高速公路突发事件紧急救援关键技术研究
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摘要
随着我国高速公路通车里程的不断增加，国内高速公路已基本形成骨架网络，总规模己位于世界前列。高速公路行业的重点将从施工建设逐步转化为运营管理，如何保障高速公路安全、畅通、快捷、舒适成为关键。随着高速公路运营网络的日益完善，交通量快速增长，高速公路运营环境更加复杂，各种矛盾突出，给管理带来困难。高速公路突发事件的紧急救援系统是为了及时、有效地处理各种突发性交通事件，实现快速响应和紧急救助，以达到减少人员伤亡和经济损失的目的。紧急救援是高速公路管理的重要组成部分，对促进高速公路的可持续发展有重要意义。
高速公路紧急救援系统的研究涉及应急管理理论、灾害学、交通安全学、协同学、系统工程等复杂科学理论。论文从高速公路紧急救援的基本概念和整体流程框架入手，通过分析高速公路突发事件的形成原因，将交通事件按事故状态和严重程度进行了分类和分级，并探讨了高速公路突发事件紧急救援的响应机构及责任，分析了紧急救援的实施过程，明确了高速公路突发事件紧急救援的过程。在此基础上，改进了紧急救援联动组织体系，提出了联动机制的完善措施。此后，论文在分析信息监测点需求的，优化了信息采集点的布设层次和布局方法，进而提出了基于多层检测数据的高速公路突发事件自动检测方法。紧急救援资源点的布设是紧急救援顺利实施的基础，论文随后提出应用基于NSGA-II算法对限制条件下的多紧急救援出救点的布局进行了优化。为保证紧急救援的实施过程中，各紧急救援资源的效用最大化，论文建立了模拟退火算法来求解基于机会成本的紧急救援资源调度模型。为对高速公路紧急救援系统进行评价，论文建立了紧急救援系统的可靠性分析模型，并建立模型评价不同紧急救援方案实施过程下的风险/损失。为适应交通信息化、智能化的过程，论文建立了紧急救援系统的软件框架，为科学的做出决策和实施紧急救援提供依据。
论文首先将突发事件分为计划活动、轻微事故、重大事故、危险品倾覆、自然灾害、恐怖袭击及灾难等七类事故，明确了紧急救援相关职能部门的责任。在分析突发事件紧急救援流程的基础上，提出了高速公路联动组织指挥体系的构建和联动信息渠道的设计及完善方案。联动信息渠道设计以救援进程为线索，将一般事件的处理流程分为事件信息采集和通报、事件响应、到达现场实施交通管制、交通调查与实施救援、排障、养护等相关作业、结束管制与恢复交通和事故总结七个部分，明确救援各参与部门之间信息沟通的渠道和机制。
为快速有效的检测高速公路事件，论文将高速公路突发事件紧急救援的交通信息采集需求分为了三个层次，并建立了分阶段分层次的交通信息采集点布局模式。考虑到信息采集点建设时序及功能的不同，对信息采集点实施三级阶段性布局，根据OD反推、交通波理论与模糊聚类研究其布局模型，在总体布局的基础上应用多目标优化模型实现信息采集点布局的动态调整。在此基础上，论文进一步基于交通检测数据的交通事件自动识别算法，既可以作为现有突发事件信息的补充，也可为将来突发事件自动检测奠定基础。
根据高速公路突发事件紧急救援系统的目标，对救援系统中的救援资源配置和紧急救援资源调度这两个最关键的问题进行了深入研究。论文在分析高速公路突发事件紧急救援的救援点选址问题时，首先对单点和多个紧急救援服务设施选址问题进行建模，并建立了相应的选址优化求解算法。在此基础上，考虑实际突发事件紧急救援的特性，对限制条件下的紧急救援服务点选址问题进行了建模分析，并提出应用第二代多目标非支配排序遗传算法对模型进行求解。在分析紧急救援资源调度问题时，论文在回顾紧急救援资源调度算法的基础上，提出以广义救援成本作为紧急救援资源调度的考核指标，分别分析了以直接成本、潜在成本和机会成本为优化对象的紧急救援资源调度模型，指出了其建模思想主要在于是否考虑紧急救援过程中是否发生潜在事故。在此基础上，提出了应用模拟退火算法求解紧急资源调度模型的方法，并结合西安市高速公路网，在虚拟情景下给出了调度的算例。
为评价高速公路紧急救援的绩效，论文建立了紧急救援可靠性分析模型，明确了高速公路突发事件的紧急救援系统可靠性有救援系统本身的可靠性和所依托的交通网络的可靠性共同决定，并着重对救援时间的可靠性进行了分析。在此基础上，论文根据紧急救援可靠性的概念，分析了不同救援方案及实施效果可能带来的事故的风险和最终损失，可为紧急救援系统的评价奠定基础。
论文最后在分析高速公路突发事件紧急救援特性的基础上，建立了高速公路突发事件紧急救援系统的软件框架。论文在讨论紧急救援系统需求的基础上，讨论了紧急救援系统软件各部分之间的逻辑关系和层次，综合考虑高速公路网紧急救援联动机制、信息平台构建技术、救援资源配置与调度优化，危险品运输紧急救援等领域，建立了紧急救援系统的物理框架，并探讨了决策支持系统框架的建立途径。
The skeleton network of Chinese freeway is basically formed with the increasingof mileage, which makes the dimensions of freeway is larger than most countries allover the world. With the transform of key point from construction to operationmanagement, the freeway industry mainly focuses on how to protect highway safety,smooth, fast and comfortable. With the increasingly sophisticated freeway networkand rapid growth traffic volume, freeway operations is under a more complexenvironment, which makes it is difficult to manage. In order to deal with emergencyincident in a timely and effective manner, the highway emergency responding systemcan help the rescue staffs work efficiently to reduce casualties and economic losses.Emergency respond is an important part of the highway management, which isimportant to promote the sustainable development of highway system.
Freeway emergency respond system involving emergency management theory,disaster science, traffic safety, synergetic theories, systems engineering and othercomplex scientific theories. Starting with the basic concepts and framework of theoverall process, the emergency incident is classified with incident status and severityby analyzing the causes of the emergencies incident. The duty of highwayemergency response agencies and their working process were then analyzed to obtainthe procedure of freeway emergency response. An improved linkage organization ofthe emergency responding system and the linkage mechanism are proposed. Basedon