并行工程在手机产品开发过程中的应用研究
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摘要
随着全球化经济的迅速发展,国内外手机企业的竞争也是越来越激烈。企业如何缩短手机研制与开发周期(Time, T)、降低成本(Cost, C)、提高质量(Quality, Q)、优化服务(Service, S),己成为企业在激烈的市场竞争中求得生存,并得以发展的核心和急待解决的关键问题。本文在分析手机开发流程、并行工程以及产品开发过程建模、过程分析与优化方法的基础上,对并行工程在手机开发过程中的应用进行了研究。
本文首先对手机产品开发模式的演变进行了分析,指出了传统开发模式的不足之处,并在阐述并行工程相关理论的基础上,提出对串行手机开发过程进行改进,同时给出了改进后的手机产品并行设计开发过程流程图。
为了更好地分析改进后的手机开发过程,论文对开发过程进行了建模,同时针对有向图以及设计结构矩阵过程建模的优劣之处,即有向图能够表达任务间的先后顺序关系,但不能表明这个关系的强弱,不利于对活动的解耦,而设计结构矩阵能表达耦合任务之间的联系,而不能反映联系的强弱,本文以任务之间联系的可变度和敏感度为指标,采用专家打分法,对有向图进行扩展,并构造数值设计结构矩阵,且在此基础上提出了基于扩展有向图与数值设计结构矩阵相结合的手机产品开发过程建模方法,并给出了具体的过程建模步骤。
在过程建模的基础上,本文对手机开发过程进行了分析与规划,并详细讨论了具体的分析步骤,包括对开发活动进行任务分解与重组,以及运用图论与矩阵的知识对耦合活动集进行识别确定以及解耦操作。同时针对手机开发过程中时间和成本的限制,提出了基于遗传算法的手机开发过程多目标优化,并通过编程得到了优化的开发活动顺序及总时间和总成本。最后本文结合具体实例进行了分析,并将理论得到的结果与改进前后实际结果进行了对比,分析表明改进后的手机开发过程比原来的设计过程在时间和成本以及设计质量上都有很大的改进,从而说明基于并行工程的手机产品开发过程更优化更有效。
With the fast development of economy, the competition among mobile phone enterprises home and abroad has become more and more intense. How to reduce the development cycle and cost of mobile phone, and improve the quality of product design and service is the aim of the enterprises. On the basis of analysis of mobile phone development process, concurrent engineering(CE), and the method for process modeling, process analysis and process optimization of product development, the application of CE in mobile phone development process is researched in this dissertation.
At beginning, the evolution of mobile phone development mode is depicted, and the deficiency of the traditional development mode is pointed out. And based on the theory of CE,to improve the traditional serial development process is put forward, and concurrent design flow chart after improved is given in this dissertation.
In order to analysis the improved development process, process modeling is set up. To compensate the disadvantages and make use of the advantages of directed graph and design structure matrix (DSM) in modeling, that is the design sequence can be represented in directed graph, but the degree of relevance of activities cannot be expressed which go against the decoupling of activities, while DSM can explain the relationship of coupling activities, but not reflect the degree of coupling, the expert scoring method is adopted to extend directed graph and construct numerical design structure matrix (NDSM) according to the guideline of variety and sensitivity. After this analysis, the modeling method of extended directed graph combined with NDSM is proposed, and the concrete modeling procedures are given.
Based on the process modeling, process analysis and planning is carried out in this dissertation, and concrete analysis steps are discussed in detail, including task decomposition, the identification and determination Coupled Task Set as well as decoupling operation. Aiming at the limit of time and cost during the development process, based on genetic algorithm multi-objective optimization is used, and by the way of programming, optimized result is got. At last an example is applied in this dissertation and according to the comparison among theoretical results and practical results before and after improvement which shows that the improved development process is better than before both on time and cost, as well as design quality. And this also shows that on the basis of CE mobile phone development process is more optimized and effective.
