基于LED的NaI（T1）闪烁γ谱仪稳谱技术研究
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摘要
在NaI(T1)闪烁体γ能谱仪中,很多的测量都是长时间的测量,由于外界因素如温度的影响,引起零点和增益变化,从而造成能谱漂移,为了保证仪器长时间测量的稳定性,必须进行稳谱。
本文介绍了常用的通过内置参考源稳谱的NaI(T1)闪烁体γ能谱仪的稳谱原理,探讨了内置参考源稳谱的不足,跟踪国外先进的稳谱方法,利用LED代替稳峰参考源,通过稳定LED发出的光在谱仪中所得到的峰位,来达到稳谱的目的。
本研究针对LED代替稳峰参考源,主要作了以下几个方面的工作:①LED的选择。使用精密脉冲发生器,通过实验选取与光电倍增管匹配的LED:在同样的实验条件下,利用不同颜色的LED,通过实验,比较这几种LED发出的光和光电倍增管的谱响应匹配情况,从中选出匹配最好的LED。②设计LED驱动电路,使LED脉冲源的脉冲宽度、强度、频率等可以方便地改变,从而得到较理想的LED参考峰,达到稳峰效果。③进行LED和内置241Am参考源的能量分辨率对比实验,得到LED参考峰的能量分辨率比内置241Am参考源的能量分辨率好二十多倍。
本研究通过稳定LED发出的光在谱仪中所得到的峰位而达到稳谱效果,该装置简便易行,其使用可以有效地增加测量寻参考峰的精确度。
In NaI(Tl) scintillation Gamma-ray spectrometer, many of the measurement time is long. Due to external factors such as temperature, and caused zero point and gain changes, resulting spectrum drift.In order to ensure that measurement equipment long stability, there is the need for stability spectrum.
This paper introduces the commonly used by the built-in reference sources stability spectrum of NaI(Tl) scintillation Gamma-ray spectrometer stability spectrum principle,discussion on the built-in reference sources stability spectrum of inadequate, tracking foreign advanced to the stability spectrum, using LED instead of steady-reference source by stabilizing the LED optical spectrometer in which the peak, in order to achieve stabilization purposes.
This study of LED instead of steady reference source, made the following main aspects :①LED choices. Using Precision pulse generator, through experiments with the selection of LED matched photomultiplier tubes: In the same experimental conditions, use different colors of LED, through experiment, comparing these types of LED light and the photomultiplier tube spectral response of the match, and there were matching the best LED.②LED drive circuit design, LED pulse source pulse width, intensity, frequency, etc. can be easily changed. Hence an ideal reference peak LED achieve stability peak effect.③For LED and built-in reference sources 241Am energy resolution of the experiments, LED reference to be the peak energy resolution over the 241Am built-in reference sources in the energy resolution of better than 20 times.
By studying the stability of the LED optical spectrometer in which the peaks reached stabilization effect. The device is user-friendly and can be effectively used to increase the measurement reference searching peak precision.
本文介绍了常用的通过内置参考源稳谱的NaI(T1)闪烁体γ能谱仪的稳谱原理,探讨了内置参考源稳谱的不足,跟踪国外先进的稳谱方法,利用LED代替稳峰参考源,通过稳定LED发出的光在谱仪中所得到的峰位,来达到稳谱的目的。
本研究针对LED代替稳峰参考源,主要作了以下几个方面的工作:①LED的选择。使用精密脉冲发生器,通过实验选取与光电倍增管匹配的LED:在同样的实验条件下,利用不同颜色的LED,通过实验,比较这几种LED发出的光和光电倍增管的谱响应匹配情况,从中选出匹配最好的LED。②设计LED驱动电路,使LED脉冲源的脉冲宽度、强度、频率等可以方便地改变,从而得到较理想的LED参考峰,达到稳峰效果。③进行LED和内置241Am参考源的能量分辨率对比实验,得到LED参考峰的能量分辨率比内置241Am参考源的能量分辨率好二十多倍。
本研究通过稳定LED发出的光在谱仪中所得到的峰位而达到稳谱效果,该装置简便易行,其使用可以有效地增加测量寻参考峰的精确度。
In NaI(Tl) scintillation Gamma-ray spectrometer, many of the measurement time is long. Due to external factors such as temperature, and caused zero point and gain changes, resulting spectrum drift.In order to ensure that measurement equipment long stability, there is the need for stability spectrum.
This paper introduces the commonly used by the built-in reference sources stability spectrum of NaI(Tl) scintillation Gamma-ray spectrometer stability spectrum principle,discussion on the built-in reference sources stability spectrum of inadequate, tracking foreign advanced to the stability spectrum, using LED instead of steady-reference source by stabilizing the LED optical spectrometer in which the peak, in order to achieve stabilization purposes.
