露天堆场起尘与防风网遮蔽效果机理研究及现场实测分析
摘要
随着国民经济及现代化港口工业的迅猛发展,各类散货堆场,尤其是煤堆场在贮存作业中产生的粉尘对环境污染日益严重。而对于露天堆场这类开放性、无组织排放源所引起的粉尘污染问题,要对其进行有效控制和治理,掌握粉尘起尘机理是需要解决的首要问题。同时散货堆场在风的作用下经常会产生大量粉尘,既造成了原料的损失,也造成了严重的空气污染,防风网作为一种新的防风抑尘材料,能有效的减少粉尘起尘,近年来在环保领域越来越受到重视,然而,防风网作为一门新兴技术,实际工程经验有限,设计依然存在部分问题。本文结合交通部科技项目,依托京唐港3000万吨煤炭泊位(32#-34#)堆场,采取现场实测的方法,结合现有起尘计算公式比较得出粉尘起尘与装卸工艺、风速、堆垛含水率的关系；同时,对防风网防风、抑尘效果进行现场实测。现场实测结果表明：
1、堆场起尘量与风速、含水率、物料种类有密切关系,同时动态起尘量还与装卸落差有关。其中风速影响起尘量各个因素中占主导作用,降低风速、增加含水率、减少装卸落差可以有效的减少粉尘起尘；堆场内由于各堆垛的影响,粉尘在堆场内扩散时存在折减现象且明显效果。
2、防风网对风速折减具有较好的效果。钢板防风网网后遮蔽距离在1≤β≤5范围内对正风向、偏风向的平均遮蔽效果λ值分别为0.36、0.45；双层柔性防风网网后遮蔽距离在1≤β≤5范围内对正风向、偏风向的平均遮蔽效果λ值分别为0.43、0.62。两种网材对正风向的遮蔽效果优于对偏风向的遮蔽效果。
3、防风网在网前存在减风区域,且网前对正风向的遮蔽效果优于对偏风向的遮蔽效果。
4、防风网的存在有效的降低了堆场风速,从而减少了堆场的起尘量,对于高风速情况,效果尤为明显。
5、抑尘网具有很好的捕捉效果。抑尘网前、网后实测数据对比说明,抑尘网对抑制粉尘扩散有明显效果,抑尘网网前存在降尘区域。
As the rapid development of national economy and modern port industries, the dust generated from various types of bulk cargo yard and especially coal storage yard is more and more serious for environmental pollution. For this pollution question caused by dust from open and unstructured source in the open-air yard, it need to be effective control and governance, so mastering dust control mechanism is the most important issue to be resolved. Meanwhile, the bulk yard under the action of the wind often produces a lot of dust, not only caused the loss of raw materials, but also caused serious air pollution. As a new wind and dust material, wind-break net can effectively reduce the dust from the dust. In recent years, it is more and more attention in the field of environmental protection. But the actual work experience is limited, and there are still many problems to be solved. The widely-used wind-break net demands a higher technological content for the standard of design parameters.
According to the requirements of the subject in the western, in this paper, we can deduce the relationship between dust and dust loading technology, wind speed, stack moisture content, combined with the existing formula, by field measurement method at the large coal yard in Jingtang port as the background. The same time, we measure the shelter effect and restraining effect of wind-break net. Measured results show that:
1.The dust is closely related to wind speed, moisture content and type of material, while dynamic dusting is also related to handing height. Wind speed is at the dominant role from many factors which affect dusting. Lowering wind speed, increasing moisture content, reduceing handing height can effectively reduce the loading of dust from the dust. Within the yard, as the stacking effect, there is reduction of dust phenomena on the dusting spread, and the obvious effect.
2. Windbreak net reduction of the wind speed has a better effect. After the net, are within the scope of the, the average shielding effect (λ) of the steel windbreak net to the orthogonal and oblique wind is 0.36,0.45, within the shielding plate distance 1≤β≤5, and double flexible windbreak net is 0.43,0.62. The shielding effects of two kinds to orthogonal wind are better than the shielding effects to oblique wind.
3.There is droping-wind area in the net, and The shielding effect to orthogonal wind is better than the shielding effect to oblique wind.
4. Nets can effectively reduce wind velocity yard, thereby reducing the quantity of dust from the storage yard. For high wind conditions, the effect is particularly evident.
5. Nets have good effects of dust suppression. And the nets on the proliferation of dust marked inhibitory effect.There is dust region in the front and back.