本文首先对手机产品开发模式的演变进行了分析,指出了传统开发模式的不足之处,并在阐述并行工程相关理论的基础上,提出对串行手机开发过程进行改进,同时给出了改进后的手机产品并行设计开发过程流程图。
为了更好地分析改进后的手机开发过程,论文对开发过程进行了建模,同时针对有向图以及设计结构矩阵过程建模的优劣之处,即有向图能够表达任务间的先后顺序关系,但不能表明这个关系的强弱,不利于对活动的解耦,而设计结构矩阵能表达耦合任务之间的联系,而不能反映联系的强弱,本文以任务之间联系的可变度和敏感度为指标,采用专家打分法,对有向图进行扩展,并构造数值设计结构矩阵,且在此基础上提出了基于扩展有向图与数值设计结构矩阵相结合的手机产品开发过程建模方法,并给出了具体的过程建模步骤。
在过程建模的基础上,本文对手机开发过程进行了分析与规划,并详细讨论了具体的分析步骤,包括对开发活动进行任务分解与重组,以及运用图论与矩阵的知识对耦合活动集进行识别确定以及解耦操作。同时针对手机开发过程中时间和成本的限制,提出了基于遗传算法的手机开发过程多目标优化,并通过编程得到了优化的开发活动顺序及总时间和总成本。最后本文结合具体实例进行了分析,并将理论得到的结果与改进前后实际结果进行了对比,分析表明改进后的手机开发过程比原来的设计过程在时间和成本以及设计质量上都有很大的改进,从而说明基于并行工程的手机产品开发过程更优化更有效。
With the fast development of economy, the competition among mobile phone enterprises home and abroad has become more and more intense. How to reduce the development cycle and cost of mobile phone, and improve the quality of product design and service is the aim of the enterprises. On the basis of analysis of mobile phone development process, concurrent engineering(CE), and the method for process modeling, process analysis and process optimization of product development, the application of CE in mobile phone development process is researched in this dissertation.
At beginning, the evolution of mobile phone development mode is depicted, and the deficiency of the traditional development mode is pointed out. And based on the theory of CE,to improve the traditional serial development process is put forward, and concurrent design flow chart after improved is given in this dissertation.
In order to analysis the improved development process, process modeling is set up. To compensate the disadvantages and make use of the advantages of directed graph and design structure matrix (DSM) in modeling, that is the design sequence can be represented in directed graph, but the degree of relevance of activities cannot be expressed which go against the decoupling of activities, while DSM can explain the relationship of coupling activities, but not reflect the degree of coupling, the expert scoring method is adopted to extend directed graph and construct numerical design structure matrix (NDSM) according to the guideline of variety and sensitivity. After this analysis, the modeling method of extended directed graph combined with NDSM is proposed, and the concrete modeling procedures are given.
Based on the process modeling, process analysis and planning is carried out in this dissertation, and concrete analysis steps are discussed in detail, including task decomposition, the identification and determination Coupled Task Set as well as decoupling operation. Aiming at the limit of time and cost during the development process, based on genetic algorithm multi-objective optimization is used, and by the way of programming, optimized result is got. At last an example is applied in this dissertation and according to the comparison among theoretical results and practical results before and after improvement which shows that the improved development process is better than before both on time and cost, as well as design quality. And this also shows that on the basis of CE mobile phone development process is more optimized and effective.