This study of LED instead of steady reference source, made the following main aspects :①LED choices. Using Precision pulse generator, through experiments with the selection of LED matched photomultiplier tubes: In the same experimental conditions, use different colors of LED, through experiment, comparing these types of LED light and the photomultiplier tube spectral response of the match, and there were matching the best LED.②LED drive circuit design, LED pulse source pulse width, intensity, frequency, etc. can be easily changed. Hence an ideal reference peak LED achieve stability peak effect.③For LED and built-in reference sources 241Am energy resolution of the experiments, LED reference to be the peak energy resolution over the 241Am built-in reference sources in the energy resolution of better than 20 times.
By studying the stability of the LED optical spectrometer in which the peaks reached stabilization effect. The device is user-friendly and can be effectively used to increase the measurement reference searching peak precision.
引文
[1]屈国普,凌球,郭兰英,等.NaI(Tl)闪烁谱仪谱漂移原因分析. 南华大学学报(自然科学版).2005 年 3 月,19(1):47-50.
[2]凌球,郭兰英.核辐射探测.北京:原子能出版社,2002 年 12 月
[3]屈国普,凌球,郭兰英,等.13N 监测仪的稳谱技术研究. 核技术.2005,28(7):561-563.
[4]陈坚祯,郭兰英,凌球,屈国普,等.NaI(Tl) γ谱的计算机稳峰技术. 原子能科学技术.2005,39(3):266-269.
[5]M. B?ttcher, W. D. Brewer, E. Klein.A simple method for the stabilization of scintillation detectors, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research,Volume 206,Issues 1-2,15 February 1983,Pages 177-181.
[6]W. A. Metwally ,R. P. Gardner .Stabilization of prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) spectra from NaI detectors .Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 525, Issue 3, 11 June 2004, Pages 518-521.
[7]Martin J P , Zeilger R A. Computer code for on-line peak stabilization[J].Nuclear instruments and methods , 1978,153(3):489-492.
[8]W. L. Reiter, G. Stengl. A blue light emitting diode used as a reference element in scintillation spectrometers,Nuclear Instruments and Methods,Volume 180, Issue 1, 15 February 1981, Pages 105-107.
[9]J. S. Kapustinsky, R. M. DeVries, N. J. DiGiacomo, W. E. Sondheim J. W. Sunier.A fast timing light pulser for scintillation detectors,Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 241, Issue 2-3, 1 December 1985, Pages 612-613.
[10]W. L. Reiter , G. Stengl.A long term stable reference light source using LEDs for stabilization of scintillation spectrometers,Nuclea Instruments and Methods,Volume 173, Issue 2, 1 July 1980, Pages 275-282.
[11]W. L. Reiter, G. Stengl. A stabilizing system for scintillation spectrometers with a light emitting diode and a pin photodiode,Nuclear Instruments and Methods,Volume 169, Issue 3, 1 March 1980, Pages 469-476.
[12]V.A. Batarin, J. Butler, A.M. Davidenko, A.A. Derevschikov, Y.M. Goncharenko, V.N. Grishin, V.A. Kachanov, V.Y. Khodyrev, A.S. Konstantinov, V.A. Kormilitsin et al.Design and performance of LED calibration system prototype for the lead tungstate crystal calorimeter .Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 556, Issue 1, 1 January 2006, Pages 94-99.
[13]A. Fyodorov, M. Korzhik, A. Lopatik and O. Missevitch .LED light pulser for high precision monitoring of the scintillation calorimeter energy scale .Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. Volume 413, Issues 2-3 , 21 August 1998, Pages 352-356.
[14]许泽鹏.电子技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004 年 1 月
[15]复旦大学,清华大学,北京大学合编.原子核物理实验方法.北京:原子能出版社,1981 年 4 月
[16]王成来,姜婷,张新江. 核辐射探测器性能测试系统.石油仪器.2003 年 10 月,17(5):15-17.
[17]周建斌.全谱测量中的一种计算机稳谱方法,核电子学与探测技术.1998,18(3):235-237.
[18]张彪,董晨,赵志明.H-90A 微机γ能谱仪.CNIC-00887,BRIUG-0017:核电子学与探测技术.2004 年 1 月,24(1):37-40.
[19]吴永鹏,赖万昌,葛良全,等.多道伽马能谱仪中的特征峰稳谱技术.2003 年 4月,27(2):131-134.
[20]魏彪,贾文懿.一种重写谱数据文件的计算机稳谱技术研究.1998 年 2月,22(1):67-70.
