接触网线夹温度的在线监测
|
摘要
接触网作为电力机车运行的动力源,是电气化铁路的关键设备,保证接触网工作性能的稳定对铁路运输系统的安全运行有重大意义。接触网发生局部过热和烧伤是常见故障类型之一,特别是在各电连接线夹、吊弦线夹、开关设备线夹及接续点等故障多发部位,容易发生异常过热导致烧坏设备,影响机车正常运行。目前的监测方法不能实时准确的得到线夹等的温度情况,所以在线监测异常点的温度情况显得尤为重要。
本文针对接触网线夹等装置的发热和温升问题,提出了一种基于热释电红外技术的测温方法,避免了与线夹的接触,并且能够定点安装,实现了温度的实时监测。本文主要研究内容如下：阐述了接触网在线监测和线夹温度监测的意义,并对线夹温度监测的国内外现状以及红外测温的发展现状进行了分析；介绍了红外测温的基本原理,对三种不同的红外测温方法进行了比较,选取全辐射测温法作为接触网线夹测温的实现方法,提出了基于热释电探测器的测温系统整体方案；设计了各功能模块,电机控制电路实现对线夹的扫描测温,放大电路、滤波电路、检波电路、峰值检测电路等实现对传感器输出信号的调理；设计了单片机外围的数据采集和处理电路,对数据进行A/D转换和存储,并采集了环境温度；绘制了主程序流程图,并编写了中断处理程序、峰值判断程序、数据存取程序、环境温度采集程序和温度补偿程序；分析了环境辐射、辐射率、测温距离和硬件等因素对测温精度的影响,提出采用最小二乘法对测量得到的数据进行温度补偿和距离修正；实现了与太阳能电源和数据无线传输模块的联调,验证了温度在线监测装置的可行性。
Catenary line is the power source of electric locomotive running, it is the key equipment of electrified railway, ensure the stability of the catenary line performance have great significance to the safe running of the railway transport system. Local overheating and burns of the catenary line is one of the frequent faults, especially at failure-prone parts such as the electric connection clamp, dropper clip, switching device clamps and connection points, it is easy to appear abnormal overheating result in burned equipment, affect the locomotive's normal operation. The current monitoring methods can not be real-time accurately acquire the clamp's temperature, so on-line monitoring is particularly important to the abnormal points'temperature measure.
According to the heating and rising temperature problem of catenary line clamp devices, the paper proposes thermometry method based on the pyroelectric infrared technology, avoids contact between the clamp, and fixed installation, achieving real-time monitoring temperature. The main research contents of this paper are as follows:expounds the significance of the catenary line on-line monitoring and clamp temperature monitoring, the clamp temperature monitoring domestic and international situation and the development status of the infrared temperature measurement; introduces the basic principles of infrared thermometry, compares three different temperature measurement methods, selects the full radiation as the thermometry method of clamps, the pyroelectric detector, proposes the whole project of temperature measurement system based on the pyroelectric detector; designs every functional module, the motor control circuit achieves scanning temperature measurement of clamps, the amplifier circuit, filter circuit, detector circuit, peak detection circuit realizes the sensor output signal's conditioning; designs microcontroller's peripheral data acquisition and processing circuit, realizes the data A/D conversion and storage, and collects environmental temperature; draws the main program flow chart, and compiles the interrupt handling program, peak judgment program, data access program, environmental temperature collection procedures and temperature compensation program; analyzes the environmental radiation, emissivity, temperature measuring distance and hardware factors on the influence of the temperature measurement precision; proposes the least squares method for the measured data's temperature compensation and distance correction; realizes the debugging with solar power and wireless transmission module, verifies the feasibility of temperature on-line monitoring device.