the requirements of the emergency responding system, an optimization method forthe layout of information collection point and highway incidents automatic detectionmethod based on multi-layer detection data are proposed. The NSGA-II algorithm isthen applied to optimize the layout of emergency resources point at the limitationconditions. To maximize the effectiveness of emergency resources, a simulatedannealing algorithm is established to solve emergency resources scheduling modelbased on the opportunity cost. To evaluate the freeway emergency respondingsystem, the system reliability model is utilized to evaluate the risk/loss under theemergency program implementation process. The software framework for freewayemergency responding system is also established to adapt to the traffic informationintelligent process.
The emergency incident is divided into seven types to clear emergencydepartments’ responsibility, which is planning activities, minor accidents, majoraccidents, dangerous goods capsized, natural disasters, terrorist attacks and disasters.On the basis of the analysis of the process of the emergency emergencies, the highway linkage organization system and improved linkage information communicationchannels are designed. The process of emergency responding is utilized as the cluein the system. The process can be divided into information collection andnotification, incident response, arrived and traffic control, traffic surveys and rescueimplementation, troubleshooting, maintenance, traffic restoration and accidentsummarize.
For the purpose of detecting freeway emergency incident effectively, ahierarchical traffic information collection point layout mode is established based onthe requirements of traffic information collection. Taking into account theinformation collection point construction sequence and functions, the informationcollection point should be constructed step by step. The optimized results should beadjusted based on the OD estimation, shockwave theory and fuzzy clustering. Themulti-objective optimization model is applied to adjust the layout of informationcollection point dynamically. Then, the McMaster algorithm improved to detect thefreeway emergency incident automatically.
According to the target of freeway emergency respond, the optimization modelsfor allocation and scheduling of the emergency rescue resources are studied. Theoptimization method for the layout of single emergency rescue point andmulti-emergency rescue points are discussed theoretically. The models are improvedbased the limitations in real world. The NSGA-II algorithm is selected to solve themodel. After reviewing the modeling idea, all the emergency resource schedulingalgorithms are generalized by rescue costs. Then, the algorithms based on directcosts, potential costs and opportunity costs are analyzed respectively. In this way,the simulated annealing algorithm is utilized to solve emergency resource schedulingmodel. A virtual emergency resource scheduling example using Xi’an freewaynetwork is tested with the proposed method.
To evaluate the performance of the highway emergency, a reliability analysismodel for emergency relief is established. The freeway emergency respondingsystem reliability is related with the system itself and the freeway network. As a keyparameter in the system, the reliability of the rescue time is analyzed separately.Then, the risk of incident and final loss by the implementation of the selected respondscenario are discussed based on the analysis of system reliability.
