欣,等.从分子生物学角度看河北蔚县三关墓地古代居民的遗传结构[J].文物春秋,2009(1):3-8转33.
23同1.
24内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古朱开沟遗址[J].考古学报,1988(3):301-332.
25王海晶,常娥,蔡大伟,等.内蒙古朱开沟遗址古人骨分子遗传学研究[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2007,33(1):5-8.
26内蒙古文物考古研究所.凉城崞县窑子墓地[J].考古学报,1989(1):57-81.
27杨建华.春秋战国时期中国北方文化带的形成[M].北京:文物出版社, 2004:101-102.
28常娥,赵欣,朱泓,周慧.内蒙古凉城县崞县窑子墓地古人骨线粒体DNA研究[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第5辑).北京:科学出版社,2006:356-363.
29曹建恩.内蒙古中南部商周考古研究的新进展[J].内蒙古文物考古,2006(2):16-26.
30付玉芹,赵晗,许雪莲,等.内蒙古和林格尔东周时期古代人群的分子遗传学分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2006,44(5):824-828.
31张全超.内蒙古和林格尔县新店子墓地人骨研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2005.
32朱永刚.东北青铜文化的发展阶段与文化区系[J].考古学报,1998(2):133-152.
33朱泓.内蒙古长城地带的古代种族[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第1辑).北京:科学出版社,2002:301-313.
34朱泓.中国东北地区的古代种族[J].文物季刊,1998(1):54-64.
35韩茂莉,刘宵泉,方晨,张一,李青淼,赵玉蕙.全新世中期西辽河流域聚落选址与环境解读[J].地理学报,2007,62(12):1287-1298.
36 a.夏正楷,邓辉,武弘麟.内蒙西拉木伦河流域考古文化演变的地貌背景分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(3):329-336. b.张小咏. 5000aB.P.以来辽西地区环境演变与人地关系研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文,2003.
37宋豫秦.西辽河流域全新世沙质荒漠化过程的人地关系[D].北京:北京大学博士后研究工作报告,1995.转引自王立新.辽西区夏至战国时期文化格局与经济形态的演进[J].考古学报,2004(3):243-270.
38陈国庆.辽西地区新石器时代考古文化的形成与发展——兼论与周邻地区考古文化的互动关系[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2006.
39同17.
40谢端琚.试论我国早期土洞墓[J].考古,1987(12):1097-1104.
41林沄.中国东北系铜剑初论[C]//林沄.林沄学术文集.北京:中国大百科全书出版社, 1998:311-334.
42同5.
43王立新.辽西区夏至战国时期文化格局与经济形态的演进[J].考古学报,2004(3):243-270.
44同31.
45同31.
1扬怀仁.第四纪地质[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987.
[1]阿瑟·罗恩,埃思尼·巴恩斯蓍,杨建华译.赤峰大山前遗址埋葬行为的重建[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第2辑).北京:科学出版社,2004:337-352.
[2]卜工.燕山地区夏商时期的陶鬲谱系[J].北方文物,1989(2):30-38.
[3]蔡大伟,等. 4种古DNA抽提方法效果比较[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2007,33(1):13-16.
[4]曹建恩.内蒙古中南部商周考古研究的新进展[J].内蒙古文物考古,2006(2):16-26.
[5]常娥,张全超,朱泓,周慧.内蒙古包头市西园春秋时期墓地人骨线粒体DNA研究[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第6辑).北京:科学出版社,2007:364-370.
[6]常娥,赵欣,朱泓,周慧.内蒙古凉城县崞县窑子墓地古人骨线粒体DNA研究[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第5辑).北京:科学出版社,2006:356-363.
[7]常青,周开亚.分子进化研究中系统发生树的重建[J].生物多样性,1998,6(1):55-62.
[8]陈明洁,方倜,柯涛,等.多重PCR——一种高效快速的分子生物学技术[J].武汉理工大学学报,2005(10):33-36.
[9]陈山.克什克腾旗龙头山青铜时代颅骨的人类学研究[J].人类学学报, 2000,19(1):21-31.
[10]崔银秋,段然慧,朱泓,等.交河故城古车师人线粒体DNA分析[J],高等学校化学学报,2002,23(8):1510-1514.
[11]崔银秋,许月,杨亦代,等.新疆罗布诺尔地区铜器时代古代居民mtDNA多态性分析[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2004,30(4):650-653.
[12]崔银秋,张全超,段然慧,等.吐鲁番盆地青铜至铁器时代居民遗传结构研究[J].考古,2005(7):563-568.
[13]段宏振.河北考古的世纪回顾与思考[J].考古,2001(2):1-12.
[14]付玉芹,许雪莲,王海晶,等.内蒙古砧子山墓地古人的线粒体DNA多态性分析[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2006,38(2):122-125.
[15]付玉芹,赵晗,许雪莲,等.内蒙古和林格尔东周时期古代人群的分子遗传学分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2006,44(5):824-828.
[16]高诗珠,崔银秋,杨亦代,等.新疆克里雅河下游圆沙古城古代居民线粒体DNA多态性研究[J],中国科学C辑:生命科学,2008,38(2):136-146.
[17]郭大顺.试论魏营子类型[C]//苏秉琦.考古学文化论集(第一辑).北京:文物出版社,1987:79-98.
[18]郭治中.水泉墓地及相关问题之探索[C]//张忠培,许倬云.中国考古学跨世纪的回顾与前瞻——1999年西陵国际学术研讨会文集.北京:科学出版社,2000:297-309.