本文针对接触网线夹等装置的发热和温升问题,提出了一种基于热释电红外技术的测温方法,避免了与线夹的接触,并且能够定点安装,实现了温度的实时监测。本文主要研究内容如下：阐述了接触网在线监测和线夹温度监测的意义,并对线夹温度监测的国内外现状以及红外测温的发展现状进行了分析；介绍了红外测温的基本原理,对三种不同的红外测温方法进行了比较,选取全辐射测温法作为接触网线夹测温的实现方法,提出了基于热释电探测器的测温系统整体方案；设计了各功能模块,电机控制电路实现对线夹的扫描测温,放大电路、滤波电路、检波电路、峰值检测电路等实现对传感器输出信号的调理；设计了单片机外围的数据采集和处理电路,对数据进行A/D转换和存储,并采集了环境温度；绘制了主程序流程图,并编写了中断处理程序、峰值判断程序、数据存取程序、环境温度采集程序和温度补偿程序；分析了环境辐射、辐射率、测温距离和硬件等因素对测温精度的影响,提出采用最小二乘法对测量得到的数据进行温度补偿和距离修正；实现了与太阳能电源和数据无线传输模块的联调,验证了温度在线监测装置的可行性。
Catenary line is the power source of electric locomotive running, it is the key equipment of electrified railway, ensure the stability of the catenary line performance have great significance to the safe running of the railway transport system. Local overheating and burns of the catenary line is one of the frequent faults, especially at failure-prone parts such as the electric connection clamp, dropper clip, switching device clamps and connection points, it is easy to appear abnormal overheating result in burned equipment, affect the locomotive's normal operation. The current monitoring methods can not be real-time accurately acquire the clamp's temperature, so on-line monitoring is particularly important to the abnormal points'temperature measure.
According to the heating and rising temperature problem of catenary line clamp devices, the paper proposes thermometry method based on the pyroelectric infrared technology, avoids contact between the clamp, and fixed installation, achieving real-time monitoring temperature. The main research contents of this paper are as follows:expounds the significance of the catenary line on-line monitoring and clamp temperature monitoring, the clamp temperature monitoring domestic and international situation and the development status of the infrared temperature measurement; introduces the basic principles of infrared thermometry, compares three different temperature measurement methods, selects the full radiation as the thermometry method of clamps, the pyroelectric detector, proposes the whole project of temperature measurement system based on the pyroelectric detector; designs every functional module, the motor control circuit achieves scanning temperature measurement of clamps, the amplifier circuit, filter circuit, detector circuit, peak detection circuit realizes the sensor output signal's conditioning; designs microcontroller's peripheral data acquisition and processing circuit, realizes the data A/D conversion and storage, and collects environmental temperature; draws the main program flow chart, and compiles the interrupt handling program, peak judgment program, data access program, environmental temperature collection procedures and temperature compensation program; analyzes the environmental radiation, emissivity, temperature measuring distance and hardware factors on the influence of the temperature measurement precision; proposes the least squares method for the measured data's temperature compensation and distance correction; realizes the debugging with solar power and wireless transmission module, verifies the feasibility of temperature on-line monitoring device.
引文
[1]于万聚.高速电气化铁路接触网[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2003.
[2]蔡培.接触网故障监测系统通信设计[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[3]侯晓峰.接触网设备电气烧伤的探讨[J].同煤科技,2010,(3)：14-15.□
[4]孟新安,郑社宁.接触网电连接线夹温度监控装置的研制[J].电气化铁道,2008,(04)：36-38.
[5]马时达.牵引供电中接触网设备电气烧伤及防治措施浅析[J].上海铁道科技,2008(02)：45-46.
[6]刘圣辉.铁路电气化在接触网监测方面的方案研究[J].黑龙江科技信息,2010,(20)：276.
[7]Satoshi Harada, Shunichi Kusumi. Monitoring of Overhead Contact Line Based on Contact Force[C]. The Institution of Engineering and Technology International Conference on Railway Condition Monitoring, Birmingham, 2006. Railway Condition Monitoring, 2006.
[8]孟祥奎,吴积钦.受电弓和接触网运行状态定点监测装置[J].电气化铁道,2010,(02)：32-34.
[9][德]Kieβling, Puschmann, Schmieder电气化铁道接触网：规划、设计、施工[M].中铁电气化局集团有限公司译.中国电力出版社,2004.
[10]聂绍龙.大距离系数红外测温理论及应用研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[11]王友鹏.基于ARM核的热释电红外测温仪的研制[D].南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[12]邱巍巍.红外测温技术应用于变电站图像监控系统的研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[13]苗玉杰.医用红外测温仪及温度补偿技术的研究[D].燕山大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[14]Anthony J. Holden. Applications of Pyroelectric Materials in Array-Based Detectors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control,2011,58(9).
