元胡止痛控释片和清热凝胶的研究
|
摘要
元胡止痛方是临床常用有效方剂,该方由延胡索和白芷两味中药组成,具有理气、活血、止痛的功效,用于气滞血瘀的胃痛、胁痛、头痛和月经疼痛。将元胡止痛方由普通片剂改为控释片,可以达到快速止痛,长期镇痛的效果。元胡止痛控释片研究主要从以下四个方面进行:采用正交设计,考察延胡索和白芷的提取参数,确定延胡索和白芷的最佳提取工艺,提取、精制元胡止痛片的有效部位群。采用双层片制剂工艺,将元胡止痛控释片设计为速释片层和控释片层两部分。通过实验确定各部分药物与骨架材料的最佳配比。以延胡索乙素和欧前胡素为考察指标,采用HPLC法对元胡止痛控释片的主要有效成分进行了含量测定,提高了质量标准。考察元胡止痛控释片的体外溶出度,探讨释药模式。
凝胶剂是近年来出现的新剂型,制法简便,使用方便。儿童口服型凝胶剂是针对儿童服药难的问题研发的一种中药创新剂型。清热凝胶处方源于我国名老中医验方,具有疏风清热、养阴活血、利咽止痛之功效,用于治疗小儿发热、咽喉肿痛等症。清热凝胶的研发包括六方面内容:以卡拉胶和魔芋粉为主要基质材料,采用正交设计和实验,确定凝胶成型的最佳处方配比。在文献调研和参考生产实际的基础上,对金银花、连翘、薄荷、丹皮等以挥发油为主要有效成分的四味药材采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油;对赤芍、板蓝根、地黄、白茅根等以皂苷、黄酮、萜类为主要有效成分的八味中药,采用正交设计和实验,确定水提醇沉的最佳工艺;对大黄、川贝母、玄参等以蒽醌、生物碱为主要有效成分的四味中药,采用正交设计和实验,确定乙醇提取的最佳工艺。按照基质成型和药材提取确定的工艺参数,进行中试生产,验证工艺路线的合理性和可行性。采用TLC法对赤芍、金银花、板蓝根、玄参等药材进行定性鉴别。采用HPLC法,对药品中大黄素和大黄酚进行含量测定,制定定量限度。从抗炎、解热、镇痛等三方面着手,进行体外和体内实验,揭示其治疗机理。进行急性毒性和长期毒性试验,评价其安全性。
Yuanhuzhitong tablet is an effective prescription commonly used in clinic. It is made up with Rhizaoma Corydalis and Radix Angelica Dahuricae and has the effect of regulating qi, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, the prescription is usually used in stomachalgia, hypohondriac pain, headache and menstruation pain due to qi stagnation and blood stasis. In this dissertation, we try to reform it to be controlled-release preparation, which can promptly and permanently take analgesia effect. The R&D of Yuanhuzhitong controlled-release tablet(CRT)is performed as follows. Firstly, we confirm the optimizing extract process of Rhizaoma Corydalis and Radix Angelica Dahuricae by applying orthogonal design and test, in order to extract and purify the effective constituent groups of Yuanhuzhitong tablet. Secondly, we design the Yuanhuzhitong CRT as double layers tablets by applying double layers tablet manufacture procedure, one is the quickly releasing lamella, the other is sustained releasing lamella. Thirdly, we confirm the optimizing ratio of active constituents and excipients in the different lamella. Fourthly, taking tetrahydropalmatine and imperatorin as index, we establish the content examination by HPLC, enhance the quality standard. Fifthly, we conduct dissolution test of Yuanhuzhitong CRT to discuss the drug releasing model.