[21]戴光曦.实验原子核物理学.北京:原子能出版社,1995 年 6 月
[22]汲长松.核辐射探测器及其实验技术手册[M]. 北京:原子能出版社,1989
[23]汲长松.我国非动力核技术工业应用仪器的发展过程与趋势.同位素.2005 年 8月,18(1-2):123-125.
[24]张健雄,张进,姚洪略. 一种便携式天然伽马能谱测量仪及其稳谱原理. 核技术.2005,28(8):637-640.
[25]盛锦华,阴泽杰.核辐射剂量场实时成像测量系统的研究,电子学报. 1999,12(27):116-118.
[26]袁明,陆士立,焦仓文,等.HDP-4型四道γ能谱仪,地理物理学进展.2005年6月,20(2):412-416.
[27]刘磊,陆坤.精矿品位在线自动检测系统的研制及应用.成都理工学院学报.1995年 4 月,22(2):109-113.
[28]赖万昌,葛良全,吴永鹏,等.新型便携式微机多道γ能谱仪的研制.核电子学与探测技术.2004 年 1 月,24(1):37-40.
[29]张明虎,金良安,王孝通,等.一种新型低功耗便携式核辐射检测仪.核电子学与探测技术.2004 年 3 月,24(2):196-198.
[30]朱景良,方方,赵恒,等.一种新型伽玛辐射检测仪的研制和应用.物探化探计算技术.2004 年 5 月,26(2):141-144.
[31]李欣年,方晓明.锗酸铋闪烁体快中子辐照硬度的γ能谱研究.核技术.2004 年 8月,27(8):581-585.
[32]J.Nissil?, M. Karppinen, K. Ryts?l?, J. Oila, K. Saarinen, P. Hautoj?rvi.The stabilization of a positron lifetime spectrometer with a high-accuracy time reference.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A[M] .2001.527–537
[33]任晓荣.Na(T1)闪烁探测器测量 r 射线的性能分析.传感器世界[J].2004.(1):21-26
[34]吴永康.工业核仪器应用中的闪烁探测器.核电子学与探测技术[J].2001.(5):413-415
[35]刘立业,马吉增,李君立,潘红娟.用蒙特卡罗方法研究塑料闪烁探测器厚度对测量 H‘(0.07)能量响应的影响[J]。辐射防护.2005.(3):178-187
[36]陈家凤,李文恩.可调式红外 LED 光源驱动电路的设计[J].中低压电器技术.2005.7:64-67
[37]张效军,毛俊华.光纤 LED 驱动电路的设计.无线电通信技术[J].2000.(5):37-39
[38]程江华,谢剑斌,丁文霞,闫玮.白光 LED 电源驱动电路的设计与实现.电子技术[J].2005.8:51-53
[39]陈汉汛,倪尔东,刘利.LED 驱动电路及在车用光源设计中的应用[J].武汉理工大学学报.2005.(1):67-69
[2]凌球,郭兰英.核辐射探测.北京:原子能出版社,2002 年 12 月
[3]屈国普,凌球,郭兰英,等.13N 监测仪的稳谱技术研究. 核技术.2005,28(7):561-563.
[4]陈坚祯,郭兰英,凌球,屈国普,等.NaI(Tl) γ谱的计算机稳峰技术. 原子能科学技术.2005,39(3):266-269.
[5]M. B?ttcher, W. D. Brewer, E. Klein.A simple method for the stabilization of scintillation detectors, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research,Volume 206,Issues 1-2,15 February 1983,Pages 177-181.
[6]W. A. Metwally ,R. P. Gardner .Stabilization of prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) spectra from NaI detectors .Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 525, Issue 3, 11 June 2004, Pages 518-521.
[7]Martin J P , Zeilger R A. Computer code for on-line peak stabilization[J].Nuclear instruments and methods , 1978,153(3):489-492.
[8]W. L. Reiter, G. Stengl. A blue light emitting diode used as a reference element in scintillation spectrometers,Nuclear Instruments and Methods,Volume 180, Issue 1, 15 February 1981, Pages 105-107.
[9]J. S. Kapustinsky, R. M. DeVries, N. J. DiGiacomo, W. E. Sondheim J. W. Sunier.A fast timing light pulser for scintillation detectors,Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 241, Issue 2-3, 1 December 1985, Pages 612-613.
[10]W. L. Reiter , G. Stengl.A long term stable reference light source using LEDs for stabilization of scintillation spectrometers,Nuclea Instruments and Methods,Volume 173, Issue 2, 1 July 1980, Pages 275-282.