[19]韩嘉谷.京津地区商周时期古文化发展的一点线索[C]//中国考古学会.中国考古学会第三次年会论文集(1981年).北京:文物出版社,1984:220-229.
[20]韩嘉谷.燕史源流的考古学考察[C]//陈光.燕文化研究论文集.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1995:61-81.
[21]韩康信,潘其风.安阳殷墟中小墓人骨的研究[M]//中国社会科学院历史研究所,中国社会科学院考古研究所.安阳殷墟头骨研究.考古学专刊(甲种第十九号).北京:文物出版社,1985:50-81.
[22]韩康信.沈阳郑家洼子的两具青铜时代人骨[J].考古学报,1975(1):157-164.
[23]韩茂莉,刘宵泉,方晨,张一,李青淼,赵玉蕙.全新世中期西辽河流域聚落选址与环境解读[J].地理学报,2007,62(12):1287-1298.
[24]黄颖,李辉,文波,等.遗传基因技术与三峡考古实践[J].东南文化,2002(3):55-63.
[25]黄颖.古DNA技术:民族考古学研究的新视角[J].中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2003,30(2):76-81.
[26]吉林大学考古DNA实验室.河北阳原县姜家梁遗址新石器时代人骨DNA的研究[J].考古,2001(7):74-81.
[27]纪烈敏.燕山南麓青铜文化的类型谱系及其演变[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第1辑).北京:科学出版社,2002:103-122.
[28]李恭笃.辽宁东部地区青铜文化初探[J].考古,1985(6):550-556转558.
[29]李经汉.试论夏家店下层文化的分期和类型[C]//中国考古学会.中国考古学会第一次年会论文集.北京:文物出版社,1979:163-170.
[30]林沄.中国东北系铜剑初论[C]//林沄.林沄学术文集.北京:中国大百科全书出版社, 1998:311-334.
[31]刘观民,徐光冀.内蒙古东部地区青铜时代的两种文化[J].内蒙古文物考古,1981创刊号:5-14.
[32]刘国祥,贾笑冰,赵明辉,邵国田.赤峰兴隆沟遗址发掘可望解决多项学术课题[N].中国文物报,2001-11-16(1).
[33]刘国祥.兴隆沟聚落遗址发掘收获及意义[M]//刘国祥.东北文物考古论集.北京:科学出版社,2004:58-74.
[34]刘宁.顺山屯青铜时代居民的人种学研究[J].辽海文物学刊,1994(1):131-139.
[35]潘其风,等.牛河梁红山文化积石冢石棺墓出土人骨研究[J].(待刊).
[36]潘其风,韩康信.柳湾墓地的人骨研究[M]//青海省文物管理处考古队,中国社会科学院考古研究所.青海柳湾——乐都柳湾原始社会墓地.北京:文物出版社,1984:261-303.
[37]潘其风.大甸子墓葬出土人骨的研究[M]//中国社会科学院考古研究所.大甸子——夏家店下层文化遗址与墓地发掘报告(附录一).北京:科学出版社,1996:224-322.
[38]潘其风.大南沟新石器时代墓葬出土人骨的观察鉴定与研究[M]//辽宁省文物考古研究所,赤峰市博物馆.大南沟——后红山文化墓地发掘报告(附录二).北京:科学出版社,1998:145-150.
[39]潘其风.平洋墓葬人骨的研究[M]//杨志军,郝思德,李陈奇.平洋墓葬(附录一).北京:文物出版社,1990:187-235.
[40]齐晓光.内蒙古克什克腾旗龙头山遗址发掘的主要收获[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古东部区考古学文化研究文集.北京:海洋出版社,1991:58-72.
[41]苏秉琦.辽西古文化古城古国——兼谈当前田野考古工作的重点或大课题[J].文物,1986(8):41-44.
[42]塔拉,王立新,汤卓炜,张淑芹.井沟子遗址所反映的经济形态与环境背景[J].内蒙古文物考古,2004(1):85-88.
[43]万诚,崔银秋,段然慧,周慧,朱泓,李惟.夏家店等古人骨DNA的提取、扩增及序列分析[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报,2001,17(5):636-641.
[44]王成生.概述近年辽宁新见青铜短剑[J].辽海文物学刊,1991(1):74-81转139.
[45]王贵海,陆传宗.汉墓女尸肝脏核酸的分离与鉴定[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,1981(39):70-73.
[46]王海晶,常娥,蔡大伟,等.内蒙古朱开沟遗址古人骨分子遗传学研究[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2007,33(1):5-8.
[47]王海晶,常娥,葛斌文,等.饮牛沟墓地古人骨线粒体DNA研究[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2005,43(6):847-852.
[48]王立新,齐晓光,夏保国.夏家店下层文化渊源刍论[J].北方文物,1993(2):5-16.
[49]王立新.辽西区夏至战国时期文化格局与经济形态的演进[J].考古学报,2004(3):243-270.
[50]王立新.探寻东胡遗存的一个新线索[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第3辑).北京:科学出版社,2004:84-95.
[51]魏海波,张振标.辽宁本溪青铜时代人骨[J].人类学学报,1989,8(4):320-328.
[52]魏坚.庙子沟与大坝沟有关问题试析[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古中南部原始文化研究文集.北京:海洋出版社,1991:113-118.
[53]夏鼐.我国近五年来的考古新收获[J].考古,1964(10):485-497.