Gel is a new preparation emerging in recent years, which can easily be manufactured and used. The child gel is a new Chinese medicine preparation, which can resolve the children’s difficulty when taking medicine. Qingre gel is a prescription derived from an old proved recipe, which has the effect of dispelling wind and clearing away heat, nourishing yin and activate blood, and smoothing throat and reliving pain. And this preparation can treat child fever, sore throat, and so on. The R&D of Qingre gel includes in six aspects as below. The first, taking carrageenin and konjaku flour as main fundamental material, we confirm the optimizing ratio by applying orthogonal design and test. The second, as to Flos Lonicerae Japonicae, Fructus Forsythiae, Herba Menthae, which active constituent is essential oil, we use steam distillation to extract the essential oil; as to Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Isatidis, Radix Rehmanniae, Rhizoma Imperatae, which active constituent is saponins, flavone, terpene, we confirm the optimizing process of water extract and alcohol sediment by applying orthogonal design and test; as to Radix et Rhizoma Rhei , Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Radix scrophulariae, which active constituent is anthraquinones , alkaloid, we confirm the optimizing process of alcohol extract by applying orthogonal design and test. The third, according to the result of above tests, we try to manufacture the Qingre gel, in order to verify the rationality and feasibility of process. The fourth, establishing the qualitative analysis method of Flos Lonicerae, Radix scrophulariae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Isatidis by TLC, and establishing quantitative analysis method to examine the content of emodin and chrysophanol by HPLC. The fifth, conducting experiments in vivo and in vitro to illustrate the therapeutical mechanism from the different aspects, such as antiflammatiom, antipyretic analgesic, antivirus, antisepsis. The sixth, conducting the acute toxicity and chronical toxicity to evaluate the safety of the Qingre gel.
凝胶剂是近年来出现的新剂型,制法简便,使用方便。儿童口服型凝胶剂是针对儿童服药难的问题研发的一种中药创新剂型。清热凝胶处方源于我国名老中医验方,具有疏风清热、养阴活血、利咽止痛之功效,用于治疗小儿发热、咽喉肿痛等症。清热凝胶的研发包括六方面内容:以卡拉胶和魔芋粉为主要基质材料,采用正交设计和实验,确定凝胶成型的最佳处方配比。在文献调研和参考生产实际的基础上,对金银花、连翘、薄荷、丹皮等以挥发油为主要有效成分的四味药材采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油;对赤芍、板蓝根、地黄、白茅根等以皂苷、黄酮、萜类为主要有效成分的八味中药,采用正交设计和实验,确定水提醇沉的最佳工艺;对大黄、川贝母、玄参等以蒽醌、生物碱为主要有效成分的四味中药,采用正交设计和实验,确定乙醇提取的最佳工艺。按照基质成型和药材提取确定的工艺参数,进行中试生产,验证工艺路线的合理性和可行性。采用TLC法对赤芍、金银花、板蓝根、玄参等药材进行定性鉴别。采用HPLC法,对药品中大黄素和大黄酚进行含量测定,制定定量限度。从抗炎、解热、镇痛等三方面着手,进行体外和体内实验,揭示其治疗机理。进行急性毒性和长期毒性试验,评价其安全性。
Yuanhuzhitong tablet is an effective prescription commonly used in clinic. It is made up with Rhizaoma Corydalis and Radix Angelica Dahuricae and has the effect of regulating qi, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, the prescription is usually used in stomachalgia, hypohondriac pain, headache and menstruation pain due to qi stagnation and blood stasis. In this dissertation, we try to reform it to be controlled-release preparation, which can promptly and permanently take analgesia effect. The R&D of Yuanhuzhitong controlled-release tablet(CRT)is performed as follows. Firstly, we confirm the optimizing extract process of Rhizaoma Corydalis and Radix Angelica Dahuricae by applying orthogonal design and test, in order to extract and purify the effective constituent groups of Yuanhuzhitong tablet. Secondly, we design the Yuanhuzhitong CRT as double layers tablets by applying double layers tablet manufacture procedure, one is the quickly releasing lamella, the other is sustained releasing lamella. Thirdly, we confirm the optimizing ratio of active constituents and excipients in the different lamella. Fourthly, taking tetrahydropalmatine and imperatorin as index, we establish the content examination by HPLC, enhance the quality standard. Fifthly, we conduct dissolution test of Yuanhuzhitong CRT to discuss the drug releasing model.