[11]W. L. Reiter, G. Stengl. A stabilizing system for scintillation spectrometers with a light emitting diode and a pin photodiode,Nuclear Instruments and Methods,Volume 169, Issue 3, 1 March 1980, Pages 469-476.
[12]V.A. Batarin, J. Butler, A.M. Davidenko, A.A. Derevschikov, Y.M. Goncharenko, V.N. Grishin, V.A. Kachanov, V.Y. Khodyrev, A.S. Konstantinov, V.A. Kormilitsin et al.Design and performance of LED calibration system prototype for the lead tungstate crystal calorimeter .Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 556, Issue 1, 1 January 2006, Pages 94-99.
[13]A. Fyodorov, M. Korzhik, A. Lopatik and O. Missevitch .LED light pulser for high precision monitoring of the scintillation calorimeter energy scale .Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. Volume 413, Issues 2-3 , 21 August 1998, Pages 352-356.
[14]许泽鹏.电子技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004 年 1 月
[15]复旦大学,清华大学,北京大学合编.原子核物理实验方法.北京:原子能出版社,1981 年 4 月
[16]王成来,姜婷,张新江. 核辐射探测器性能测试系统.石油仪器.2003 年 10 月,17(5):15-17.
[17]周建斌.全谱测量中的一种计算机稳谱方法,核电子学与探测技术.1998,18(3):235-237.
[18]张彪,董晨,赵志明.H-90A 微机γ能谱仪.CNIC-00887,BRIUG-0017:核电子学与探测技术.2004 年 1 月,24(1):37-40.
[19]吴永鹏,赖万昌,葛良全,等.多道伽马能谱仪中的特征峰稳谱技术.2003 年 4月,27(2):131-134.
[20]魏彪,贾文懿.一种重写谱数据文件的计算机稳谱技术研究.1998 年 2月,22(1):67-70.
[21]戴光曦.实验原子核物理学.北京:原子能出版社,1995 年 6 月
[22]汲长松.核辐射探测器及其实验技术手册[M]. 北京:原子能出版社,1989
[23]汲长松.我国非动力核技术工业应用仪器的发展过程与趋势.同位素.2005 年 8月,18(1-2):123-125.
[24]张健雄,张进,姚洪略. 一种便携式天然伽马能谱测量仪及其稳谱原理. 核技术.2005,28(8):637-640.
[25]盛锦华,阴泽杰.核辐射剂量场实时成像测量系统的研究,电子学报. 1999,12(27):116-118.
[26]袁明,陆士立,焦仓文,等.HDP-4型四道γ能谱仪,地理物理学进展.2005年6月,20(2):412-416.
[27]刘磊,陆坤.精矿品位在线自动检测系统的研制及应用.成都理工学院学报.1995年 4 月,22(2):109-113.
[28]赖万昌,葛良全,吴永鹏,等.新型便携式微机多道γ能谱仪的研制.核电子学与探测技术.2004 年 1 月,24(1):37-40.
[29]张明虎,金良安,王孝通,等.一种新型低功耗便携式核辐射检测仪.核电子学与探测技术.2004 年 3 月,24(2):196-198.
[30]朱景良,方方,赵恒,等.一种新型伽玛辐射检测仪的研制和应用.物探化探计算技术.2004 年 5 月,26(2):141-144.
[31]李欣年,方晓明.锗酸铋闪烁体快中子辐照硬度的γ能谱研究.核技术.2004 年 8月,27(8):581-585.
[32]J.Nissil?, M. Karppinen, K. Ryts?l?, J. Oila, K. Saarinen, P. Hautoj?rvi.The stabilization of a positron lifetime spectrometer with a high-accuracy time reference.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A[M] .2001.527–537
[33]任晓荣.Na(T1)闪烁探测器测量 r 射线的性能分析.传感器世界[J].2004.(1):21-26
[34]吴永康.工业核仪器应用中的闪烁探测器.核电子学与探测技术[J].2001.(5):413-415
[35]刘立业,马吉增,李君立,潘红娟.用蒙特卡罗方法研究塑料闪烁探测器厚度对测量 H‘(0.07)能量响应的影响[J]。辐射防护.2005.(3):178-187
[36]陈家凤,李文恩.可调式红外 LED 光源驱动电路的设计[J].中低压电器技术.2005.7:64-67
[37]张效军,毛俊华.光纤 LED 驱动电路的设计.无线电通信技术[J].2000.(5):37-39
[38]程江华,谢剑斌,丁文霞,闫玮.白光 LED 电源驱动电路的设计与实现.电子技术[J].2005.8:51-53
[39]陈汉汛,倪尔东,刘利.LED 驱动电路及在车用光源设计中的应用[J].武汉理工大学学报.2005.(1):67-69