供应链系统规划基本理论与方法研究
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摘要
供应链管理(SCM)实施途径和模式研究是我国企业提高核心竞争力、构建企业自主创新系统发展过程中急需解决的重大课题,而供应链系统规划(SCSP)是SCM研究的重要内容之一。本文结合吉林省科技厅《乳制品产业供应链系统分析与设计方法研究》、中国物流学会《物流信息化技术体系与物流管理信息化发展对策研究》和吉林省发展与改革委员会《吉林省农产品深加工业供应链管理关键技术开发与应用研究》等项目,对SCSP基本理论、模型与方法进行了深入研究,以乳制品加工产业SCSP为背景进行了实证分析。
论文根据SCM理论研究现状及我国企业实施SCM需要,在重新定义SCM概念基础上,提出了SCSP概念,对SCSP理论内容进行了阐述;对乳制品行业供应链战略环境与条件进行了分析,给出了供应链产品需求变权重组合预测模型在乳制品行业中应用方法;在归纳分析战略采购与供应管理理论基础上,对供应商评价与选择过程、方法进行了探讨,构建了乳制品行业采购与供应系统动力学模型并进行了仿真分析;从SCM的角度,给出了分销联盟链网概念,提出了分销中心三角模糊层次分析综合评价选址方法,验证了基于GIS的分销设施选址技术的可行性和实用性;提出了供应链战略信息系统规划(SC-SISP)概念和SC-SISP的2/8规划法,在总结分析国内典型乳制品企业分销信息系统应用模式的基础上,结合吉林省乳制品企业实例,给出了解决方向。
本文研究内容对指导我国企业实施供应链管理模式、构建企业自主创新系统、迈向国际市场、提高在国际市场上的生存与竞争能力具有重要的理论与现实意义。
With the fast growing of the economic globalization, the competitive situation of the market for enterprise is changing fiercely. Supply Chain Management (SCM) has already become the important way for conforming resources and gaining the superiorities of competition. Chinese enterprises should draw the model of SCM into the practice at the proper time so as to adapt to the development of the economic globalization. Setting the whole maximum of efficiency and benefit of supply chain as the aim, SCM is a process of integrated management and conforming resources which executes strategic planning and tactical controlling in terms of all kinds of activities for increasing in value and manufacturing technological work flow (logistics, information flow, fund flow, service flow and so on). SCSP is the key basis and condition;is one of the two large-scale activities of SCM;is the innovation of the theory of SCM to adapt to the situation of China and the developing condition of enterprise. With the strategic management and systematic project theory as guide, with industries cluster, marketing channel and system innovation as the basis, SCSP integrates and coordinates with the resources, which the supply chain systems are involved in, to give the arrangement of program which can cater for the need of target clients and realize the ideal disposition of the systematic resources so as to guide the correct way for the successful execution of SCM and make the theoretic basis for promotion the related industries and developing SCM. SCSP includes purchase and supply system planning, the choice for strategic evaluation of suppliers, the plan of retail store strategies' system for the alliance, the plan with the aim of uniting productive ability and facility location, distribution network planning, marketing strategy and
products planning, strategic information system planning and so on.The paper focuses on the basic theories, models and the utilizing methods of SCSP, with the aim of guiding a correct and definite orientation for the successful execution of SCM so as to provide a theoretic support and decisive basis for building a self-innovation system and efficiently execution SCM pattern.The complicated peculiarities of supply chain system decide the important position and function of SCSP in the SCM process. SCSP is the powerful tool that leads every enterprise in supply chain system to cooperate;SCSP is also the efficient way for weakening "Bullwhip Effects";SCSP is the integration of resources for the people, material, wealth and so on;SCSP is also the base and guarantee of integrated management.Combined with the topic, this article based on a great many documents over the world, and found out the key basic problems that need to be solved by the summary and analysis of the planning theories and methods of SCSP. On the basis of putting forward the theory of SCSP, according to the steps of SCSP, the article carried out further study in terms of several key subsidiary system planning, which is a great theoretic and realistic significance for perfecting the theory frames of SCSP, guiding efficiently the execution of SCSP and executing SCM model.SCM is the innovation of management model and the main means for the enterprises of the twenty-first century to participate the market competition, cater for the indefinite needs and increase the competition ability. But at the present, in our country, the main trend of study for SCM focuses on the illustration of supply chain management theory and function, instead of the efficient way to execute the management model and the study of SCM under the current Chinese economic situation and the type of society. That's to say, the theory has existed currently can't cater for the practical need of SCM execution in our country. Therefore, it's urgent for us to carry out a comprehensive study of cross-subject which can adapt to the development of the innovation country. Under the big situation that all the enterprises all over the world are striving for the superiority by SCM, it's very significant for China to study how to execute SCM by the successful SCSP.The article is divided into eight chapters, among which Chapter 2 to Chapter 7