Gel is a new preparation emerging in recent years, which can easily be manufactured and used. The child gel is a new Chinese medicine preparation, which can resolve the children’s difficulty when taking medicine. Qingre gel is a prescription derived from an old proved recipe, which has the effect of dispelling wind and clearing away heat, nourishing yin and activate blood, and smoothing throat and reliving pain. And this preparation can treat child fever, sore throat, and so on. The R&D of Qingre gel includes in six aspects as below. The first, taking carrageenin and konjaku flour as main fundamental material, we confirm the optimizing ratio by applying orthogonal design and test. The second, as to Flos Lonicerae Japonicae, Fructus Forsythiae, Herba Menthae, which active constituent is essential oil, we use steam distillation to extract the essential oil; as to Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Isatidis, Radix Rehmanniae, Rhizoma Imperatae, which active constituent is saponins, flavone, terpene, we confirm the optimizing process of water extract and alcohol sediment by applying orthogonal design and test; as to Radix et Rhizoma Rhei , Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Radix scrophulariae, which active constituent is anthraquinones , alkaloid, we confirm the optimizing process of alcohol extract by applying orthogonal design and test. The third, according to the result of above tests, we try to manufacture the Qingre gel, in order to verify the rationality and feasibility of process. The fourth, establishing the qualitative analysis method of Flos Lonicerae, Radix scrophulariae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Isatidis by TLC, and establishing quantitative analysis method to examine the content of emodin and chrysophanol by HPLC. The fifth, conducting experiments in vivo and in vitro to illustrate the therapeutical mechanism from the different aspects, such as antiflammatiom, antipyretic analgesic, antivirus, antisepsis. The sixth, conducting the acute toxicity and chronical toxicity to evaluate the safety of the Qingre gel.
引文
[1]毕殿洲主编.药剂学(第四版).北京:人民卫生出版社,1999,77～78.
[2]钱亚琴,刘汉清,庄炜,等.中药缓释、控释制剂的研究进展.广西中医学院学报,2004,7(3):78~81.
[3]白仙娥、白静、任国莲,等.控缓释制剂的研究进展及其临床应用.中国药物与临床,2004,4(9):701～703.
[4]张向荣,王岩,尹风强,等.总丹酚酸胃内滞留缓释片的研制.中成药,2003,25(5):349~351. ~993.
[5]景秋芳,任福正,沈永嘉.葛根素缓释片释放度的研究.中草药,2002,33(11):991.
[6]陆彬主编.药物新剂型与新技术(第二版).北京:人民卫生出版社,2005:371~377.
[7]刘袖洞,何洋,刘群.微胶囊及其在生物医学领域的应用.科学通报,2000,45(23):2476-2483.
[8]钳户朝治,阎世翔译.微胶囊工艺学.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1989.
[9]梁治齐.微胶囊技术及其应用.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999.
[10]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典2005年版.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,180~181.
[11]刘产明,杨洪元,徐建春.胃幽净漂浮片的体外溶出度试验.中成药,1998,20(12):3~5.
[12]魏树辉,何仲贵,王立云.盐酸青藤碱口服渗透泵控释片的制备及释药影响因素考察.沈阳药科大学学报,2003,20(3):165~169.
[13]程怡,李燕南.首届全国新型给药技术与中药现代化学术研讨会论文集.北京:清华大学,2002.
[14]程鲁榕.对速释、缓释制剂的药代动力学试验思考要点.世界科学技术——中药现代化,2002,4(3):47~50.
[15]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典2005年版.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,362~363.
[16]李时珍.本草纲目.北京:中国古籍出版社1997,655.
[17]李时珍.本草纲目.北京:中国古籍出版社1997,685~687.