1、堆场起尘量与风速、含水率、物料种类有密切关系,同时动态起尘量还与装卸落差有关。其中风速影响起尘量各个因素中占主导作用,降低风速、增加含水率、减少装卸落差可以有效的减少粉尘起尘；堆场内由于各堆垛的影响,粉尘在堆场内扩散时存在折减现象且明显效果。
2、防风网对风速折减具有较好的效果。钢板防风网网后遮蔽距离在1≤β≤5范围内对正风向、偏风向的平均遮蔽效果λ值分别为0.36、0.45；双层柔性防风网网后遮蔽距离在1≤β≤5范围内对正风向、偏风向的平均遮蔽效果λ值分别为0.43、0.62。两种网材对正风向的遮蔽效果优于对偏风向的遮蔽效果。
3、防风网在网前存在减风区域,且网前对正风向的遮蔽效果优于对偏风向的遮蔽效果。
4、防风网的存在有效的降低了堆场风速,从而减少了堆场的起尘量,对于高风速情况,效果尤为明显。
5、抑尘网具有很好的捕捉效果。抑尘网前、网后实测数据对比说明,抑尘网对抑制粉尘扩散有明显效果,抑尘网网前存在降尘区域。
As the rapid development of national economy and modern port industries, the dust generated from various types of bulk cargo yard and especially coal storage yard is more and more serious for environmental pollution. For this pollution question caused by dust from open and unstructured source in the open-air yard, it need to be effective control and governance, so mastering dust control mechanism is the most important issue to be resolved. Meanwhile, the bulk yard under the action of the wind often produces a lot of dust, not only caused the loss of raw materials, but also caused serious air pollution. As a new wind and dust material, wind-break net can effectively reduce the dust from the dust. In recent years, it is more and more attention in the field of environmental protection. But the actual work experience is limited, and there are still many problems to be solved. The widely-used wind-break net demands a higher technological content for the standard of design parameters.
According to the requirements of the subject in the western, in this paper, we can deduce the relationship between dust and dust loading technology, wind speed, stack moisture content, combined with the existing formula, by field measurement method at the large coal yard in Jingtang port as the background. The same time, we measure the shelter effect and restraining effect of wind-break net. Measured results show that:
1.The dust is closely related to wind speed, moisture content and type of material, while dynamic dusting is also related to handing height. Wind speed is at the dominant role from many factors which affect dusting. Lowering wind speed, increasing moisture content, reduceing handing height can effectively reduce the loading of dust from the dust. Within the yard, as the stacking effect, there is reduction of dust phenomena on the dusting spread, and the obvious effect.
2. Windbreak net reduction of the wind speed has a better effect. After the net, are within the scope of the, the average shielding effect (λ) of the steel windbreak net to the orthogonal and oblique wind is 0.36,0.45, within the shielding plate distance 1≤β≤5, and double flexible windbreak net is 0.43,0.62. The shielding effects of two kinds to orthogonal wind are better than the shielding effects to oblique wind.
3.There is droping-wind area in the net, and The shielding effect to orthogonal wind is better than the shielding effect to oblique wind.
4. Nets can effectively reduce wind velocity yard, thereby reducing the quantity of dust from the storage yard. For high wind conditions, the effect is particularly evident.
5. Nets have good effects of dust suppression. And the nets on the proliferation of dust marked inhibitory effect.There is dust region in the front and back.
引文
[1]朱景韩,程树军,杨慧慈,刘琴,韩久瑞,吴学文,煤堆垛起尘风速的试验研究,交通环保,1986,Z1：71-73
[2]吴维平,中国沿海港口粉尘污染的防治现状与对策,交通环保,1999,20(4)：1—6
[3]交通部环办1大业初创二十年—交通环保工作回顾1交通环保,1993,14(6)：14-18
[4]赵海珍,梁学功,马爱进.防风网防尘技术及其在我国大型煤炭港口的应用与发展对策.环境科学与研究.2007,20(2)：67-70.
[5]杨丹.露天堆煤场粉尘起尘及运移扩散规律研究(硕士学位论文).阜新：辽宁工程计算大学,2006.
[6]程健敏.国外散料装卸作业场所悬浮颗粒物排放因子研究概祝.交通环保.1989,5：32-37.
[7]Gillette D A. A wind tunnel simulation of the erosion of soil:effect of soil texture, wind speed and soil consolidation on dust production[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1978,12:1735.
[8]Xuan J, Robins A. The effects of turbulence and complex terrain on dust emissions and depositions from coal stockpiles. Atmospheric Environment,1994,28:1951.
[9]刘海玉,冯杰.煤场二次扬尘的计算方法及其应用.山东环境,1998,3：12-13.
[10]王宝章,齐鸣等.煤炭装卸、堆放起尘规律及煤尘扩散规律的研究.武汉水运工程报,1987,1：1-9.
[11]李亚娟,张光玉等.京唐港3000万吨煤炭泊位(32#-34#)工程环境影响报告书.天津：交通部天津水运工程科学研究所,2005.
[12]陈建华,詹水芬.港口散货堆场防风网防尘技术研究和应用.珠江水运.2008.3：44-46.
[13]张光玉,陈立,王奇志等.秦皇岛港煤堆场防风网风洞试验研究.交通环保,2003,(1)：4-6.
[14]沈熹.防风网防尘技术在露天煤堆场的应用研究现状及对我国发展防风网防尘技术的建议.交通环保,1995,16(3)：22-25.
[15]张光玉,詹水芬,张斌斌等.秦皇岛煤炭堆场防风网建设可行性研究.天津：交通部天津水运工程科学研究所,2006.
