香根草特性及其用途的研究
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摘要
本文研究了香根草宏观、微观构造及特性,讨论了脲醛树脂(UF)对香根草的润湿性和胶合机理。并探讨了将其微/纳纤丝作为三聚氰胺浸渍液改性剂的可行性,初步研究了香根草的抗白蚁性。结论如下:
(1)香根草主要由表皮组织、基本薄壁组织、维管束组织及纤维组织带构成。不同部位相对结晶度含量不同,其纤维细胞壁为多层结构。叶部的灰分含量最高为7.27,香根草叶外表面硅元素相对含量最高为11.96%。冷水、热水及1%NaOH抽提物含量均高于木材,苯醇抽提物含量相对较低。木素、聚戊糖及综纤维素含量在香根草秆分别为21.24%、20.93%、71.68,叶分别为23.86/%、17.74%、72.16%,pH值秆部为4.76、叶为6.27。
(2)香根草润湿性研究发现:综合考虑扩散——渗透系数K值与平衡接触角,MDI对香根草的润湿性最好,UF次之,优于PF。碎料和纤维的表面自由基浓度高于整秆,纤维的高于碎料。傅里叶红外和热性能研究结果表明:碎料和纤维均与UF胶发生了化学反应,具有较好的胶合性能。
(3)高能超声波法制备香根草纤维素微/纳纤丝,当纤维浓度1～2%,随超声振幅与时间不同,超声振幅90%,时间60min时,得到的粒径90%分布在7.0～80μm。
(4)香根草/UF碎料板推荐工艺:热压温度160℃,热压时间50 s/mm,施胶量14 %,石蜡防水剂0.8～1.0%,密度0.8g/cm3。香根草/UF纤维板热压温度165℃,热压时间延长到60 s/mm,施胶量16%,其它工艺参数同碎料板,可得到性能符合国标要求的人造板。香根草纤维素微/纳纤丝改性三聚氰胺浸渍纸贴面板,板面耐磨性提高。其碎料对白蚁有一定的抗耐性。
This study investigated the macro- and micro- structures and characteristics of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) . And the wettability to UF resin and the bonding mechanism were also discussed. The micro/nano fibrils were used to reinforce MF impregnation solution. The property of termite fastness was also tested. The conclusions were listed as follows:
(1)The Vetiver was consisted of epidermis tissue, parenchymatous cell tissue, libriform tissue and band of fibre. The relative crystallinity was different in different parts.The maximum contents of ash and was 7.27% in leaf, the maximum of silicon element relative content was 11.96% on leaf–surface. The extract contents of cold water, hot water and 1%NaOH in Vetiver were all higher than in wood. However, the extract content of benzene-ethanol was lower. The content of lignin of stalk was 21.24%, pentosan was 20.93% and holocellulose was 71.68%.,the content of lignin in leaf was 23.86%, pentosan was 17.74% and holocellulose was 72.16%., and the pH value were 4.74 and 6.27 of stalk and in leaf.
(2)The results of wettability showed: considering diffusion-permeability coefficient K value and equilibrium contact angels, MDI were the best on the wettability of vetiver, and the ones of UF took the second place, higher than those of PF. The concentrations of surface free radical in chip and fiber were both higher than in whole stalk and the one in fiber was higher than in chip. The results of FT-IR and DSC showed: there existed chemical reactions between chips/fiber and UF resin, and the bonding properties were better.
(3)The technics for preparing Vetiver micro/nano fibrils by high intensity ultrasonication were: bleaching fiber concentration 1～2%, ultrasound amplitude 80%, time 90 min, the particle size distribution of 90% in 7.0 ~ 80μm.
(4)The optimum technics for preparing Vetiver/UF flakeboard were: hot-press temperature 160℃, time 50 s/mm, resin content 14%, olefin 0.8～1.0%, density 0.8g/cm3. For the Vetiver/UF fiberboard were: hot-press temperature 165℃, time extended to 60 s/mm, resin content 16%, other parameters being the same as flakeboard. The properties of flakeboard and fiberboard both accordded with the requrement of national standard. The property of friction-resistant of faceplate was improved by filling micro/nano fibrils to MF impregnation solution. The chips of Vetiver had an extent capability of resisting termite.