[15]吕小平.热释电探测器综合理论模型分析[D].长春理工大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[16]Spyros Efthymiou, Krikor B Ozanyan. Advanced Simulator of Pyroelectric Detector Circuits and Associated Signal Processing[C]. IEEE Africon 2011-The Falls Resort and Conference Centre, Livingstone, 2011. Africon,2011.
[17]李军,刘梅冬等.热释电红外自动测温系统研究[J].传感器世界,2001,(2)：21-26.
[18]付小宁,牛建军,陈靖.光电探测技术与系统[M].电子工业出版社,2010.
[19]Piero Zappi, Elisabetta Farella, and Luca Benini. Tracking Motion Direction and Distance With Pyroelectric IR Sensors[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal,2010,10(9).
[20]Piero Zappi, Elisabetta Farella, Luca Benini. Pyroelectric InfraRed Sensors Based Distance Estimation. IEEE Sensors 2008 Conference, Lecce, 2008. Sensors 2008.
[21]项立.扫描式人体红外温度测量系统的研制[J].传感器技术,2004,23(2)：68-70.
[22]Zamshed Iqbal Chowdhury, Masudul Haider Imtiaz. Design and Implementation of Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor Based Security System Using Microcontroller[C]. Proceeding of the 2011 IEEE Students' Technology Symposium, Kharagpur, 2011.
[23]唐慧强,王友鹏.基于LPC2132的红外测温仪的研究[J].压电与声光,2008,30(2)：161-163.
[24]Zhen Liping, Si Shaowei. Infrared Temperature Measurement System Based on MSP430[C].2011 Third International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, Shangshai, China, 2011.
[25]Hu Yaobin, Jiang Yan, Zhang Chunliang. Energy Saving Control Device Based on Double Element Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor[C]. Proceedings of the 27th Chinese Control Conference, Kunming, Yunnan, China, 2008.
[26]张晔,杨卫,岳元等.基于热释电红外传感器探测距离影响因素的研究[J].红外与毫米波学报,2010,29(6)：448-451.
[27]李耀辉.菲涅尔镜片的知识和应用[J].电子制作,2003,(04)：55-56.
[28]Wu Haibin, Zhuang Kunsen, Liu Bo, Zheng Hongqing. Optical Design of Long-distant and Directional Flame Detection Based on Pyroelectric Sensor[C].2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems, Xiamen. China, 2010.
[29]苏永道.直流电动云台无触点驱动电路[J].电子世界,2002,(07)：50.
[30]李静,程安宇,陈卓.快速学通51单片机C语言程序设计[M].人民邮电出版社,2010.
[31]ZaihuaGuo, YuxueHuang, LiangfuLi. Research and Design Preamplifier Circuit of Atmospheric Electric Field Meter[C].2011 7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning, Chengdu, China, 2011.
[32]杨家树,关静.OP放大器电路及应用[M].科学出版社,2010.
[33]王昊,李听.集成运放应用电路设计360例[M].电子工业出版社,2007.
[34]Li Zhongshen. Design and Analysis of Improved Butterworth Low Pass Filter[C]. The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments, Xi'an, China, 2007.
[35]施风荣.锁相放大器的设计[J].湖南工业职业技术学院学报,2007,07(03)：5-7.
[36]Miguel Gabal, Nicolas Medrano, Belen Calvo, Santiago Celma. A Low-Voltage Single-Supply Analog Lock-in Amplifier for Wireless Embedded Applications[C].2010 European Workshop on Smart Objects:Systems, Technologies and Applications(RFID Sys Tech), Ciudad, Spain, 2010.
[37]刘洪英,史小军.带中断输出的实用峰值检波电路设计[J].电子器件,2003,26(1)：104-106.
[38]李凌,虞礼贞.电压幅值可达毫伏数量级的小信号峰值检测电路的设计[J].南昌大学学报,2003,27(4)：382-386.