引文
[1]王志勇.联想手机的竞争战略与策略.西北工业大学硕士论文,2005年4月
[2]刘官华,周清华.中国手机设计产业发展剖析[J].Industry Trends:43-45
[3]丁淑辉.并行产品开发工程与知识管理系统研究与实现.山东科技大学硕士论文,2004年5月
[4]范李,刘启珊.并行工程在汽车产品开发设计中的运用[J].工艺装备,2007,(2):18
[5]熊光楞主编.并行工程的理论与实践[M].清华大学出版社,2001年5月
[6]韩先虎.诺基亚公司技术创新研究.华东师范大学硕士论文,2005年5月
[7]赵新军.波导公司手机产品竞争战略研究.西安理工大学硕士论文,2002年2月
[8]柴邦衡,陈卫等.设计控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001年3月
[9] Concurrent Engineering Research Center of West Virginia University(CERC, WVU) http://www.cerc.wvu.edu/cercdocs/CE_bibliography-1987-91
[10]孟明辰,韩向利.并行设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999年
[11]钱晓明.面向并行工程的产品开发过程关键技术研究.南京航空航天大学博士学位论文,2004年6月
[12]陈灿辉.并行设计过程建模方法研究及其在导弹设计中的应用[J].江南航天科技,2001年12月(4):1-2
[13]王玉,邢渊,阮雪榆.设计过程信息建模及重组[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2002年2月,8(2):111-114
[14]胡长建,郑力,李志忠等.设计过程信息建模及重组集成框架研究[J].中国机械工程,2003年10月,14(20):1748-1749
[15]董明,查建中,郭伟.并行工程中的任务组织[J].系统工程理论与实践,1996年8月,(8):69-78,95
[16]王克勤.产品设计过程的进度管理研究.西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2004年3月
[17]孙兆洋.并行产品开发过程分析与优化方法的研究.山东科技大学硕士学位论文,2005年5月
[18] M. Carrascosa. Product Development Timing and Cost Analysis Using Information Flow Modeling. Ph. D Dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, 1999
[19] Steven D, Eppinger. Using the DSM to Estimate Product Development Time. ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences 1998.11, Atlanta, Georgia,USA
[20] Peter Ronemyr,Anna Ohrwall Ronnback.A decision support tool for predicting theimpact of development process improvements.Journal of Engineering Design,2001,Vol.12(3):177-199
[21] Hammer M, Champy J. Reengineering the Corporation. ISBN 0-88730-640-3, Hprper Business, 1993
[22]张承谦,胡苗结.基于流程再造的产品开发设计管理模式研究[J].合肥工业大学学报,20(1):51-52
[23]胡伟峰.产品设计中工业设计与工程技术设计衔接过程研究.湖南大学硕士学位论文,2005年5月
[24]张玲玲.产品开发过程中的任务管理.西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2006年3月
[25] Xiu-Tian Yan,Fayyaz Rehman,Conrad Pace.Product modelling and visualisation[M].XI AN:Northwestern Polytechnical University press,2008.3
[26] K.B.Clark,T.Fujimoto.Product development performance:Strategy,Organization and Management in the world auto industry.Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 1991
[27] London C.G.Miller.Concurrent engineering design:Integrating the best practices for process improvement.Society of Manufacturing Engineering, Dearborn, Michigan,1993
[28]张有新,张国军.基于DSM的产品设计过程建模研究[J].机械设计与制造,2006年3月,(3):122
[29]宁汝新等.产品开发集成技术[M],北京二兵器工业出版社,2000年
[30]张东民,廖文和,罗衍领.基于设计结构矩阵的设计过程建模研究[J].应用科学学报,2004年12月,22(4):518
[31]汤廷孝,廖文和,黄翔等.产品设计过程建模及重组[J].华南理工大学学报,2006年2月,34(2):41-42
[32]张先迪,李正良主编.图论及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005年2月
[33]王爱虎,杨曼丽.基于设计结构矩阵的过程系统优化方法[J].工业工程,2005年11月,8(6):72-73
[34] BROWNING T. Applying the design structure matrix to system decomposition and integration problems:a review and new directions[J].IEEE Transactions on engineering management,2001,48(3):292-306
[35] Eppinger S D,WhitneyD E,SmithR P,et al.A model-based method for organizing tasks in product development[J].Research in Engineering Design,1994,6(l):l-13
[36] Pimmler T U, Eppinger S D. Integration analysis of product decompositions. In Proceedings of the ASME Sixth Intenrational Conference on Design Theory and Methodology, Minneapolis,MN,Sept 1994