The software framework of the freeway emergency respond system is putforward based on the analysis of the characteristics of highway emergency respond.The logical relationships between the various parts in the software are discussed firstly. Then, by considering network linkage mechanism, information platformtechnology, rescue resource allocation and scheduling, emergency respond fordangerous goods, the physical framework of the system is established. The decisionsupport system framework is also discussed.
高速公路紧急救援系统的研究涉及应急管理理论、灾害学、交通安全学、协同学、系统工程等复杂科学理论。论文从高速公路紧急救援的基本概念和整体流程框架入手，通过分析高速公路突发事件的形成原因，将交通事件按事故状态和严重程度进行了分类和分级，并探讨了高速公路突发事件紧急救援的响应机构及责任，分析了紧急救援的实施过程，明确了高速公路突发事件紧急救援的过程。在此基础上，改进了紧急救援联动组织体系，提出了联动机制的完善措施。此后，论文在分析信息监测点需求的，优化了信息采集点的布设层次和布局方法，进而提出了基于多层检测数据的高速公路突发事件自动检测方法。紧急救援资源点的布设是紧急救援顺利实施的基础，论文随后提出应用基于NSGA-II算法对限制条件下的多紧急救援出救点的布局进行了优化。为保证紧急救援的实施过程中，各紧急救援资源的效用最大化，论文建立了模拟退火算法来求解基于机会成本的紧急救援资源调度模型。为对高速公路紧急救援系统进行评价，论文建立了紧急救援系统的可靠性分析模型，并建立模型评价不同紧急救援方案实施过程下的风险/损失。为适应交通信息化、智能化的过程，论文建立了紧急救援系统的软件框架，为科学的做出决策和实施紧急救援提供依据。
论文首先将突发事件分为计划活动、轻微事故、重大事故、危险品倾覆、自然灾害、恐怖袭击及灾难等七类事故，明确了紧急救援相关职能部门的责任。在分析突发事件紧急救援流程的基础上，提出了高速公路联动组织指挥体系的构建和联动信息渠道的设计及完善方案。联动信息渠道设计以救援进程为线索，将一般事件的处理流程分为事件信息采集和通报、事件响应、到达现场实施交通管制、交通调查与实施救援、排障、养护等相关作业、结束管制与恢复交通和事故总结七个部分，明确救援各参与部门之间信息沟通的渠道和机制。
为快速有效的检测高速公路事件，论文将高速公路突发事件紧急救援的交通信息采集需求分为了三个层次，并建立了分阶段分层次的交通信息采集点布局模式。考虑到信息采集点建设时序及功能的不同，对信息采集点实施三级阶段性布局，根据OD反推、交通波理论与模糊聚类研究其布局模型，在总体布局的基础上应用多目标优化模型实现信息采集点布局的动态调整。在此基础上，论文进一步基于交通检测数据的交通事件自动识别算法，既可以作为现有突发事件信息的补充，也可为将来突发事件自动检测奠定基础。
根据高速公路突发事件紧急救援系统的目标，对救援系统中的救援资源配置和紧急救援资源调度这两个最关键的问题进行了深入研究。论文在分析高速公路突发事件紧急救援的救援点选址问题时，首先对单点和多个紧急救援服务设施选址问题进行建模，并建立了相应的选址优化求解算法。在此基础上，考虑实际突发事件紧急救援的特性，对限制条件下的紧急救援服务点选址问题进行了建模分析，并提出应用第二代多目标非支配排序遗传算法对模型进行求解。在分析紧急救援资源调度问题时，论文在回顾紧急救援资源调度算法的基础上，提出以广义救援成本作为紧急救援资源调度的考核指标，分别分析了以直接成本、潜在成本和机会成本为优化对象的紧急救援资源调度模型，指出了其建模思想主要在于是否考虑紧急救援过程中是否发生潜在事故。在此基础上，提出了应用模拟退火算法求解紧急资源调度模型的方法，并结合西安市高速公路网，在虚拟情景下给出了调度的算例。
为评价高速公路紧急救援的绩效，论文建立了紧急救援可靠性分析模型，明确了高速公路突发事件的紧急救援系统可靠性有救援系统本身的可靠性和所依托的交通网络的可靠性共同决定，并着重对救援时间的可靠性进行了分析。在此基础上，论文根据紧急救援可靠性的概念，分析了不同救援方案及实施效果可能带来的事故的风险和最终损失，可为紧急救援系统的评价奠定基础。
论文最后在分析高速公路突发事件紧急救援特性的基础上，建立了高速公路突发事件紧急救援系统的软件框架。论文在讨论紧急救援系统需求的基础上，讨论了紧急救援系统软件各部分之间的逻辑关系和层次，综合考虑高速公路网紧急救援联动机制、信息平台构建技术、救援资源配置与调度优化，危险品运输紧急救援等领域，建立了紧急救援系统的物理框架，并探讨了决策支持系统框架的建立途径。
The skeleton network of Chinese freeway is basically formed with the increasingof mileage, which makes the dimensions of freeway is larger than most countries allover the world. With the transform of key point from construction to operationmanagement, the freeway industry mainly focuses on how to protect highway safety,smooth, fast and comfortable. With the increasingly sophisticated freeway networkand rapid growth traffic volume, freeway operations is under a more complexenvironment, which makes it is difficult to manage. In order to deal with emergencyincident in a timely and effective manner, the highway emergency responding systemcan help the rescue staffs work efficiently to reduce casualties and economic losses.Emergency respond is an important part of the highway management, which isimportant to promote the sustainable development of highway system.