is the main component. The content of the eight chapters goes as follows:Chapter 1: Introduce the background, the significance, the internal and external research status and the structure arrangement of this research.Chapter 2: On the basis of the existed conceptions of supply chain and SCM, the article defined these two conceptions again;in terms of the theory of marketing channel theory, enterprise cluster theory and system innovation theory, from the three new angles, the article carried out discussing and supplementing of the producing mechanism of SCM model and the system of theoretic basis.Chapter 3: From the angle of the strategic management of enterprise and the theory of systematic project, this chapter built up the theoretic system of SCSP and the conception model of system planning as well as put forward the conception, feature, content, process of SCSP and the model of planning process of SCSP. The illustration of this chapter provided the spread of the following content with theoretic basis.Chapter 4: From the angle of economics, his chapter analyzed the forecast of environment and the demand of products of SCSP. First of all, in order to grasp the main factors that influence the demand, this chapter designed a survey of market's demand and analyzed the data of the survey;secondly, from the angle of theory of consumers' behavior, this chapter analyzed the factors influence the demand of consumers and calculated the flexibility of required prices;finally in order to increase the accuracy, on basis of the summary for the advantages and disadvantages of the requiring forecast and the suitable scale, the chapter put forward a new conception: the combination forecasting method with variable weights for the demand of product. Use statistic data to execute the forecast for the demand and supply of dairy products, which proved the feasibility of using this forecast to increase the accuracy of products' requirement.Chapter 5: This chapter summaries and analyzed the theory of strategic purchase and supply and defined the definition and the process of strategic purchase. The chapter explored the process and methods of the suppliers' evaluation and selection. On the basis of summary and analysis of the current condition for the study of supply chain system dynamics, this chapter built up the
model for purchase and supply system dynamics and simulation with the model.Chapter 6: This chapter provided a conception of distribution alliance net, in which the chapter illustrated the character, planning steps and the content. What's more this chapter took the distribution alliance net of dairy products as an example to put forward the plan and optimizing thought of this theory. During the plan distribution net, in terms of distribution facility location, this chapter carried out further study and when concluded the disadvantages of current plan model and the use of dairy products' distribution facility location, the chapter put forward the triangular fuzzy AHP comprehensive evaluation model and validated the feasibility of this method. According to the choosing feature of facility location, combined with living example, this article use famous logistics system simulation software to prove the feasibility and the scientific nature of the method of facility location. Furthermore the article perfected and enriched the theory of supply chain network facility location.Chapter 7: This chapter summaries and analyzed the theory of strategic information system planning and put forward the eight-step plan for the two phases of supply chain strategic information system. On the basis of analysis of built of the informational system, in terms of the typical dairy products' industry, this chapter studied more about supply chain information system planning problem of some dairy products' industry of Jilin Province and gave the solving case.Chapter 8: The summary of the research and the outlook of the future research.To sum up, the innovative aspects of this thesis include the following aspects:1. Define these two conceptions of supply chain and SCM again;the article carried out discussing and supplementing of the producing mechanism of SCM model and the system of theoretic basis.2. Put forward the conception of SCSP as well as built up the theoretic system of SCSP and the conception model of system planning.3. Analyze the forecast of environment and the demand of products of SCSP;design a survey of market's demand and analyze the data of the survey;from the angle of theory of consumers' behavior, analyze the factors influence the demand
of consumers and calculated the flexibility of required prices;put forward a new conception: the combination forecasting method with variable weights for the demand of product and applying the method.4. Summary and analyze the theory of strategic purchase and supply and introduce the definition and the process;construct the process and methods of the suppliers' evaluation and selection;put forward the method of analysis in terms of purchase and supply system dynamic strategic planning based on system dynamics.5. Put forward a conception of distribution alliance net, illustrate the character, planning steps and the content;put forward the triangular fuzzy AHP comprehensive evaluation model and validated the feasibility of this method;prove the feasibility and the scientific nature of the method of facility location based on GIS.6. Put forward the conception of supply chain strategic information system and the eight-step plan for the two phases.On the whole, this research belongs to the exploring study of theory in terms of SCM and the main aim is to create or innovate the way of studying SCM. Although the author tried to perfect the theory and methods of SCSP and achieved some significant fruit, as a new study field and the exploring study, there are more problems related need further study.