[54]夏正楷,邓辉,武弘麟.内蒙西拉木伦河流域考古文化演变的地貌背景分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(3):329-336.
[55]谢承志,李春香,崔银秋,等.尼雅遗址古代居民线粒体DNA研究.西域研究,2007(2):51-55.
[56]谢承志,刘树柏,崔银秋,等.新疆察吾呼沟古代居民线粒体DNA序列多态性分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2005,43(4):538-540.
[57]谢端琚.试论我国早期土洞墓[J].考古,1987(12):1097-1104.
[58]许月,张小雷,张全超,等.古代契丹与现代达斡尔遗传关系分析[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2006,44(6):997-1000.
[59]许月,张小雷,张全超,等.吐尔基山辽代贵族墓葬人骨遗骇线粒体DNA多态性研究[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2006,32(2):248-250.
[60]杨虎.关于红山文化的几个问题[C]//庆祝苏秉琦考古五十五周年论文集编写组.庆祝苏秉琦考古五十五周年论文集.北京:文物出版社,1989:216-266.
[61]杨虎.试论兴隆洼文化及相关问题[C]//中国考古学研究编委会.中国考古学研究——夏鼐先生考古五十年纪念论文集.北京:文物出版社,1986:71-81.
[62]尹达.关于赤峰红山后的新石器时代遗址[M]//尹达.新石器时代.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店出版社,1955:143-146.
[63]于长春,谢力,张小雷,周慧,朱泓.拓跋鲜卑和匈奴之间亲缘关系的遗传学分析[J].遗传,2007,29(10):1223-1229.
[64]张家口考古队.蔚县夏家店下层文化颅骨的人种学研究[J].北方文物,1987(1):2-11转20.
[65]张治强.西寨遗址陶器分析[J].北方文物,2005(3):11-18.
[66]张忠培,孔哲生,张文军,陈雍.夏家店下层文化研究[C]//苏秉琦.考古学文化论集(第一辑).北京:文物出版社,1987:58-78.
[67]张忠培.关于内蒙古东部地区考古的几个问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古东部区考古学文化研究文集.北京:海洋出版社,1991:3-9.
[68]张忠培.辽宁古遗存的分区、编年及其他——“环渤海考古”学术讨论会上的发言[J].辽海文物学刊,1991(1):8-12.
[69]赵欣,等.从分子生物学角度看河北蔚县三关墓地古代居民的遗传结构[J].文物春秋,2009(1):3-8转33.
[70]郑丽慧,朱泓,陈靓.内蒙古七郎山魏晋时期鲜卑墓葬人骨研究[J].内蒙古文物考古,2003(1):87-91.
[71]中国科学院考古研究所体质人类学组.赤峰、宁城夏家店上层文化人骨研究[J].考古学报,1975(2):157-169.
[72]周慧,万成,朱泓.古人骨DNA的提取、扩增、测序与研究[J].北方文物,2001(3):8-11.
[73]朱泓,王成生.彰武平安堡青铜时代居民的种族类型[J].考古,1994(2):159-169.
[74]朱泓,魏东.内蒙古敖汉旗水泉遗址出土的青铜时代人骨(日文)[C]//东北亚细亚先史文化的比较考古学研究.日本:2002:69-93.
[75]朱泓,张全超.内蒙古林西县井沟子遗址西区墓地人骨研究[J].人类学学报,2007,26(2):97-106.
[76]朱泓,周慧,林雪川.老山汉墓女性墓主人种族类型、DNA分析和颅象复原[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2004(2):21-27.
[77]朱泓.本溪庙后山青铜时代居民的种系归属[C]//苏秉琦.考古学文化论集(第四辑).北京:文物出版社,1997:211-218.
[78]朱泓.内蒙古察右前旗庙子沟新石器时代颅骨的人类学特征[J].人类学学报,1994,13(2):126-133.
[79]朱泓.内蒙古长城地带的古代种族[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.边疆考古研究(第1辑).北京:科学出版社,2002:301-313.
[80]朱泓.夏家店上层文化居民的种族类型及相关问题[J].辽海文物学刊,1989(1):111-122.
[81]朱泓.小黑石沟夏家店上层文化居民的人类学特征[C]//吉林大学考古学系.青果集(二).北京:知识出版社,1998:228-236.
[82]朱泓.中国东北地区的古代种族[J].文物季刊,1998(1):54-64.
[83]朱泓.中国南方地区的古代种族[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2002,171(3):5-12.
[84]朱泓.中国西北地区的古代种族[J].考古与文物,2006(5):60-65.
[85]朱泓.中原地区的古代种族[C]//吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.庆祝张忠培先生七十岁论文集.北京:科学出版社,2004:549-557.
[86]朱延平.富河文化的若干问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第一辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1994:114-118.
[87]朱永刚.大、小凌河流域含曲刃短剑遗存的考古学文化及相关问题[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:362-374.
[88]朱永刚.东北青铜文化的发展阶段与文化区系[J].考古学报,1998(2):133-152.
[89]邹衡.关于夏商时期北方地区诸邻境文化的初步探讨[C]//邹衡.夏商周考古学论文集(第二版).北京:科学出版社,2001:233-270.
[1]北京大学历史系考古专业商周组.商周考古[M].北京:文物出版社,1979.