[16]郭辉.防风网遮蔽效果研究(硕士学位论文).大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[17]陈廷国等.国投京唐港防风网研究报告.大连：大连理工大学,报告2008.
[18]张文生,戴财生等.京唐港3000万吨煤炭泊位(32#-34#)工程初步设计.天津：中交第一航务勘察设计院,2006.
[19]李亚娟,张光玉等.京唐港3000万吨煤炭泊位(32#-34#)工程环境影响报告书.天津：交通部天津水运工程科学研究所,2005.
[20]GB／T15432-1995,环境空气总悬浮颗粒物的测定.北京：中国标准出版社,1995
[21]梁红叶.煤场扬尘机理及相关对策.辽宁城乡环境科技,2007,27(1)：15-16.
[22]K. G. Ranga Raju, R. J.Garde, S. K. Singh, M. Singh. Experinental study on characteristics of flow past porous fences, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn,1988, (29)156-163.
[23]李立新,张咏冰.挡风抑尘墙对粉尘污染的防治.环境保护,2005,5：37-39.
[24]YARAGAL SC, RAM HSG, MURTHY KK. An experimental investigation of flow fields downstream of solid and porous fences. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn,1997,66(2): 127-140.
[25]陈廷国等.防风网防风效果风洞试验研究.辽宁师范大学学报.2008.10.
[26]GB／T15265-1994,环境空气中降尘的测定.北京：中国标准出版社,1994
[2]吴维平,中国沿海港口粉尘污染的防治现状与对策,交通环保,1999,20(4)：1—6
[3]交通部环办1大业初创二十年—交通环保工作回顾1交通环保,1993,14(6)：14-18
[4]赵海珍,梁学功,马爱进.防风网防尘技术及其在我国大型煤炭港口的应用与发展对策.环境科学与研究.2007,20(2)：67-70.
[5]杨丹.露天堆煤场粉尘起尘及运移扩散规律研究(硕士学位论文).阜新：辽宁工程计算大学,2006.
[6]程健敏.国外散料装卸作业场所悬浮颗粒物排放因子研究概祝.交通环保.1989,5：32-37.
[7]Gillette D A. A wind tunnel simulation of the erosion of soil:effect of soil texture, wind speed and soil consolidation on dust production[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1978,12:1735.
[8]Xuan J, Robins A. The effects of turbulence and complex terrain on dust emissions and depositions from coal stockpiles. Atmospheric Environment,1994,28:1951.
[9]刘海玉,冯杰.煤场二次扬尘的计算方法及其应用.山东环境,1998,3：12-13.
[10]王宝章,齐鸣等.煤炭装卸、堆放起尘规律及煤尘扩散规律的研究.武汉水运工程报,1987,1：1-9.
[11]李亚娟,张光玉等.京唐港3000万吨煤炭泊位(32#-34#)工程环境影响报告书.天津：交通部天津水运工程科学研究所,2005.
[12]陈建华,詹水芬.港口散货堆场防风网防尘技术研究和应用.珠江水运.2008.3：44-46.
[13]张光玉,陈立,王奇志等.秦皇岛港煤堆场防风网风洞试验研究.交通环保,2003,(1)：4-6.
[14]沈熹.防风网防尘技术在露天煤堆场的应用研究现状及对我国发展防风网防尘技术的建议.交通环保,1995,16(3)：22-25.
[15]张光玉,詹水芬,张斌斌等.秦皇岛煤炭堆场防风网建设可行性研究.天津：交通部天津水运工程科学研究所,2006.
[16]郭辉.防风网遮蔽效果研究(硕士学位论文).大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[17]陈廷国等.国投京唐港防风网研究报告.大连：大连理工大学,报告2008.
[18]张文生,戴财生等.京唐港3000万吨煤炭泊位(32#-34#)工程初步设计.天津：中交第一航务勘察设计院,2006.
[19]李亚娟,张光玉等.京唐港3000万吨煤炭泊位(32#-34#)工程环境影响报告书.天津：交通部天津水运工程科学研究所,2005.
[20]GB／T15432-1995,环境空气总悬浮颗粒物的测定.北京：中国标准出版社,1995
[21]梁红叶.煤场扬尘机理及相关对策.辽宁城乡环境科技,2007,27(1)：15-16.
[22]K. G. Ranga Raju, R. J.Garde, S. K. Singh, M. Singh. Experinental study on characteristics of flow past porous fences, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn,1988, (29)156-163.
[23]李立新,张咏冰.挡风抑尘墙对粉尘污染的防治.环境保护,2005,5：37-39.
[24]YARAGAL SC, RAM HSG, MURTHY KK. An experimental investigation of flow fields downstream of solid and porous fences. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn,1997,66(2): 127-140.
[25]陈廷国等.防风网防风效果风洞试验研究.辽宁师范大学学报.2008.10.
[26]GB／T15265-1994,环境空气中降尘的测定.北京：中国标准出版社,1994