全球价值链视角下的宁波装备制造业产业升级
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摘要
装备制造业是国民经济的重要支柱，对提升一国的核心竞争力来说至关重要，更被美誉为“工业之母”。纵观美、日、德、法等工业强国皆因强大的装备制造业而高速发展，从而吸引了全世界的专家学者对装备制造业的关注。而其中如何保持装备制造业的可持续发展，并掌握装备制造业产业升级路径是许多专家学者关注的核心问题。目前来看，对装备制造业产业升级的研究大部分以内部结构升级为主，将全球价值链引入装备制造业产业升级还缺乏理论性、系统性和实证性。在全球化的背景和趋势之下，现代化国际港口城市宁波将如何嵌入全球价值链，如何在全球价值链中有效升级？是一个重要而紧迫的命题。本文以既有的全球价值链理论、产业创新理论和产业升级理论等相关理论为基础，以产业创新为主线，深入探讨装备制造业产业升级的路径。
本文采用了理论分析、实证调查和统计分析等研究方法。本文从价值链的视角，对宁波装备制造业基本面进行了全面的分析。分析得出：影响宁波装备制造业产业升级的因素即有内在因素也有外在因素，其中内在因素是指企业自身发展的需要，包括人才、资金以及创新,外在因素则是指经济的全球化。通过对宁波装备制造业的SWOT分析,能够一目了然的看到宁波装备制造业的优势、劣势、机遇以及威胁。通过调查问卷的方式来获得本次研究所需的相关数据，问卷发放以抽样调查的方式进行，共向宁波地区150多家装备制造企业发放了调查问卷，最终收回有效问卷90份。利用收回的有效问卷，采用多重线性回归模型和逐步回归模型进行逐步回归分析，同时选取了宁波装备制造业产业升级两个典范：宁波海天塑料机械有限公司和吉利汽车有限公司进行剖析。
通过理论分析和实证研究得出以下结论：第一，宁波装备制造业产业升级的路径：即产品升级、产业升级、管理模式升级、商业模式升级、融资渠道升级、市场升级和企业战略升级。第二，针对宁波宁波装备制造业产业升级存在的问题和不足，提出加速宁波装备制造业产业升级的策略行为：即加强自主创新能力、拓展融资渠道、积极完善财税政策、建立管理培训体系、促进行业协会的发展、完善服务平台。
产业创新对经济发展是益处颇多的，鉴于宁波装备制造业还处于全球价值链的中低端，所以应充分发挥产业创新对宁波装备制造业的促进作用，不断推动产业链向全球价值链的高端攀升，嵌入全球价值链的高端，使其具备可持续发展的能力，以产业创新带动产业升级，最终形成良性发展。当然产业创新依旧是一个动态的过程，产业创新没有止境，所以我们的研究将会永无休止。
As an important pillar of the national economy, equipment manufacturing industryrepresents a national and regional level of manufacturing industry. Known as "the motherof industry", it is essential for a country to enhance its core competitiveness. Countriessuch as United States，Japan and Germany, etc. become very powerful because of thehigh-speed development of equipment manufacturing industry. Thereby it attracts expertsand scholars around the world to focus on equipment manufacturing industry. How tomaintain the sustainable development of the equipment manufacturing industry, andgrasp the equipment manufacturing industry upgrading path is the core concern of manyexperts and scholars.At present, the research of the upgrading of equipmentmanufacturing industry mainly focus on the internal structure. The upgrading ofequipment manufacturing industry by the view of the global value chain lacks oftheoretical property, systematicness and empirical evidence. Under the background andthe trend of globalization, how will Ningbo, an international port city upgrade in theglobal value chain is an important and urgent task. Based on the existing global valuechain theory, theory of industrial innovation and industry upgrading theory of industrialinnovation, using industrial innovation as the main line, this paper studies the upgradingof equipment manufacturing industry in-depth.
This paper adopts the research methods of theoretical analysis, empiricalinvestigation and statistical analysis. In this paper, from the perspective of the valuechain, made a comprehensive analysis on the Ningbo equipment manufacturing industryfundamentals. There are the internal factors and external factors about the influencefactors of Ningbo equipment manufacturing industry upgrading. The internal factorsrefer to the enterprise's own development needs, including personnel, capital andinnovation, the external factor is that the globalization of the economy. Through theSWOT of the equipment manufacturing industry in Ningbo analysis, the strength,weakness, opportunities and threats of Ningbo equipment manufacturing can stick out.The relevant data this study required are obtained through questionnaires, to a total ofmore than150Ningbo equipment manufacturing enterprises were issued questionnaires, 90valid questionnaires. All the data is analysized stepwise regression by the effectivequestionnaires, using multiple linear regression model and stepwise regression model.Then two tipical examples of Ningbo equipment manufacturing industry are used toanalyze upgrading: Ningbo Haitian Plastics Machinery Co., Ltd. and Geely AutomobileCo. ltd..
The following conclusions are drawen through theoretical analysis and empiricalstudy: first, Ningbo equipment manufacturing industry upgrading path: productupgrading, industrial upgrading, management mode, business mode upgrading, financingchannels upgrading, market and enterprise strategic upgrading. Second, according to theexisting problems and shortcomings of Ningbo equipment manufacturing industryupgrading, put forward Ningbo equipment manufacturing industry upgrading strategybehavior: namely, to strengthen the capability of independent innovation, expandfinancing channels, and actively improve the fiscal and taxation policy, to establishmanagement training system, promote the development industry associations andimprove service platforms.