[2]蔡大伟.分子考古学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[3]李伯谦.中国青铜文化结构体系研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[4]李法军.河北阳原姜家梁新石器时代人骨研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[5]辽宁省文物考古研究所.牛河梁红山文化遗址与玉器精粹[M].北京:文物出版社,1997.
[6]林少宫,等.多元统计分析及计算机程序[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1987.
[7]米红,张文璋.实用现代统计学分析方法与SPSS应用[M].北京:当代中国出版社,2000:204-278.
[8]邵象清.人体测量手册[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1985.
[9]乌恩岳斯图.北方草原考古学文化研究——青铜时代至早期铁器时代[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[10]吴汝康,吴新智,张振标.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
[11]薛薇. SPSS统计分析方法及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[12]扬怀仁.第四纪地质[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987.
[13]杨建华.春秋战国时期中国北方文化带的形成[M].北京:文物出版社, 2004:101-102.
[14]杨志军,郝思德,李陈奇.平洋墓葬[M].北京:文物出版社,1990.
[15]赵宾福.东北石器时代考古[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2003.
[16]朱泓.体质人类学[M].北京:高等教育出报社,2004.
[1]常娥.内蒙古长城地带先秦时期人类遗骸的DNA研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2008.
[2]陈国庆.辽西地区新石器时代考古文化的形成与发展——兼论与周邻地区考古文化的互动关系[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2006.
[3]葛斌文.井沟子古代人群的遗传分析[D].长春:吉林大学生命科学学院硕士学位论文,2008.
[4]宋豫秦.西辽河流域全新世沙质荒漠化过程的人地关系[D].北京:北京大学博士后研究工作报告,1995.转引自王立新.辽西区夏至战国时期文化格局与经济形态的演进[J].考古学报,2004(3):243-270.
[5]张全超.内蒙古和林格尔县新店子墓地人骨研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2005.
[6]张小咏. 5000aB.P.以来辽西地区环境演变与人地关系研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[7]张亚强.哈啦海沟墓地发掘及探索[D].长春:吉林大学文学院硕士学位论文,2008.
[8]赵宾福.中国东北地区夏至战国时期的考古学文化研究[D].长春:吉林大学文学院博士学位论文,2005.
[1]辽宁省文物考古研究所,赤峰市博物馆.大南沟——后红山文化墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[2]内蒙古文物考古研究所.白音长汗——新石器时代遗址发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[3]魏坚.庙子沟与大坝沟——新石器时代遗址发掘报告(上)[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2003.
[4]中国社会科学院考古研究所.大甸子——夏家店下层文化遗址与墓地发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[1]安特生.奉天锦西县沙锅屯洞穴层[M]//地质调查所.古生物(丁种第1号第1册). 1933.
[2]敖汉旗博物馆.敖汉旗南台地赵宝沟文化遗址调查[J].内蒙古文物考古,1991(1):2-10.
[3]巴林右旗博物馆.内蒙古巴林右旗那斯台遗址调查[J].考古,1987(6):507-518.
[4]方殿春,刘葆华.辽宁阜新县胡头沟红山文化玉器墓的发现[J].文物,1984(6):1-5.
[5]高美璇.兴城县仙灵寺夏家店下层文化遗址[M]//中国考古学会.中国考古学年鉴1985.北京:文物出版社,1985:124-125.
[6]郭大顺,张克举.辽宁省喀左县东山嘴红山文化建筑群址发掘简报[J].文物,1984(11):1-11.
[7]河北省文物管理处.河北迁安安新庄新石器遗址调查和试掘[C]//《考古》编辑部.考古学集刊(第4辑).北京:中国社会科学出版社,1984:96-110.
[8]河北省文物研究所.河北省迁西县东寨遗址发掘简报[J].文物春秋,1992年增刊:128-143.
[9]河北省文物研究所.河北阳原县姜家梁新石器时代遗址的发掘[J].考古,2001(2):13-27.
[10]吉林大学边疆考古研究中心,内蒙古文物考古研究所. 2002年内蒙古林西县井沟子遗址西区墓葬发掘纪要[J].考古与文物,2004(1):6-19.
[11]锦州市博物馆.辽宁锦西县乌金塘东周墓调查记[J].考古,1960(5):7-9.
[12]喀左县文化馆.记辽宁喀左县后坟村发现的一组陶器[J].考古,1982(1):108-109.
[13]克什克腾旗博物馆.克什克腾旗上店小河沿文化墓地及遗址调查简报[J].内蒙古文物考古,1992(Z1):77-83.
[14]李恭笃.辽宁凌源县三官甸子城子山遗址试掘报告[J].考古,1986(6):497-510.
[15]辽宁省博物馆,朝阳地区博物馆.辽宁喀左南洞沟石椁墓[J].考古,1977(6):373-375.
[16]辽宁省博物馆,朝阳市博物馆.建平水泉遗址发掘简报[J].辽海文物学刊,1986(2):11-29.
[17]辽宁省博物馆,昭乌达盟文物工作站,敖汉旗文化馆.辽宁敖汉旗小河沿三种原始文化的发现[J].文物,1977(12):1-12转81.
[18]辽宁省博物馆,昭乌达盟文物工作站,赤峰县文化馆.内蒙古赤峰县四分地东山嘴遗址试掘简报[J].考古,1983(5):420-429.
[19]辽宁省博物馆.辽宁凌源县三官甸青铜短剑墓[J].考古,1985(2):125-130.
[20]辽宁省博物馆文物工作队.辽宁朝阳魏营子西周墓和古遗址[J].考古,1977(5):306-309.