[39]Tzung-Je Lee, Wei-Chih Hsiao, Chua-Chin Wang. 20 MHz Accurate Peak Detector for FPW Allergy Biosensor With Digital Calibration[C]. 2011 International Symposium on Integrated Circuits, Singapore, 2011.
[40]高伟.AT89单片机原理及应用[M].国防工业出版社,2008.
[41]陈涛.单片机应用及C51程序设计[M].第2版.机械工业出版社,2011.
[42]He Guanzhang, Yang Xiaojing, Chi Yilin, Dai Jie. Development of a System for Measuring the Variation of Friction Force on Reciprocating Wear Tester[C].2011 Third International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, Shangshai, China, 2011.
[43]Jie LI, Qiao JIANG, Xi-ning YU, Ying DU. Intelligent Temperature Detecting System[C].2010 International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Application, Changsha, China, 2010.
[44]梁明亮,王新强.单片机与ADC0832的接口技术[J].河南科技,2006,(8上)：48-49.
[45]杜洋.A/D转换芯片ADC0832的应用[J].电子制作,2006,(1)：44-46.
[46]Wei Shutao, Chen Lin, Cui Lili, Wang Zhenxing. Interface Design of EEPROM and Single Chip Micro Computer by IIC Bus[C].2009 International Conference on Information Management and Engineering, Kuala Lumpur, 2009.
[47]刘坤,宋戈等.51单片机C语言应用开发技术大全[M].人民邮电出版社,2008.
[48]Zhang Jianping. On-line Measure System of the Temperature in the Synthetic Ammonia Tower Based on the DS18B20 Temperature Sensor[C].2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China,2009.
[49]LI Ping, ZHOU Yucai, Xiangjun ZENG, YANG Ting-fang. A Design of the Temperature Test System Based on Grouping DS18B20[C].2007 Second IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, Harbin, China, 2007.
[50]陆延红,华钢,陈凤军等.基于最小二乘法的钢丝绳断丝定量检测技术研究[J].矿山 机械,2010,39(1)：55-59.
[51]张立新.基于最小二乘法的电容层析成像图像重建算法[D].哈尔滨理工大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[52]孙丽.距离对红外热像仪测温精度的影响研究[D].长春理工大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[53]Ruben Usamentiaga, Daniel F. Garcia. Temperature Measurement Using the Wedge Method:Comparison and Application to Emissivity Estimation and Compensation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurment, 2011,60(5).
[54]Liang Chen, Hongwei Gao, Yawei Zhao. Temperature Error in Casting Radiation Thermometry Caused by Emissivity Error and Measurement Wavelength[C].3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronic and Applications, Singapore, 2008.
[55]冯涛,李新,蔡睿洁等.热释电红外敏感器的温差响应特性[J].弹箭与制导学报,2010,30(5)：218-220.
[56]钟君.智能型太阳能路灯光伏电源控制器的研究与开发[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[57]刘建设,申涛.光伏电池最大功率点的分析与研究[J].机械研究与应用,2010,(04)：36-38.
[58]梁光胜,刘丹娟,郝福珍.基于CC2430的ZigBee无线网络节点设计[J].电子设计工程,2010,18(2)：15-18.
[59]秦旭.基于ZigBee技术的无线通信模块研究[D].哈尔滨理工大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[60]陈金法.电力设备载流部件红外诊断的相对温差判断法[J].浙江电力,2002,(03)：27-29.
[61]申大勇.电气设备载流部件红外诊断的相对温差判断法[J].无损检测,2011,33(1)：50-53.
[2]蔡培.接触网故障监测系统通信设计[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[3]侯晓峰.接触网设备电气烧伤的探讨[J].同煤科技,2010,(3)：14-15.□
[4]孟新安,郑社宁.接触网电连接线夹温度监控装置的研制[J].电气化铁道,2008,(04)：36-38.
[5]马时达.牵引供电中接触网设备电气烧伤及防治措施浅析[J].上海铁道科技,2008(02)：45-46.
[6]刘圣辉.铁路电气化在接触网监测方面的方案研究[J].黑龙江科技信息,2010,(20)：276.
[7]Satoshi Harada, Shunichi Kusumi. Monitoring of Overhead Contact Line Based on Contact Force[C]. The Institution of Engineering and Technology International Conference on Railway Condition Monitoring, Birmingham, 2006. Railway Condition Monitoring, 2006.