[37] PimmlerT U,Eppinger S D. MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, Working Paper no.3690-94-MS,1994
[38] McCord K R, Eppinger S D.Managing the integration problem in concurrent No.3594, engineering. MIT Sloan School of Management, Cmabridge, MA, Working Paper,1993
[39] Black, Thomas A., Fine, Charles H., and Sachs, Emanuel M. AMethod for Systems MIT Design Using Precedence Relationships: An Application to Automotive Brake Systems. Sloan School of Management, Cmabridge, MA, Working Paper no.3208, 1990.2
[40]何家勇,刘伟,徐晓刚等.设计迭代管理策略的分析[J].重庆大学学报,2002年6月,25(6):13-15
[41]陈洪娜.基于任务的产品设计过程管理研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2005年12月
[42] Eppinger S D, Whitney D E, Smith R P. A model-based method for organizing tasks in product development [J].Research in Engineering Design,1994(6): 1-13
[43] Yassine A, Falkenburg D, Chelst K. Engineering design management: an information structure approach [J]. International Journal of Production Research, 1999, 37(13): 2957-2975
[44]刘勇,陶振武,肖人彬.基于结构建模方法的复杂产品设计过程规划[J].机械与电子,2007,(7):5
[45]吴文泷主编.图论基础及应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1983年
[46]陈国良,王煦法,庄镇泉等编著.遗传算法及其应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1996年
[47]陈文清.遗传算法综述[J]. Journal of Luoyang Technology College, 2003,13(1):56
[48]刘立平,牛熠.遗传算法综述[J].东莞理工学院学报,2005,12(3):48
[49]玄光男,程润伟.遗传算法与工程优化[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004年
[50]刘慧颖编著.MATLAB R2006a[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007年5月
[51]姚咏,熊光楞,范文慧.产品开发过程智能化分析与改进[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004年8月,10(8):886-890
[52]盛海涛,魏法杰.设计结构矩阵优化算法的研究与比较[J].计算机集成制造系统,2007年7月,13(7):1256-1257
[53]姚咏,熊光楞,范文慧等.基于PDM的产品开发过程智能化分析与改进[J].中国机械工程, 2004年1O月,15(2O):1858-1859
[2]刘官华,周清华.中国手机设计产业发展剖析[J].Industry Trends:43-45
[3]丁淑辉.并行产品开发工程与知识管理系统研究与实现.山东科技大学硕士论文,2004年5月
[4]范李,刘启珊.并行工程在汽车产品开发设计中的运用[J].工艺装备,2007,(2):18
[5]熊光楞主编.并行工程的理论与实践[M].清华大学出版社,2001年5月
[6]韩先虎.诺基亚公司技术创新研究.华东师范大学硕士论文,2005年5月
[7]赵新军.波导公司手机产品竞争战略研究.西安理工大学硕士论文,2002年2月
[8]柴邦衡,陈卫等.设计控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001年3月
[9] Concurrent Engineering Research Center of West Virginia University(CERC, WVU) http://www.cerc.wvu.edu/cercdocs/CE_bibliography-1987-91
[10]孟明辰,韩向利.并行设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999年
[11]钱晓明.面向并行工程的产品开发过程关键技术研究.南京航空航天大学博士学位论文,2004年6月
[12]陈灿辉.并行设计过程建模方法研究及其在导弹设计中的应用[J].江南航天科技,2001年12月(4):1-2
[13]王玉,邢渊,阮雪榆.设计过程信息建模及重组[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2002年2月,8(2):111-114
[14]胡长建,郑力,李志忠等.设计过程信息建模及重组集成框架研究[J].中国机械工程,2003年10月,14(20):1748-1749
[15]董明,查建中,郭伟.并行工程中的任务组织[J].系统工程理论与实践,1996年8月,(8):69-78,95
[16]王克勤.产品设计过程的进度管理研究.西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2004年3月
[17]孙兆洋.并行产品开发过程分析与优化方法的研究.山东科技大学硕士学位论文,2005年5月
[18] M. Carrascosa. Product Development Timing and Cost Analysis Using Information Flow Modeling. Ph. D Dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, 1999
[19] Steven D, Eppinger. Using the DSM to Estimate Product Development Time. ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences 1998.11, Atlanta, Georgia,USA
[20] Peter Ronemyr,Anna Ohrwall Ronnback.A decision support tool for predicting theimpact of development process improvements.Journal of Engineering Design,2001,Vol.12(3):177-199
[21] Hammer M, Champy J. Reengineering the Corporation. ISBN 0-88730-640-3, Hprper Business, 1993