[21]辽宁省文物干部培训班.辽宁北票丰下遗址1972年春发掘简报[J].考古,1976(3):197-210转186.
[22]辽宁省文物考古研究所,朝阳市博物馆,朝阳县文物管理所.朝阳小东山新石器至汉代遗址发掘报告[C]//辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁省道路建设考古报告集(2003).沈阳:辽宁民族出版社,2004:1-94.
[23]辽宁省文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古系.辽宁阜新平顶山石城址发掘报告[J].考古,1992(5):399-417.
[24]辽宁省文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古学系.辽宁彰武平安堡遗址发掘简报[J].辽海文物学刊,1989(2):99-109.
[25]辽宁省文物考古研究所,喀左县博物馆.喀左和尚沟墓地[J].辽海文物学刊,1989(2):110-115.
[26]辽宁省文物考古研究所.阜新查海新石器时代遗址试掘简报[J].辽海文物学刊,1988(l):11-16.
[27]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁北票喇嘛洞青铜时代墓葬[J].文物,2004(5):26-30转77.
[28]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁北票市康家屯城址发掘简报[J].考古,2001(8):31-44.
[29]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁凌源市牛河梁遗址第五地点1998~1999年度的发掘[J].考古,2001(8):15-30.
[30]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁第二地点四号冢筒形器墓的发掘[J].文物,1997(8):15-19.
[31]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁第二地点一号冢21号墓发掘简报[J].文物,1997(8):9-14.
[32]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁第五地点一号冢中心大墓(M1)发掘简报[J].文物,1997(8):4-8.
[33]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁牛河梁红山文化“女神庙”与积石冢群发掘简报[J].文物,1986(8):1-17.
[34]辽宁省文物考古研究所.辽宁义县向阳岭青铜时代遗址发掘报告[C]//《考古》编辑部.考古学集刊(第13集).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2000:41-82.
[35]辽宁省文物考古研究所.牛河梁第十六地点红山文化积石冢中心大墓发掘简报[J].文物,2008(10):4-14.
[36]辽宁省文物考古研究所.牛河梁红山文化第二地点一号冢石棺墓的发掘[J].文物,2008(10):15-33.
[37]刘国祥,贾笑冰,赵明辉,邵国田.兴隆沟遗址发掘又有重要发现[N].中国文物报,2003-1-3(1转2).
[38]刘晋祥.翁牛特旗小善德沟新石器时代遗址[M]//中国考古学会.中国考古学年鉴1989.北京:文物出版社,1990:130-131.
[39]刘谦.锦州山河营子遗址发掘报告[J].考古,1986(10):873-881.
[40]吕遵谔.内蒙赤峰红山考古调查[J].考古学报,1958(3):25-40.
[41]内蒙古文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古学系.内蒙古林西县白音长汗新石器时代遗址1991年发掘简报[J].文物,2002(1):4-15.
[42]内蒙古文物考古研究所.巴林左旗友好村二道梁红山文化遗址发掘简报[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第一辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1994:96-113.
[43]内蒙古文物考古研究所.赤峰市松山区三座店遗址2005年度发掘简报[J].内蒙古文物考古,2006(1):1-8.
[44]内蒙古文物考古研究所.克什克腾旗南台子遗址[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:53-77.
[45]内蒙古文物考古研究所.克什克腾旗南台子遗址发掘简报[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第一辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1994:87-95.
[46]内蒙古文物考古研究所.凉城崞县窑子墓地[J].考古学报,1989(1):57-81.
[47]内蒙古文物考古研究所.林西县水泉遗址发掘述要[C]//内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古文物考古文集(第二辑).北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997:78-84.
[48]内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古林西县白音长汗新石器时代遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1993(7):577-586.
[49]内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古林西县水泉遗址发掘简报[J].考古,2005(11):19-29.
[50]内蒙古文物考古研究所.内蒙古朱开沟遗址[J].考古学报,1988(3):301-332.
[51]内蒙古自治区昭乌达盟文物工作站.内蒙古昭乌达盟石羊石虎山新石器时代墓葬[J].考古,1963(10):523-524转546.
[52]塔拉,齐晓光.宁城县小黑石沟夏家店上层文化遗址[M]//中国考古学会.中国考古学年鉴1986.北京:文物出版社,1988:102.
[53]王刚.林西县井沟子夏家店上层文化墓葬[J].内蒙古文物考古,1998(1):1-4.
[54]魏凡.牛河梁红山文化第三地点积石冢石棺墓[J].辽海文物学刊,1994(1):9-13转101.
[55]辛占山.康平顺山屯青铜时代遗址试掘报告[J].辽海文物学刊,1988(1):27-40.
[56]张家口考古队.蔚县考古记略[J].考古与文物,1982,12(4):10-14.
[57]张家口考古队.蔚县夏商时期考古的主要收获[J].考古与文物,1984,21(1):40-48.
[58]中国科学院考古研究所辽宁工作队.敖汉旗大甸子遗址1974年试掘简报[J].考古,1975(2):99-101.
[59]中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古发掘队.赤峰药王庙、夏家店遗址试掘报告[J].考古学报,1974(1):111-144.
[60]中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古发掘队.内蒙古赤峰药王庙、夏家店遗址试掘简报[J].考古,1961(2):77-81.
[61]中国科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古巴林左旗富河沟门遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1964(1):1-5.