[8]孟祥奎,吴积钦.受电弓和接触网运行状态定点监测装置[J].电气化铁道,2010,(02)：32-34.
[9][德]Kieβling, Puschmann, Schmieder电气化铁道接触网：规划、设计、施工[M].中铁电气化局集团有限公司译.中国电力出版社,2004.
[10]聂绍龙.大距离系数红外测温理论及应用研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[11]王友鹏.基于ARM核的热释电红外测温仪的研制[D].南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[12]邱巍巍.红外测温技术应用于变电站图像监控系统的研究[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[13]苗玉杰.医用红外测温仪及温度补偿技术的研究[D].燕山大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[14]Anthony J. Holden. Applications of Pyroelectric Materials in Array-Based Detectors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control,2011,58(9).
[15]吕小平.热释电探测器综合理论模型分析[D].长春理工大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[16]Spyros Efthymiou, Krikor B Ozanyan. Advanced Simulator of Pyroelectric Detector Circuits and Associated Signal Processing[C]. IEEE Africon 2011-The Falls Resort and Conference Centre, Livingstone, 2011. Africon,2011.
[17]李军,刘梅冬等.热释电红外自动测温系统研究[J].传感器世界,2001,(2)：21-26.
[18]付小宁,牛建军,陈靖.光电探测技术与系统[M].电子工业出版社,2010.
[19]Piero Zappi, Elisabetta Farella, and Luca Benini. Tracking Motion Direction and Distance With Pyroelectric IR Sensors[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal,2010,10(9).
[20]Piero Zappi, Elisabetta Farella, Luca Benini. Pyroelectric InfraRed Sensors Based Distance Estimation. IEEE Sensors 2008 Conference, Lecce, 2008. Sensors 2008.
[21]项立.扫描式人体红外温度测量系统的研制[J].传感器技术,2004,23(2)：68-70.
[22]Zamshed Iqbal Chowdhury, Masudul Haider Imtiaz. Design and Implementation of Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor Based Security System Using Microcontroller[C]. Proceeding of the 2011 IEEE Students' Technology Symposium, Kharagpur, 2011.
[23]唐慧强,王友鹏.基于LPC2132的红外测温仪的研究[J].压电与声光,2008,30(2)：161-163.
[24]Zhen Liping, Si Shaowei. Infrared Temperature Measurement System Based on MSP430[C].2011 Third International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, Shangshai, China, 2011.
[25]Hu Yaobin, Jiang Yan, Zhang Chunliang. Energy Saving Control Device Based on Double Element Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor[C]. Proceedings of the 27th Chinese Control Conference, Kunming, Yunnan, China, 2008.
[26]张晔,杨卫,岳元等.基于热释电红外传感器探测距离影响因素的研究[J].红外与毫米波学报,2010,29(6)：448-451.
[27]李耀辉.菲涅尔镜片的知识和应用[J].电子制作,2003,(04)：55-56.
[28]Wu Haibin, Zhuang Kunsen, Liu Bo, Zheng Hongqing. Optical Design of Long-distant and Directional Flame Detection Based on Pyroelectric Sensor[C].2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems, Xiamen. China, 2010.
[29]苏永道.直流电动云台无触点驱动电路[J].电子世界,2002,(07)：50.
[30]李静,程安宇,陈卓.快速学通51单片机C语言程序设计[M].人民邮电出版社,2010.
[31]ZaihuaGuo, YuxueHuang, LiangfuLi. Research and Design Preamplifier Circuit of Atmospheric Electric Field Meter[C].2011 7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning, Chengdu, China, 2011.
[32]杨家树,关静.OP放大器电路及应用[M].科学出版社,2010.
[33]王昊,李听.集成运放应用电路设计360例[M].电子工业出版社,2007.
[34]Li Zhongshen. Design and Analysis of Improved Butterworth Low Pass Filter[C]. The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments, Xi'an, China, 2007.
[35]施风荣.锁相放大器的设计[J].湖南工业职业技术学院学报,2007,07(03)：5-7.