论文根据SCM理论研究现状及我国企业实施SCM需要,在重新定义SCM概念基础上,提出了SCSP概念,对SCSP理论内容进行了阐述;对乳制品行业供应链战略环境与条件进行了分析,给出了供应链产品需求变权重组合预测模型在乳制品行业中应用方法;在归纳分析战略采购与供应管理理论基础上,对供应商评价与选择过程、方法进行了探讨,构建了乳制品行业采购与供应系统动力学模型并进行了仿真分析;从SCM的角度,给出了分销联盟链网概念,提出了分销中心三角模糊层次分析综合评价选址方法,验证了基于GIS的分销设施选址技术的可行性和实用性;提出了供应链战略信息系统规划(SC-SISP)概念和SC-SISP的2/8规划法,在总结分析国内典型乳制品企业分销信息系统应用模式的基础上,结合吉林省乳制品企业实例,给出了解决方向。
本文研究内容对指导我国企业实施供应链管理模式、构建企业自主创新系统、迈向国际市场、提高在国际市场上的生存与竞争能力具有重要的理论与现实意义。
With the fast growing of the economic globalization, the competitive situation of the market for enterprise is changing fiercely. Supply Chain Management (SCM) has already become the important way for conforming resources and gaining the superiorities of competition. Chinese enterprises should draw the model of SCM into the practice at the proper time so as to adapt to the development of the economic globalization. Setting the whole maximum of efficiency and benefit of supply chain as the aim, SCM is a process of integrated management and conforming resources which executes strategic planning and tactical controlling in terms of all kinds of activities for increasing in value and manufacturing technological work flow (logistics, information flow, fund flow, service flow and so on). SCSP is the key basis and condition;is one of the two large-scale activities of SCM;is the innovation of the theory of SCM to adapt to the situation of China and the developing condition of enterprise. With the strategic management and systematic project theory as guide, with industries cluster, marketing channel and system innovation as the basis, SCSP integrates and coordinates with the resources, which the supply chain systems are involved in, to give the arrangement of program which can cater for the need of target clients and realize the ideal disposition of the systematic resources so as to guide the correct way for the successful execution of SCM and make the theoretic basis for promotion the related industries and developing SCM. SCSP includes purchase and supply system planning, the choice for strategic evaluation of suppliers, the plan of retail store strategies' system for the alliance, the plan with the aim of uniting productive ability and facility location, distribution network planning, marketing strategy and
products planning, strategic information system planning and so on.The paper focuses on the basic theories, models and the utilizing methods of SCSP, with the aim of guiding a correct and definite orientation for the successful execution of SCM so as to provide a theoretic support and decisive basis for building a self-innovation system and efficiently execution SCM pattern.The complicated peculiarities of supply chain system decide the important position and function of SCSP in the SCM process. SCSP is the powerful tool that leads every enterprise in supply chain system to cooperate;SCSP is also the efficient way for weakening "Bullwhip Effects";SCSP is the integration of resources for the people, material, wealth and so on;SCSP is also the base and guarantee of integrated management.Combined with the topic, this article based on a great many documents over the world, and found out the key basic problems that need to be solved by the summary and analysis of the planning theories and methods of SCSP. On the basis of putting forward the theory of SCSP, according to the steps of SCSP, the article carried out further study in terms of several key subsidiary system planning, which is a great theoretic and realistic significance for perfecting the theory frames of SCSP, guiding efficiently the execution of SCSP and executing SCM model.SCM is the innovation of management model and the main means for the enterprises of the twenty-first century to participate the market competition, cater for the indefinite needs and increase the competition ability. But at the present, in our country, the main trend of study for SCM focuses on the illustration of supply chain management theory and function, instead of the efficient way to execute the management model and the study of SCM under the current Chinese economic situation and the type of society. That's to say, the theory has existed currently can't cater for the practical need of SCM execution in our country. Therefore, it's urgent for us to carry out a comprehensive study of cross-subject which can adapt to the development of the innovation country. Under the big situation that all the enterprises all over the world are striving for the superiority by SCM, it's very significant for China to study how to execute SCM by the successful SCSP.The article is divided into eight chapters, among which Chapter 2 to Chapter 7
