基于产业集群视角下的金昌市工业发展路径研究
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摘要
产业集群是一种近年来日益引起人们重视的经济现象。在经济全球化、信息化、网络化的背景下,产业集群化成为当今各国政府和学术界高度关注的亮点,产业集群已成为推动区域经济及工业产业发展的新引擎。
本文立足于地处西部地区的甘肃省金昌市,结合国内外产业集群培育发展的相关经验,以产业集群相关经典理论为指导,在分析金昌市工业产业集群发展现状及优势条件的基础上,找出目前金昌产业集群发展存在的问题,找寻金昌市未来工业产业集群发展的有效路径及切入点,最后为金昌市未来工业产业发展及产业集群的培育与发展提出一些建议与策略。
通过分析可以得出:金昌市未来工业产业集群培育发展应着眼于产业结构调整及空间布局优化。产业结构调整的基本思路为:一是通过政府引导,金川公司等龙头企业带动,发展壮大具有比较优势的有色金属新材料、化学、农产品加工三大特色产业集群;二是围绕主导产业拓展产业面,延长产业链,加快发展配套产业;三是积极加大技术及管理创新,大力培育接续产业。金昌市产业集群发展的空间布局优化应着力抓好金昌工业园区(有色金属新材料)、河西堡工业园区(化学工业)、永昌工业园区(农产品加工)的规划、建设及管理,按照发展特色方向定位,合理规划布局,做好项目入区,力争建造特色突出、配套产业竞相发展的集群化工业格局。未来金昌产业集群发展的主要策略为:着力培育有竞争力的特色产业集群;强化和协调政府、行业组织、企业三方各自在产业集群发展中的职能;改善产业集群在制度、文化、经营等方面的发展环境;培养促进产业集群的动态创新能力。
Industrial cluster is a economic phenomenon gradually drawing people's attention nowadays. Under the background of globalization, informatization and network economy, industrial cluster, the bright point concerning the governments and academics all the worlds, has become a new engine which accelerates the development of regional economy and industry.
This work has a foothold on the Jinchang city, Gansun Province, in the west China. By associating the relevant oversea experience of the development of industrial cluster, under the guide of its relevant classical theory, based on the analysis of the present development status of the Jinchang city's industrial cluster, this work finds out the current problems of its development, seeks the entrance and path to its future development, and propose some suggestions and strategies for the Jinchang city's future development of the industry and industrial cluster.
Analysis can be obtained through: Jinchang city nurture future industry cluster development should focus on the readjustment of the industrial structure and optimization of spatial pattern. Readjustment of the industrial structure of the basic ideas : First, through the government guidance and Jinchuan companies, and other leading enterprises promote, develop three major competitive and special industries :the new non-ferrous metal materials industry, chemical industry, agricultural product processing industry. Second is to develop Industrial categories ,lengthen the production chain, accelerate the development of supporting industries; Third, actively promote the technical and management innovations, and nurture supporting alternative industries. Jinchang city industrial development space layout adjustment should focus on the Jinchuan Industrial Park (Nonferrous new materials industry),Hexibao Industrial Park(chemical Industry), Yongchang Industrial Park (agro-processing industries) in the planning, construction and management. According to develop distinctive positioning, reasonable planning, the project is entering the zone. Strive to build cluster pattern which have prominent characteristics and good development supporting industries. In future, main strategies on development of Jinchang city industrial clusters ;Focus on cultivating competitive and special industry clusters ; Strengthen and coordinate respective functions constituents among government and industry organizations, enterprises in the development of industrial clusters ; Improve the development environment of industrial clusters in the system, cultural, business and other aspects; Promoting the dynamic innovative capabilities of industrial clusters.