Industrial innovation is advantageous to economic development, in view of theequipment manufacturing industry in Ningbo is still in the low and middle end of theglobal value chain, so we should give full play to industrial innovation of the equipmentmanufacturing industry in Ningbo to promote the role of the industrial chain, andconstantly promote the rising to the global value chain, which possess ability ofsustainable development, promote industrial upgrading through industrial innovation,eventually forming the benign development. But the industrial innovation is a dynamicprocess, the industrial innovation is endless, so our research will always be there.
本文采用了理论分析、实证调查和统计分析等研究方法。本文从价值链的视角，对宁波装备制造业基本面进行了全面的分析。分析得出：影响宁波装备制造业产业升级的因素即有内在因素也有外在因素，其中内在因素是指企业自身发展的需要，包括人才、资金以及创新,外在因素则是指经济的全球化。通过对宁波装备制造业的SWOT分析,能够一目了然的看到宁波装备制造业的优势、劣势、机遇以及威胁。通过调查问卷的方式来获得本次研究所需的相关数据，问卷发放以抽样调查的方式进行，共向宁波地区150多家装备制造企业发放了调查问卷，最终收回有效问卷90份。利用收回的有效问卷，采用多重线性回归模型和逐步回归模型进行逐步回归分析，同时选取了宁波装备制造业产业升级两个典范：宁波海天塑料机械有限公司和吉利汽车有限公司进行剖析。
通过理论分析和实证研究得出以下结论：第一，宁波装备制造业产业升级的路径：即产品升级、产业升级、管理模式升级、商业模式升级、融资渠道升级、市场升级和企业战略升级。第二，针对宁波宁波装备制造业产业升级存在的问题和不足，提出加速宁波装备制造业产业升级的策略行为：即加强自主创新能力、拓展融资渠道、积极完善财税政策、建立管理培训体系、促进行业协会的发展、完善服务平台。
产业创新对经济发展是益处颇多的，鉴于宁波装备制造业还处于全球价值链的中低端，所以应充分发挥产业创新对宁波装备制造业的促进作用，不断推动产业链向全球价值链的高端攀升，嵌入全球价值链的高端，使其具备可持续发展的能力，以产业创新带动产业升级，最终形成良性发展。当然产业创新依旧是一个动态的过程，产业创新没有止境，所以我们的研究将会永无休止。
As an important pillar of the national economy, equipment manufacturing industryrepresents a national and regional level of manufacturing industry. Known as "the motherof industry", it is essential for a country to enhance its core competitiveness. Countriessuch as United States，Japan and Germany, etc. become very powerful because of thehigh-speed development of equipment manufacturing industry. Thereby it attracts expertsand scholars around the world to focus on equipment manufacturing industry. How tomaintain the sustainable development of the equipment manufacturing industry, andgrasp the equipment manufacturing industry upgrading path is the core concern of manyexperts and scholars.At present, the research of the upgrading of equipmentmanufacturing industry mainly focus on the internal structure. The upgrading ofequipment manufacturing industry by the view of the global value chain lacks oftheoretical property, systematicness and empirical evidence. Under the background andthe trend of globalization, how will Ningbo, an international port city upgrade in theglobal value chain is an important and urgent task. Based on the existing global valuechain theory, theory of industrial innovation and industry upgrading theory of industrialinnovation, using industrial innovation as the main line, this paper studies the upgradingof equipment manufacturing industry in-depth.
This paper adopts the research methods of theoretical analysis, empiricalinvestigation and statistical analysis. In this paper, from the perspective of the valuechain, made a comprehensive analysis on the Ningbo equipment manufacturing industryfundamentals. There are the internal factors and external factors about the influencefactors of Ningbo equipment manufacturing industry upgrading. The internal factorsrefer to the enterprise's own development needs, including personnel, capital andinnovation, the external factor is that the globalization of the economy. Through theSWOT of the equipment manufacturing industry in Ningbo analysis, the strength,weakness, opportunities and threats of Ningbo equipment manufacturing can stick out.The relevant data this study required are obtained through questionnaires, to a total ofmore than150Ningbo equipment manufacturing enterprises were issued questionnaires, 90valid questionnaires. All the data is analysized stepwise regression by the effectivequestionnaires, using multiple linear regression model and stepwise regression model.Then two tipical examples of Ningbo equipment manufacturing industry are used toanalyze upgrading: Ningbo Haitian Plastics Machinery Co., Ltd. and Geely AutomobileCo. ltd..
The following conclusions are drawen through theoretical analysis and empiricalstudy: first, Ningbo equipment manufacturing industry upgrading path: productupgrading, industrial upgrading, management mode, business mode upgrading, financingchannels upgrading, market and enterprise strategic upgrading. Second, according to theexisting problems and shortcomings of Ningbo equipment manufacturing industryupgrading, put forward Ningbo equipment manufacturing industry upgrading strategybehavior: namely, to strengthen the capability of independent innovation, expandfinancing channels, and actively improve the fiscal and taxation policy, to establishmanagement training system, promote the development industry associations andimprove service platforms.
Industrial innovation is advantageous to economic development, in view of theequipment manufacturing industry in Ningbo is still in the low and middle end of theglobal value chain, so we should give full play to industrial innovation of the equipmentmanufacturing industry in Ningbo to promote the role of the industrial chain, andconstantly promote the rising to the global value chain, which possess ability ofsustainable development, promote industrial upgrading through industrial innovation,eventually forming the benign development. But the industrial innovation is a dynamicprocess, the industrial innovation is endless, so our research will always be there.
引文
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