is the main component. The content of the eight chapters goes as follows:Chapter 1: Introduce the background, the significance, the internal and external research status and the structure arrangement of this research.Chapter 2: On the basis of the existed conceptions of supply chain and SCM, the article defined these two conceptions again;in terms of the theory of marketing channel theory, enterprise cluster theory and system innovation theory, from the three new angles, the article carried out discussing and supplementing of the producing mechanism of SCM model and the system of theoretic basis.Chapter 3: From the angle of the strategic management of enterprise and the theory of systematic project, this chapter built up the theoretic system of SCSP and the conception model of system planning as well as put forward the conception, feature, content, process of SCSP and the model of planning process of SCSP. The illustration of this chapter provided the spread of the following content with theoretic basis.Chapter 4: From the angle of economics, his chapter analyzed the forecast of environment and the demand of products of SCSP. First of all, in order to grasp the main factors that influence the demand, this chapter designed a survey of market's demand and analyzed the data of the survey;secondly, from the angle of theory of consumers' behavior, this chapter analyzed the factors influence the demand of consumers and calculated the flexibility of required prices;finally in order to increase the accuracy, on basis of the summary for the advantages and disadvantages of the requiring forecast and the suitable scale, the chapter put forward a new conception: the combination forecasting method with variable weights for the demand of product. Use statistic data to execute the forecast for the demand and supply of dairy products, which proved the feasibility of using this forecast to increase the accuracy of products' requirement.Chapter 5: This chapter summaries and analyzed the theory of strategic purchase and supply and defined the definition and the process of strategic purchase. The chapter explored the process and methods of the suppliers' evaluation and selection. On the basis of summary and analysis of the current condition for the study of supply chain system dynamics, this chapter built up the
model for purchase and supply system dynamics and simulation with the model.Chapter 6: This chapter provided a conception of distribution alliance net, in which the chapter illustrated the character, planning steps and the content. What's more this chapter took the distribution alliance net of dairy products as an example to put forward the plan and optimizing thought of this theory. During the plan distribution net, in terms of distribution facility location, this chapter carried out further study and when concluded the disadvantages of current plan model and the use of dairy products' distribution facility location, the chapter put forward the triangular fuzzy AHP comprehensive evaluation model and validated the feasibility of this method. According to the choosing feature of facility location, combined with living example, this article use famous logistics system simulation software to prove the feasibility and the scientific nature of the method of facility location. Furthermore the article perfected and enriched the theory of supply chain network facility location.Chapter 7: This chapter summaries and analyzed the theory of strategic information system planning and put forward the eight-step plan for the two phases of supply chain strategic information system. On the basis of analysis of built of the informational system, in terms of the typical dairy products' industry, this chapter studied more about supply chain information system planning problem of some dairy products' industry of Jilin Province and gave the solving case.Chapter 8: The summary of the research and the outlook of the future research.To sum up, the innovative aspects of this thesis include the following aspects:1. Define these two conceptions of supply chain and SCM again;the article carried out discussing and supplementing of the producing mechanism of SCM model and the system of theoretic basis.2. Put forward the conception of SCSP as well as built up the theoretic system of SCSP and the conception model of system planning.3. Analyze the forecast of environment and the demand of products of SCSP;design a survey of market's demand and analyze the data of the survey;from the angle of theory of consumers' behavior, analyze the factors influence the demand
of consumers and calculated the flexibility of required prices;put forward a new conception: the combination forecasting method with variable weights for the demand of product and applying the method.4. Summary and analyze the theory of strategic purchase and supply and introduce the definition and the process;construct the process and methods of the suppliers' evaluation and selection;put forward the method of analysis in terms of purchase and supply system dynamic strategic planning based on system dynamics.5. Put forward a conception of distribution alliance net, illustrate the character, planning steps and the content;put forward the triangular fuzzy AHP comprehensive evaluation model and validated the feasibility of this method;prove the feasibility and the scientific nature of the method of facility location based on GIS.6. Put forward the conception of supply chain strategic information system and the eight-step plan for the two phases.On the whole, this research belongs to the exploring study of theory in terms of SCM and the main aim is to create or innovate the way of studying SCM. Although the author tried to perfect the theory and methods of SCSP and achieved some significant fruit, as a new study field and the exploring study, there are more problems related need further study.
引文
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