[62]中国社会科学院考古研究所,内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所,吉林大学边疆考古研究中心.内蒙古喀喇沁旗大山前遗址1998年的发掘[J].考古,2004(3):31-39.
[63]中国社会科学院考古研究所,内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所,吉林大学考古系.内蒙古喀喇沁旗大山前遗址1996年发掘简报[J].考古,1998(9):43-49.
[64]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古第一工作队.内蒙古赤峰市兴隆沟聚落遗址2002—2003年的发掘[J].考古,2004(7):3-8.
[65]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队,敖汉旗博物馆.内蒙古敖汉旗兴隆沟新石器时代遗址调查[J].考古,2000(9):30-48.
[66]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.赤峰西水泉红山文化遗址[J].考古学报,1982(2):183-198.
[67]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.赤峰蜘蛛山遗址的发掘[J].考古学报,1979(2):215-243.
[68]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗小山遗址[J].考古,1987(6):481-506.
[69]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗兴隆洼遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1985(10):865-874.
[70]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.内蒙古敖汉旗赵宝沟一号遗址发掘简报[J].考古,1988(1):1-6.
[71]中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队.宁城南山根遗址发掘报告[J].考古学报,1975(1):117-140.
[72]朱风瀚.吉林奈曼旗大沁他拉新石器时代遗址调查[J].考古,1979(3):209-222.
[73]朱贵.辽宁朝阳十二台营子青铜短剑墓[J].考古学报,1960(l):63-72.
[1] Alan J Redd, et al. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Mongolian Populations and Implications for the Origin of New World Founders[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1999, 65:808-828.
[2] Anderson S, Bankier A T, Barrell B G, et al. Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome[J]. Nature, 1981, 290:457-465.
[3] Bamshad M, Kivisild T, Watkins W S, et al. Genetic evidence on the origins of Indian caste populations[J]. Genome Research, 2001, 11:994-1004.
[4] Bandelt H J, Forster P, Rohl A. Median joining networks for inferring intraspeciWc phylogenies[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 1999, 16:37-48.
[5] Bandelt H J, Forster P, Sykes B C, et al. Mitochondrial portraits of human populations using median networks[J]. Genetics, 1995, 141:743-753.
[6] Betty D J, Chin-Atkins AN, et al. Multiple independent origins of the COII/tRNALys intergenic 9-bp mtDNA deletion in aboriginal Australians[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1996, 58:428-433.
[7] Cai D W, Han L, Xie C Z, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Bronze Age horses recovered from Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2007, 17(5):545-550.
[8] Cai D W, Han L, Zhang X L, et al. DNA analysis of archaeological sheep remains from China[J]. Journal of archaeological science, 2007(34):1347-1355.
[9] Cavalli-Sforza L L, Feldman M W. The application of molecular genetic approaches to the study of human evolution[J]. Nat Genet, 2003, 33:266-275.
[10] Christine K T, Eric C, Bertrand L, et al. Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a 2,000-Year-Old Necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongol[iaJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003, 73:247-260.
[11] Comas D, Calafell F, Mateu E, et al. Trading genes along the Silk Road: mtDNA sequences and the origin of central Asian populations[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1998, 63:1824-1838.
[12] Comas D, et al. Geographic variation in human mitochondrial DNA control region sequence the population history of Turkey and its relationship to the European population[sJ]. Mol Biol Ed, 1996, 13(8):1067-1077.
[13] Comas D, Plaza S, Wells R S, et al. Admixture,migrations, and dispersals in Central Asia: evidence from maternal DNA lineages[J]. Eur J Hum Genet, 2004, 12:495-504.
[14] Cooper A, Poinar H N. Ancient DNA: do it right or no[tJ]? Science, 2000, 289(5482):1139.
[15] Derbeneva O A, Starikovskaia E B, Volod'ko N V, et al. Mitochondrial DNA variation in Kets and Nganasans and the early peoples of Northern Eurasia[J]. Genetika, 2002, 38:1554-1560.
[16] Derenko M V, Grzybowski T, Malyarchuk B A, et al. Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA Lineages in South Siberia[J]. Ann Hum Genet, 2003, 67:391-411.
[17] Excoffier LLGSS. Arlequin ver.3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis[J]. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 2005, Online 1:47-50.
[18] Fedorova S A, Bermisheva M A, Villems R, et al. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA lineages in Yakuts[J]. Mol Biol (Mosk), 2003, 37:643-653.
[19] Fu Y Q, Xu X L, Zhang X L, et al. Phylogenetic Analysis of MtDNA from the Ancient Human of the Yuan Dynasty in Inner Mongolia in Chi[naJ]. CHEM RES CHINESE U, 2006, 22(2):177-180.
[20] Fu Y Q, Zhao H, Cui Y Q, et al. Molecular genetic analysis of Wanggu Remains, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007, 132:285-291.
[21] Fu Y X. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection[J]. Genetics, 1997, 147:915-925.
[22] Gao S Z, Yang Y D, Xu Y, et al. Tracing the Genetic History of the Chinese People: Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of a Neolithic Population from the Lajia Sit[eJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007, 133:1128-1136.
[23] Giles R E, Blanc H, Cann H M, et al. Maternal inheritance of human mitochondrial DN[AJ]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1980, 77:6715-6719.
[24] Handt O, Krings M, Ward R H, et al. The retrival of ancient human DNA sequenc[esJ]. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 1996, 59:368-376.