本文立足于地处西部地区的甘肃省金昌市,结合国内外产业集群培育发展的相关经验,以产业集群相关经典理论为指导,在分析金昌市工业产业集群发展现状及优势条件的基础上,找出目前金昌产业集群发展存在的问题,找寻金昌市未来工业产业集群发展的有效路径及切入点,最后为金昌市未来工业产业发展及产业集群的培育与发展提出一些建议与策略。
通过分析可以得出:金昌市未来工业产业集群培育发展应着眼于产业结构调整及空间布局优化。产业结构调整的基本思路为:一是通过政府引导,金川公司等龙头企业带动,发展壮大具有比较优势的有色金属新材料、化学、农产品加工三大特色产业集群;二是围绕主导产业拓展产业面,延长产业链,加快发展配套产业;三是积极加大技术及管理创新,大力培育接续产业。金昌市产业集群发展的空间布局优化应着力抓好金昌工业园区(有色金属新材料)、河西堡工业园区(化学工业)、永昌工业园区(农产品加工)的规划、建设及管理,按照发展特色方向定位,合理规划布局,做好项目入区,力争建造特色突出、配套产业竞相发展的集群化工业格局。未来金昌产业集群发展的主要策略为:着力培育有竞争力的特色产业集群;强化和协调政府、行业组织、企业三方各自在产业集群发展中的职能;改善产业集群在制度、文化、经营等方面的发展环境;培养促进产业集群的动态创新能力。
Industrial cluster is a economic phenomenon gradually drawing people's attention nowadays. Under the background of globalization, informatization and network economy, industrial cluster, the bright point concerning the governments and academics all the worlds, has become a new engine which accelerates the development of regional economy and industry.
This work has a foothold on the Jinchang city, Gansun Province, in the west China. By associating the relevant oversea experience of the development of industrial cluster, under the guide of its relevant classical theory, based on the analysis of the present development status of the Jinchang city's industrial cluster, this work finds out the current problems of its development, seeks the entrance and path to its future development, and propose some suggestions and strategies for the Jinchang city's future development of the industry and industrial cluster.
Analysis can be obtained through: Jinchang city nurture future industry cluster development should focus on the readjustment of the industrial structure and optimization of spatial pattern. Readjustment of the industrial structure of the basic ideas : First, through the government guidance and Jinchuan companies, and other leading enterprises promote, develop three major competitive and special industries :the new non-ferrous metal materials industry, chemical industry, agricultural product processing industry. Second is to develop Industrial categories ,lengthen the production chain, accelerate the development of supporting industries; Third, actively promote the technical and management innovations, and nurture supporting alternative industries. Jinchang city industrial development space layout adjustment should focus on the Jinchuan Industrial Park (Nonferrous new materials industry),Hexibao Industrial Park(chemical Industry), Yongchang Industrial Park (agro-processing industries) in the planning, construction and management. According to develop distinctive positioning, reasonable planning, the project is entering the zone. Strive to build cluster pattern which have prominent characteristics and good development supporting industries. In future, main strategies on development of Jinchang city industrial clusters ;Focus on cultivating competitive and special industry clusters ; Strengthen and coordinate respective functions constituents among government and industry organizations, enterprises in the development of industrial clusters ; Improve the development environment of industrial clusters in the system, cultural, business and other aspects; Promoting the dynamic innovative capabilities of industrial clusters.
引文
铩颷1]彭永斌.发展极理论与西部工业化路径安排[J].经济体制改革,2001(3),111-114
[2]马歇尔.经济学原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997
[3]阿尔弗雷德·韦伯.工业区位论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997年
[4]Porter.M.E.Clusters and new economics competition[J].Harvard BusinessReview,1998,(11)
[5]Paul Krugman.Development,Geography and Economic Theory,The MIT press,1995.
[6]Henderson.J.V.,Zmarak Shalizi,and Anthony.J.Venables.Geography and Development,NBER,Working Paper.2001
[7]Bureth.A.and Jean-Alain Herand.Institutions of Technological Infrastructure(ITI)and theGeneration.and Diffusion of Knowledge.In Koschatzky,K.,M.Kulicke and A.Zenker.(eds).Innovation Networks:concepts and challenges in the European perspective.Physics-Verlag,2001:69-91.