[22]张承谦,胡苗结.基于流程再造的产品开发设计管理模式研究[J].合肥工业大学学报,20(1):51-52
[23]胡伟峰.产品设计中工业设计与工程技术设计衔接过程研究.湖南大学硕士学位论文,2005年5月
[24]张玲玲.产品开发过程中的任务管理.西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2006年3月
[25] Xiu-Tian Yan,Fayyaz Rehman,Conrad Pace.Product modelling and visualisation[M].XI AN:Northwestern Polytechnical University press,2008.3
[26] K.B.Clark,T.Fujimoto.Product development performance:Strategy,Organization and Management in the world auto industry.Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 1991
[27] London C.G.Miller.Concurrent engineering design:Integrating the best practices for process improvement.Society of Manufacturing Engineering, Dearborn, Michigan,1993
[28]张有新,张国军.基于DSM的产品设计过程建模研究[J].机械设计与制造,2006年3月,(3):122
[29]宁汝新等.产品开发集成技术[M],北京二兵器工业出版社,2000年
[30]张东民,廖文和,罗衍领.基于设计结构矩阵的设计过程建模研究[J].应用科学学报,2004年12月,22(4):518
[31]汤廷孝,廖文和,黄翔等.产品设计过程建模及重组[J].华南理工大学学报,2006年2月,34(2):41-42
[32]张先迪,李正良主编.图论及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005年2月
[33]王爱虎,杨曼丽.基于设计结构矩阵的过程系统优化方法[J].工业工程,2005年11月,8(6):72-73
[34] BROWNING T. Applying the design structure matrix to system decomposition and integration problems:a review and new directions[J].IEEE Transactions on engineering management,2001,48(3):292-306
[35] Eppinger S D,WhitneyD E,SmithR P,et al.A model-based method for organizing tasks in product development[J].Research in Engineering Design,1994,6(l):l-13
[36] Pimmler T U, Eppinger S D. Integration analysis of product decompositions. In Proceedings of the ASME Sixth Intenrational Conference on Design Theory and Methodology, Minneapolis,MN,Sept 1994
[37] PimmlerT U,Eppinger S D. MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, Working Paper no.3690-94-MS,1994
[38] McCord K R, Eppinger S D.Managing the integration problem in concurrent No.3594, engineering. MIT Sloan School of Management, Cmabridge, MA, Working Paper,1993
[39] Black, Thomas A., Fine, Charles H., and Sachs, Emanuel M. AMethod for Systems MIT Design Using Precedence Relationships: An Application to Automotive Brake Systems. Sloan School of Management, Cmabridge, MA, Working Paper no.3208, 1990.2
[40]何家勇,刘伟,徐晓刚等.设计迭代管理策略的分析[J].重庆大学学报,2002年6月,25(6):13-15
[41]陈洪娜.基于任务的产品设计过程管理研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2005年12月
[42] Eppinger S D, Whitney D E, Smith R P. A model-based method for organizing tasks in product development [J].Research in Engineering Design,1994(6): 1-13
[43] Yassine A, Falkenburg D, Chelst K. Engineering design management: an information structure approach [J]. International Journal of Production Research, 1999, 37(13): 2957-2975
[44]刘勇,陶振武,肖人彬.基于结构建模方法的复杂产品设计过程规划[J].机械与电子,2007,(7):5
[45]吴文泷主编.图论基础及应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1983年
[46]陈国良,王煦法,庄镇泉等编著.遗传算法及其应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1996年
[47]陈文清.遗传算法综述[J]. Journal of Luoyang Technology College, 2003,13(1):56
[48]刘立平,牛熠.遗传算法综述[J].东莞理工学院学报,2005,12(3):48
[49]玄光男,程润伟.遗传算法与工程优化[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004年
[50]刘慧颖编著.MATLAB R2006a[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007年5月
[51]姚咏,熊光楞,范文慧.产品开发过程智能化分析与改进[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004年8月,10(8):886-890
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