[25] Higuchi R, Bowman B, Freiberger M, et al. DNA sequences from the quagga, an extinct member of the horse family[J]. Nature, 1984, 312(15):282-284.
[26] Horai S, Murayama K, et al. mtDNA polymorphism in east Asian populations, with special reference to the peopling of Japan[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1996, 59:579-590.
[27] Imaizumi K, et al. A new database of mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II sequences from 162 Japanese individuals[J]. Int J Legal Med, 2002, 116:68-73.
[28] Kazuo U, Masashi T, Isao Y, et al. Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis for rapid detection of human mitochondrial DNA variation[sJ]. Electrophoresis, 2001, 22:3533-3538.
[29] Kivisild T, Bamshad M J, Kaldma K, et al. Deep common ancestry of Indian and western-Eurasian mitochondrial DNA lineages[J]. Curr Biol, 1999, 9:1331-1334.
[30] Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, et al. The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003, 72:313-332.
[31] Kivisild T, Tolk H-V, Parik J, et al. The emerging limbs and twigs of the East Asian mtDNA tree[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2002, 19(10):1737-1751.
[32] Kolman C, Sambuughin N, Bermingham E. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Mongolian populations and implications for the origin of New World founder[sJ]. Genetics, 1996, 142:1321-1334.
[33] Kong Q P, Yao Y G, Liu M, et al. Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic population from northern China[J]. Human Genetics, 2003, 113(5):391-405.
[34] Kong Q P, Yao Y G, Sun C, et al. Phylogeny of East Asian Mitochondrial DNA Lineages Inferred from Complete Sequences[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2003, 73:671-676.
[35] Krause J, Dear P H, Pollack J L, et al. Multiplex amplification of the mammoth mitochondrial genome and the evolution of Elephantida[eJ]. Nature, 2005, 439:724-727.
[36] Lee S D, et al. Sequence variation of mitochondrial DNA control region in Korean[sJ]. Forensic Sci Int, 1997, 87:99-116.
[37] Li H Y, Y J-E, et al. East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: Haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control region sequence analysis[J]. Electrophoresis, 2006, 27:4408-4418.
[38] Li H Y, Y J-E, et al. Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences in Koreans: identification of useful variable sites and phylogenetic analysis for mtDNA data quality contro[lJ]. Int J Legal Med, 2006, 120:5-14.
[39] Martin Richards, et al. Paleolithic and neolithic lineages in the European mitochondrial gene pool[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1996, 59:185-203.
[40] Maruyama S, Minaguchi K, Saitou N. Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA lineages in the Japanese populatio[nJ]. Int J Legal Med, 2003, 117:218-225.
[41] Mullis K B, Faloona F A. Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase catalyzed chain reaction[J]. Science, 1985, 230:1350-1354.
[42] Nagata J, Msuda R, Yoshida M C. Nucleotide sequences of the Cytchrome b and the 12S rRNA genes in the Japaneses Sika Deer Cerous nippon[J]. J Mamm Soc Japan, 1995, 20(1):1-8.
[43] Nishimaki Y, Sato K, Fang L, et al. Sequence polymorphism in the mtDNA HV1 region in Japanese and Chinese[J]. Legal Med, 1999, 1:238-249.
[44] Oota H, Kitano T, Jin F, et al. Extreme mtDNA homogeneity in continental Asian populations[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2002, 118:146-153.
[45] Oota H, Saitou N, Matsushita T, Ueda S. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Remains of a 2,000-Year-Old Human Population in China—and Its Relevance for the Origin of the Modern Japanese Population[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1999, 64:250-258.
[46] Oota H, Settheetham-Ishida W, Tiwawech D, et al. Human mtDNA and Y-chromosome variation is correlated with matrilocal versus patrilocal residence[J]. Nat Genet, 2001, 29:20-21.
[47] Pakendorf B, et al. Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts[J]. Hum Genet, 2006, 120:334-353.
[48] Pakendorf B, Stoneking M. Mitochondrial DNA and human evolutio[nJ]. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet, 2005, 6:165-183.
[49] Pakendorf B, Wiebe V, Tarskaia L A, et al. Mitochondrial DNA evidence for admixed origins of central Siberian populations[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003, 120:211-224.
[50] Poinar H N. Criteria for authenticity in ancient DNA wo[rkJ]. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2004:115-116.
[51] Puzyrev V P, Stepanov V A, Golubenko M V, et al. MtDNA and Y-Chromosome Lineages in the Yakut Population[J]. Genetika, 2003, 39:975-981.
[52] Quintana-Murci L, Chaix R, Wells S, et al. Where West meets East: The complex mtDNA landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian corrido[rJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 2004, 74:827-845.
[53] Redd A J, Takezaki N, Sherry S T, et al. Evolutionary history of the COII/tRNALys intergenic 9 base pair deletion in human mitochondrial DNAs from the Pacif[icJ]. Mol Biol Evol, 1995, 12:12.
[54] Rogers A R, Harpending H. Population growth curves in the distribution of pairwise genetic diVerences[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 1992, 9:552-559.
[55] Saillard J, Forster P, Lynnerup N. MtDNA variation among Greenland Eskimos: the edge of the Beringian expansion[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2000, 67:718-726.
[56] Saitou N, Nei M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 1987, 14:406-425.
[57] Schurr T G, Sukernik R I, Starikovskaya Y B, et al. Mitochondrial DNA variation in Koryaks and Itel'men: population replacement in the Okhotsk Sea-Bering Sea region during the Neolithic[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1999, 108:1-39.