[8]Marjolein Caniels and Henny Romijn.Small-industry Clusters,Accumulation ofTechnological Capabilities and Development:A conceptual Framework,ECIS WorkingPaper[R].2001(5)
[9]Meyer-Stamer J.Path Dependence in Regional Developemt:Persistence and Change in ThreeIndustrial Clusters in Santa Catarina,Brszil[J].World Development,1998,26(8):1495-1511.
[10]Richard Baldwin,Rikard Forslid,Philippe Martin,Gianmarco Ottavino and FredericRobert-Nicoud..Economic Geography and Public Policy[J].Princeton University Press,2003:297-305.
[11]Khalid Nadvi and Gerhard Halder.Local clusters in global value chains:ExploringDynamic Linkages between Germany and Pakistan.[J].Entrepreneurship & RegionalDevelopment,2005,17(9):339-363.
[12]http://humanitieslab.stanford.edu/2/admin/versions.html?pageid=190&versionnum=646
[13]王缉慈等.创新的空间:企业集群与区域发展[M].北京大学出版社,2001
[14]魏江.产业集群--创新系统与技术学习[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[15]盖文启.创新的网络--区域经济发展新思维[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002
[16]盖文启、朱华晟.产业柔性集群与区域竞争力[J].经济理论与经济管理,2001(10):28-32
[17]盖文启.国际典型高技术产业集群的比较分析与经验启示[J].中国软科学,2004(2):102-108
[18]叶建亮.知识溢出与企业集群[J].经济科学,2001(3):23-26
[19]宁钟.创新、企业集群与经济发展[J].《武汉大学博士论文》,2001
[20]安虎森.空间接近与不确定的降低[J].南开经济研究,2001(3):32-35
[21]魏守华,石碧华.论产业集群的竞争优势[J].中央财经大学学报,2002(1):31-35
[22]梁琦.产业集聚论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004:16-34
[23]符正平.论产业集群的产生条件与形成机制[J].中国工业经济,2002(10):18-23
[24]张辉.产业集群竞争力的内在经济机理[J].中国软科学,2003(1)
[25]史晋川,金祥荣,赵伟等.制度变迁与经济发展:温州模式研究[M].浙江大学出版社, 2002
铩颷26]蔡宁,吴结兵.企业集群的竞争优势:资源的结构性整合[J].中国工业经济,2002(7)
[27]陈雪梅.中小企业集群的理论与实践[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2003
[28]车维汉.论知识经济中企业经营模式和产业集群的新变化[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2000(6):33-36
[29]李新春,储小平.企业家协调与企业集群[J].南开管理评论,2002(3)
[30]Roelandt,Theo J.A.& Pim den Hertog,1999.Cluster analysis and cluster based policymaking in OECD countries:an introduction to the theme[R].In:Boosting innovation;the dusterapproach,9-26,Theo Roelandt &.Pim denHertog(editors),OECD proceedings,OECD,Paris.
[31]吴晓军.产业集群与工业园区建设[M].南昌:江西人民出版社,2005.60-65
[32]亚当·斯密.1776:《国富论》,中译本,商务印书馆,1990
[33]马克思.资本论:第1卷[M]..北京:人民出版社,1975(6):556
[34]Coase,R,The Nature of the Firm,Economica vol.4,1937:368-405.
[35]A.K.格拉斯米尔.实践中的经济地理:地方经济发展政策fM].牛津经济地理学手册,北京:商务印书馆,2005:570
[36]牟文富.国家竞争力理论综述[J].国际商务研究,2000(1):31-34
[37]Von Hippel E.Sticky information and the locus of problem solving,Management Science,1994(4):429-439.