Freeway emergency respond system involving emergency management theory,disaster science, traffic safety, synergetic theories, systems engineering and othercomplex scientific theories. Starting with the basic concepts and framework of theoverall process, the emergency incident is classified with incident status and severityby analyzing the causes of the emergencies incident. The duty of highwayemergency response agencies and their working process were then analyzed to obtainthe procedure of freeway emergency response. An improved linkage organization ofthe emergency responding system and the linkage mechanism are proposed. Basedon the requirements of the emergency responding system, an optimization method forthe layout of information collection point and highway incidents automatic detectionmethod based on multi-layer detection data are proposed. The NSGA-II algorithm isthen applied to optimize the layout of emergency resources point at the limitationconditions. To maximize the effectiveness of emergency resources, a simulatedannealing algorithm is established to solve emergency resources scheduling modelbased on the opportunity cost. To evaluate the freeway emergency respondingsystem, the system reliability model is utilized to evaluate the risk/loss under theemergency program implementation process. The software framework for freewayemergency responding system is also established to adapt to the traffic informationintelligent process.
The emergency incident is divided into seven types to clear emergencydepartments’ responsibility, which is planning activities, minor accidents, majoraccidents, dangerous goods capsized, natural disasters, terrorist attacks and disasters.On the basis of the analysis of the process of the emergency emergencies, the highway linkage organization system and improved linkage information communicationchannels are designed. The process of emergency responding is utilized as the cluein the system. The process can be divided into information collection andnotification, incident response, arrived and traffic control, traffic surveys and rescueimplementation, troubleshooting, maintenance, traffic restoration and accidentsummarize.
For the purpose of detecting freeway emergency incident effectively, ahierarchical traffic information collection point layout mode is established based onthe requirements of traffic information collection. Taking into account theinformation collection point construction sequence and functions, the informationcollection point should be constructed step by step. The optimized results should beadjusted based on the OD estimation, shockwave theory and fuzzy clustering. Themulti-objective optimization model is applied to adjust the layout of informationcollection point dynamically. Then, the McMaster algorithm improved to detect thefreeway emergency incident automatically.
According to the target of freeway emergency respond, the optimization modelsfor allocation and scheduling of the emergency rescue resources are studied. Theoptimization method for the layout of single emergency rescue point andmulti-emergency rescue points are discussed theoretically. The models are improvedbased the limitations in real world. The NSGA-II algorithm is selected to solve themodel. After reviewing the modeling idea, all the emergency resource schedulingalgorithms are generalized by rescue costs. Then, the algorithms based on directcosts, potential costs and opportunity costs are analyzed respectively. In this way,the simulated annealing algorithm is utilized to solve emergency resource schedulingmodel. A virtual emergency resource scheduling example using Xi’an freewaynetwork is tested with the proposed method.
To evaluate the performance of the highway emergency, a reliability analysismodel for emergency relief is established. The freeway emergency respondingsystem reliability is related with the system itself and the freeway network. As a keyparameter in the system, the reliability of the rescue time is analyzed separately.Then, the risk of incident and final loss by the implementation of the selected respondscenario are discussed based on the analysis of system reliability.
The software framework of the freeway emergency respond system is putforward based on the analysis of the characteristics of highway emergency respond.The logical relationships between the various parts in the software are discussed firstly. Then, by considering network linkage mechanism, information platformtechnology, rescue resource allocation and scheduling, emergency respond fordangerous goods, the physical framework of the system is established. The decisionsupport system framework is also discussed.
引文
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