[58] Shinoda, et al. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Ancient Peruvian Highlande[rsJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006, 131(1):98-107.
[59] Simmons M P. Independence of alignment and tree search[J]. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2004, 31:874-879.
[60] Starikovskaya Y B, Sukernik R I, Schurr T G, et al. MtDNA diversity in Chukchi and Siberian Eskimos: implications for the genetic history of Ancient Beringia and the peopling of the New World[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1998, 63:1473-1491.
[61] Takahashi K, Nei M. Efficiencies of fast algorithms of phylogenetic inference under the criteria of maximum parsimony, minimum evolution, and maximum likelihood when a large number of sequences are used[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2000, 17:1251-1258.
[62] Tanaka M, Cabrera V M, Gonzalez A M, et al. Mitochondrial genome variation in Eastern Asia and the peopling of Japan[J]. Genome Research, 2004, 14(10A):1832-1850.
[63] Theodore G Schurr, Douglas C Wallace. Mitochondrial DNA diversity in Southeast Asian populations[J]. Human Biology, 2002, 74(3):431-452.
[64] Torroni A, Miller J A, Moore L G, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis in Tibet: implications for the origin of the Tibetanpopulation and its adaptation to high altitud[eJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1994, 93:189-199.
[65] Torroni A, Sukernik R I, Schurr T G, et al. MtDNA variation of aboriginal Siberians reveals distinct genetic affinities with Native American[sJ]. Am J Hum Genet, 1993, 53:591-608.
[66] Tsai L C, Lin C Y, Lee J C, et al. Sequence polymorphism of mitochondrial D-loop DNA in the Taiwanese Han population[J]. Forensic Sci Int, 2001, 119:239-247.
[67] Umetsu K, Tanaka M, Yuasa I, Saitou N, et al. Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis for rapid detection of human mitochondrial DNA variation[s.J]. Electrophoresis, 2001, 22:3533-3538.
[68] Umetsu, et al. Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis of 36 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms for haplogrouping of East Asian populations[J]. Electrophoresis, 2005, 26:91-98.
[69] Wang H J, Ge B W, Victor H Mair, et al. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Remains from Lamadong Cemetery, Liaoning, Chin[aJ]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007, 134:404-411.
[70] Wang H J, Liu W Q, Fu Y Q, et al. Molecular biological analysis of remains from Jiangjungou Cemetery in Inner Mongolia[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2006, 16(7):727-731.
[71] Wang L, Oota H, Saitou N, et al. Genetic Structure of a 2,500-Year-Old Human Population in China and Its Spatiotemporal Changes[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2000, 17(9):1396-1400.
[72] Wen B, et al. Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han cultur[eJ]. Nature, 2004, 431(16):302-305.
[73] Xie C Z, Li C X, Cui Y Q, et al. Evidence of ancient DNA reveals the first European lineage in Iron Age Central China[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society. B: Biological Sciences, 2007, 274: 1597-1601.
[74] Xie C Z, Li C X, Cui Y Q, et al. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Sampula population in Xinjiang[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2007, 17(8): 927-933.
[75] Xu Y, Zhang X L, Cui Y Q, et al. Genetic Structure Analysis of Human Remains from Khitan Noble Necropolis[J]. CHEM RES CHINESE U, 2006, 22(2):123-128.
[76] Yang D Y, ENG B, WAYE J. Technical Note: impoved DNA extraction from Ancient Bones using silica-based spin columns[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1998, 105:539-543.
[77] Yao Y G, et al. Different matrilineal contributions to genetic structure of ethnic groups in the silk road region in china[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2004, 21(12):2265-2280.
[78] Yao Y G, et al. Gene admixture in the Silk Road region of China: Evidence from mtDNA and melanocortin 1 receptor polymorphism[J]. Genes Genet Syst, 2000, 75:173-178.
[79] Yao Y G, Kong Q P, Bandelt H J, et al. Phylogeographic differentiation of mitochondrial DNA in Han Chinese[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2002, 70:635-651.
[80] Yao Y G, Kong Q P, et al. Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of China: A Caveat About Inferences Drawn from Ancient DNA[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2003, 20(2):214-219.
[81] Yao Y G, Zhang Y P, et al. Phylogeographic analysis of mtDNA variation in four ethnic populations fromYunnan Province: new data and a reappraisa[lJ]. J Hum Genet, 2002, 47:311-318.
[82] Yao Y, Nie L, Harpending H, et al. Genetic relationship of Chinese ethnic populations revealed by mtDNA sequence diversity[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2002, 118:63-76.
[83] Yu C C, Xie L, Zhang X L, et al. Genetic analysis on Tuoba Xianbei remains excavated from Qilang mountain cemetery in Qahar Right Wing Middle Banner of Inner Mongo[liaJ]. FEBS Letters, 2006, 580(26):6242-6246.
[84] Yu N, Zheng C L, Zhang Y P, et al. Molecular systematics of Pikas (Genus Ochotona) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences[J]. Mol Phyl Evol, 2000, 16(1):85-95.
[85]滨田耕作,水野清一.赤峰红山后[M].东京:东亚考古学会.东方考古学丛刊(甲种第六册),1938.
[86]三宅宗悦,等.赤峰红山后石椁墓人骨的人类学的研究[M]//滨田耕作、水野清一.赤峰红山后(附录一).东京:1938:89-110.
[1]转引自http://www.mitomap.org/WorldMigration.pd.f