[38]Carrincazeaux C,Lung Y,Railer A.."Proximity and Localization of corporate R&Dactivities",Research Policy,2001(30):777-789
[39]Lane P J,Lubatkin M.Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning[J].Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(5):461-477
[40]Lawson,Lorenz.Collective learning,tacit knowledge and regional innovative capacity[J].Regional Studies,1999,33(4):305-317
[41]Padmore T,and Gibson H.Modeling Systems of Innovation:Ⅱ.A framework for industrialcluster analysis in regions,Reseach Policy,1998(26):625-641
[42]Storper M and Allen J.Scott,Pathways to Industrialization and Regional Development.London:Routledge 1992
[43]Rosenfeld,S.A.Industrial-Strength Strategies:Regional Business Clusters and Public Policy[M].Washington,D.C.:The Aspen Institute.1995.
[44]娄朝晖.中小企业集群组织特性研究[J].财经论坛,2006(3):14-19
[45]傅京燕、郑杰.中小产业集群成长中的地方政府作用[J].广东商学院学报,2003(2):39-42
[46]钱平凡.产业集群是一种经济发展的战略方式[J].国务院发展研究中心:《调查研究报告》,2003(125)
[47]冯光森、张先国、杨建梅.地理集群的企业竞争研究[J].南开管理评论,2002(6):43-45
[48]魏江,叶波.文化视野内的小企业集群技术学习[J].科学学研究,19(4):66-71.
[49]郑胜利.产业集群与企业技术创新[J].贵州财经学院学报,2003(1):27-31
[50]慕继丰,冯宗宪,李国平.基于企业网络的经济和区域发展理论[J].外国经济与管理,2001,(3):26-29
[51]徐华.论工业衰退地区创新网络的构建[J].中国经济问题,2001,(4):57-61
[52]李新春.企业家协调与企业集群[J].战略管理,2000,(11):49-55.
[2]马歇尔.经济学原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997
[3]阿尔弗雷德·韦伯.工业区位论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997年
[4]Porter.M.E.Clusters and new economics competition[J].Harvard BusinessReview,1998,(11)
[5]Paul Krugman.Development,Geography and Economic Theory,The MIT press,1995.
[6]Henderson.J.V.,Zmarak Shalizi,and Anthony.J.Venables.Geography and Development,NBER,Working Paper.2001
[7]Bureth.A.and Jean-Alain Herand.Institutions of Technological Infrastructure(ITI)and theGeneration.and Diffusion of Knowledge.In Koschatzky,K.,M.Kulicke and A.Zenker.(eds).Innovation Networks:concepts and challenges in the European perspective.Physics-Verlag,2001:69-91.
[8]Marjolein Caniels and Henny Romijn.Small-industry Clusters,Accumulation ofTechnological Capabilities and Development:A conceptual Framework,ECIS WorkingPaper[R].2001(5)
[9]Meyer-Stamer J.Path Dependence in Regional Developemt:Persistence and Change in ThreeIndustrial Clusters in Santa Catarina,Brszil[J].World Development,1998,26(8):1495-1511.
[10]Richard Baldwin,Rikard Forslid,Philippe Martin,Gianmarco Ottavino and FredericRobert-Nicoud..Economic Geography and Public Policy[J].Princeton University Press,2003:297-305.
[11]Khalid Nadvi and Gerhard Halder.Local clusters in global value chains:ExploringDynamic Linkages between Germany and Pakistan.[J].Entrepreneurship & RegionalDevelopment,2005,17(9):339-363.