(1)香根草主要由表皮组织、基本薄壁组织、维管束组织及纤维组织带构成。不同部位相对结晶度含量不同,其纤维细胞壁为多层结构。叶部的灰分含量最高为7.27,香根草叶外表面硅元素相对含量最高为11.96%。冷水、热水及1%NaOH抽提物含量均高于木材,苯醇抽提物含量相对较低。木素、聚戊糖及综纤维素含量在香根草秆分别为21.24%、20.93%、71.68,叶分别为23.86/%、17.74%、72.16%,pH值秆部为4.76、叶为6.27。
(2)香根草润湿性研究发现:综合考虑扩散——渗透系数K值与平衡接触角,MDI对香根草的润湿性最好,UF次之,优于PF。碎料和纤维的表面自由基浓度高于整秆,纤维的高于碎料。傅里叶红外和热性能研究结果表明:碎料和纤维均与UF胶发生了化学反应,具有较好的胶合性能。
(3)高能超声波法制备香根草纤维素微/纳纤丝,当纤维浓度1～2%,随超声振幅与时间不同,超声振幅90%,时间60min时,得到的粒径90%分布在7.0～80μm。
(4)香根草/UF碎料板推荐工艺:热压温度160℃,热压时间50 s/mm,施胶量14 %,石蜡防水剂0.8～1.0%,密度0.8g/cm3。香根草/UF纤维板热压温度165℃,热压时间延长到60 s/mm,施胶量16%,其它工艺参数同碎料板,可得到性能符合国标要求的人造板。香根草纤维素微/纳纤丝改性三聚氰胺浸渍纸贴面板,板面耐磨性提高。其碎料对白蚁有一定的抗耐性。
This study investigated the macro- and micro- structures and characteristics of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) . And the wettability to UF resin and the bonding mechanism were also discussed. The micro/nano fibrils were used to reinforce MF impregnation solution. The property of termite fastness was also tested. The conclusions were listed as follows:
(1)The Vetiver was consisted of epidermis tissue, parenchymatous cell tissue, libriform tissue and band of fibre. The relative crystallinity was different in different parts.The maximum contents of ash and was 7.27% in leaf, the maximum of silicon element relative content was 11.96% on leaf–surface. The extract contents of cold water, hot water and 1%NaOH in Vetiver were all higher than in wood. However, the extract content of benzene-ethanol was lower. The content of lignin of stalk was 21.24%, pentosan was 20.93% and holocellulose was 71.68%.,the content of lignin in leaf was 23.86%, pentosan was 17.74% and holocellulose was 72.16%., and the pH value were 4.74 and 6.27 of stalk and in leaf.
(2)The results of wettability showed: considering diffusion-permeability coefficient K value and equilibrium contact angels, MDI were the best on the wettability of vetiver, and the ones of UF took the second place, higher than those of PF. The concentrations of surface free radical in chip and fiber were both higher than in whole stalk and the one in fiber was higher than in chip. The results of FT-IR and DSC showed: there existed chemical reactions between chips/fiber and UF resin, and the bonding properties were better.
(3)The technics for preparing Vetiver micro/nano fibrils by high intensity ultrasonication were: bleaching fiber concentration 1～2%, ultrasound amplitude 80%, time 90 min, the particle size distribution of 90% in 7.0 ~ 80μm.
(4)The optimum technics for preparing Vetiver/UF flakeboard were: hot-press temperature 160℃, time 50 s/mm, resin content 14%, olefin 0.8～1.0%, density 0.8g/cm3. For the Vetiver/UF fiberboard were: hot-press temperature 165℃, time extended to 60 s/mm, resin content 16%, other parameters being the same as flakeboard. The properties of flakeboard and fiberboard both accordded with the requrement of national standard. The property of friction-resistant of faceplate was improved by filling micro/nano fibrils to MF impregnation solution. The chips of Vetiver had an extent capability of resisting termite.
引文
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