[36]Miguel Gabal, Nicolas Medrano, Belen Calvo, Santiago Celma. A Low-Voltage Single-Supply Analog Lock-in Amplifier for Wireless Embedded Applications[C].2010 European Workshop on Smart Objects:Systems, Technologies and Applications(RFID Sys Tech), Ciudad, Spain, 2010.
[37]刘洪英,史小军.带中断输出的实用峰值检波电路设计[J].电子器件,2003,26(1)：104-106.
[38]李凌,虞礼贞.电压幅值可达毫伏数量级的小信号峰值检测电路的设计[J].南昌大学学报,2003,27(4)：382-386.
[39]Tzung-Je Lee, Wei-Chih Hsiao, Chua-Chin Wang. 20 MHz Accurate Peak Detector for FPW Allergy Biosensor With Digital Calibration[C]. 2011 International Symposium on Integrated Circuits, Singapore, 2011.
[40]高伟.AT89单片机原理及应用[M].国防工业出版社,2008.
[41]陈涛.单片机应用及C51程序设计[M].第2版.机械工业出版社,2011.
[42]He Guanzhang, Yang Xiaojing, Chi Yilin, Dai Jie. Development of a System for Measuring the Variation of Friction Force on Reciprocating Wear Tester[C].2011 Third International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, Shangshai, China, 2011.
[43]Jie LI, Qiao JIANG, Xi-ning YU, Ying DU. Intelligent Temperature Detecting System[C].2010 International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Application, Changsha, China, 2010.
[44]梁明亮,王新强.单片机与ADC0832的接口技术[J].河南科技,2006,(8上)：48-49.
[45]杜洋.A/D转换芯片ADC0832的应用[J].电子制作,2006,(1)：44-46.
[46]Wei Shutao, Chen Lin, Cui Lili, Wang Zhenxing. Interface Design of EEPROM and Single Chip Micro Computer by IIC Bus[C].2009 International Conference on Information Management and Engineering, Kuala Lumpur, 2009.
[47]刘坤,宋戈等.51单片机C语言应用开发技术大全[M].人民邮电出版社,2008.
[48]Zhang Jianping. On-line Measure System of the Temperature in the Synthetic Ammonia Tower Based on the DS18B20 Temperature Sensor[C].2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China,2009.
[49]LI Ping, ZHOU Yucai, Xiangjun ZENG, YANG Ting-fang. A Design of the Temperature Test System Based on Grouping DS18B20[C].2007 Second IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, Harbin, China, 2007.
[50]陆延红,华钢,陈凤军等.基于最小二乘法的钢丝绳断丝定量检测技术研究[J].矿山 机械,2010,39(1)：55-59.
[51]张立新.基于最小二乘法的电容层析成像图像重建算法[D].哈尔滨理工大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[52]孙丽.距离对红外热像仪测温精度的影响研究[D].长春理工大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[53]Ruben Usamentiaga, Daniel F. Garcia. Temperature Measurement Using the Wedge Method:Comparison and Application to Emissivity Estimation and Compensation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurment, 2011,60(5).
[54]Liang Chen, Hongwei Gao, Yawei Zhao. Temperature Error in Casting Radiation Thermometry Caused by Emissivity Error and Measurement Wavelength[C].3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronic and Applications, Singapore, 2008.
[55]冯涛,李新,蔡睿洁等.热释电红外敏感器的温差响应特性[J].弹箭与制导学报,2010,30(5)：218-220.
[56]钟君.智能型太阳能路灯光伏电源控制器的研究与开发[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[57]刘建设,申涛.光伏电池最大功率点的分析与研究[J].机械研究与应用,2010,(04)：36-38.
[58]梁光胜,刘丹娟,郝福珍.基于CC2430的ZigBee无线网络节点设计[J].电子设计工程,2010,18(2)：15-18.
[59]秦旭.基于ZigBee技术的无线通信模块研究[D].哈尔滨理工大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[60]陈金法.电力设备载流部件红外诊断的相对温差判断法[J].浙江电力,2002,(03)：27-29.
[61]申大勇.电气设备载流部件红外诊断的相对温差判断法[J].无损检测,2011,33(1)：50-53.