[12]http://humanitieslab.stanford.edu/2/admin/versions.html?pageid=190&versionnum=646
[13]王缉慈等.创新的空间:企业集群与区域发展[M].北京大学出版社,2001
[14]魏江.产业集群--创新系统与技术学习[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[15]盖文启.创新的网络--区域经济发展新思维[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002
[16]盖文启、朱华晟.产业柔性集群与区域竞争力[J].经济理论与经济管理,2001(10):28-32
[17]盖文启.国际典型高技术产业集群的比较分析与经验启示[J].中国软科学,2004(2):102-108
[18]叶建亮.知识溢出与企业集群[J].经济科学,2001(3):23-26
[19]宁钟.创新、企业集群与经济发展[J].《武汉大学博士论文》,2001
[20]安虎森.空间接近与不确定的降低[J].南开经济研究,2001(3):32-35
[21]魏守华,石碧华.论产业集群的竞争优势[J].中央财经大学学报,2002(1):31-35
[22]梁琦.产业集聚论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004:16-34
[23]符正平.论产业集群的产生条件与形成机制[J].中国工业经济,2002(10):18-23
[24]张辉.产业集群竞争力的内在经济机理[J].中国软科学,2003(1)
[25]史晋川,金祥荣,赵伟等.制度变迁与经济发展:温州模式研究[M].浙江大学出版社, 2002
铩颷26]蔡宁,吴结兵.企业集群的竞争优势:资源的结构性整合[J].中国工业经济,2002(7)
[27]陈雪梅.中小企业集群的理论与实践[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2003
[28]车维汉.论知识经济中企业经营模式和产业集群的新变化[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2000(6):33-36
[29]李新春,储小平.企业家协调与企业集群[J].南开管理评论,2002(3)
[30]Roelandt,Theo J.A.& Pim den Hertog,1999.Cluster analysis and cluster based policymaking in OECD countries:an introduction to the theme[R].In:Boosting innovation;the dusterapproach,9-26,Theo Roelandt &.Pim denHertog(editors),OECD proceedings,OECD,Paris.
[31]吴晓军.产业集群与工业园区建设[M].南昌:江西人民出版社,2005.60-65
[32]亚当·斯密.1776:《国富论》,中译本,商务印书馆,1990
[33]马克思.资本论:第1卷[M]..北京:人民出版社,1975(6):556
[34]Coase,R,The Nature of the Firm,Economica vol.4,1937:368-405.
[35]A.K.格拉斯米尔.实践中的经济地理:地方经济发展政策fM].牛津经济地理学手册,北京:商务印书馆,2005:570
[36]牟文富.国家竞争力理论综述[J].国际商务研究,2000(1):31-34
[37]Von Hippel E.Sticky information and the locus of problem solving,Management Science,1994(4):429-439.
[38]Carrincazeaux C,Lung Y,Railer A.."Proximity and Localization of corporate R&Dactivities",Research Policy,2001(30):777-789
[39]Lane P J,Lubatkin M.Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning[J].Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(5):461-477
[40]Lawson,Lorenz.Collective learning,tacit knowledge and regional innovative capacity[J].Regional Studies,1999,33(4):305-317
[41]Padmore T,and Gibson H.Modeling Systems of Innovation:Ⅱ.A framework for industrialcluster analysis in regions,Reseach Policy,1998(26):625-641
[42]Storper M and Allen J.Scott,Pathways to Industrialization and Regional Development.London:Routledge 1992
[43]Rosenfeld,S.A.Industrial-Strength Strategies:Regional Business Clusters and Public Policy[M].Washington,D.C.:The Aspen Institute.1995.
[44]娄朝晖.中小企业集群组织特性研究[J].财经论坛,2006(3):14-19
[45]傅京燕、郑杰.中小产业集群成长中的地方政府作用[J].广东商学院学报,2003(2):39-42
[46]钱平凡.产业集群是一种经济发展的战略方式[J].国务院发展研究中心:《调查研究报告》,2003(125)
[47]冯光森、张先国、杨建梅.地理集群的企业竞争研究[J].南开管理评论,2002(6):43-45
[48]魏江,叶波.文化视野内的小企业集群技术学习[J].科学学研究,19(4):66-71.
[49]郑胜利.产业集群与企业技术创新[J].贵州财经学院学报,2003(1):27-31
[50]慕继丰,冯宗宪,李国平.基于企业网络的经济和区域发展理论[J].外国经济与管理,2001,(3):26-29
[51]徐华.论工业衰退地区创新网络的构建[J].中国经济问题,2001,(4):57-61
[52]李新春.企业家协调与企业集群[J].战略管理,2000,(11):49-55.
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