[18]何兰茜,潘琦,刘佩华.用微丸技术制备元胡止痛胶囊与元胡止痛片溶出度的比较.中成药,2001,23 (4):240～243.
[19]张德恩,魏英田,张家燕.元胡止痛滴丸治疗头痛、胃痛及胁痛65例分析.医学理论与实践,2003,16 (10):1 151～1 152.
[20]胡志方,朱卫丰,郭慧玲.元胡止痛胃漂浮型控释片初步研究.中成药,2002,24(8):573～575.
[21]苏乐群,顾卫平,张曼红,等.元胡止痛分散片的制备工艺研究.中成药,2006,28(11):1417-1420.
[22]杨玲霞,王兰霞,张伯崇.薄层扫描法测定元胡止痛滴丸中延胡索乙素的含量.中成药,2001,23(12):869~871.
[23]魏慧珍,饶毅,王义明,等.毛细管电泳法测定元胡止痛片和元胡止痛口服液中延胡索乙素的含量.药物分析杂志,2002,22(4):272~274.
[24]刘萍,辛勋,马汉林.离子对比色法测定元胡止痛片中总生物碱的含量.湖北医科大学学报,2000,21(3):112~114.
[25]姜舜尧.高效液相色谱法测定元胡止痛片中脱氢延胡索碱的含量.中国中药杂志,2000,25(8):479~512.
[26]郭红学,苏霞,李展.薄层扫描法测定元胡止痛片中延胡索乙素含量.现代中药研究与实践,2003,17(2):45.
[27]崔晓光,张立敏,金橙,等.双波长扫描法测定元胡止痛片中延胡索乙素含量.辽宁药物与临床,2002,5(增刊):4.
[28]陈蕴,刘超,郭典胜,等.元胡止痛口服液质量标准的研究.中国实验方剂学杂志,2002,8(4):7~8.
[29]李延雪,苏玉娟,宋宝鹏. HPLC法测定元胡止痛片中延胡索乙素的含量.中国药事,2006,20(9):544～545.
[30]高长清,王培军,宋步昌,等.高效液相色谱法测定元胡止痛片中延胡索乙素的含量.山东中医杂志,2003,22(6):365~366.
[31]陈志桃,陈丽香,陈胜辉,等.高效液相色谱法测定元胡止痛片中延胡索乙素的含量.海峡药学,2004,16(3):51～53.
[32]陈洪宝,李彩荣,杨庆胜,等.高效液相色谱法测定元胡止痛片中延胡索乙素的含量.时珍国医国药,2006,17(9):1701～1702.
[33]杨立志,姜雪敏,王云龙. HPLC法测定元胡止痛片中欧前胡素的含量.齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2006,27(18):2234～2235.
[34]朱央央,余伯阳. RP-HPLC测定元胡止痛方中延胡索乙素和欧前胡素的含量.中成药,2004,26(6):455～458.
[35]孙巍,窦志英,高璎. HPLC法同时测定元胡止痛片中3种有效成分的含量.天津中医药,2006,23(10):426～428.
[36]陈国华,孙阔,张社卿.元胡止痛片治疗偏头痛176例.光明中医,2003,18 (5):46～47.
[37]汪硕.元胡止痛颗粒剂治疗癌痛观察.江西中医药,1995,(增刊):28～29.
[38]张德恩,魏英田,张家燕.元胡止痛滴丸治疗头痛、胃痛及胁痛65例分析.医学理论与实践,2003,16 (10):1151～1152.
[39]杨小平,陈宝玲.元胡止痛口服液治疗气滞血瘀型胃脘痛31例临床观察,中国中医药科技,1999,6(6):403.
[40]江苏中医学院.现代中药学大辞典.北京:人民卫生出版,2001,857.
[41]傅小勇、梁文藻、涂国士.延胡索生物碱的化学研究-Ⅶ元胡块茎中的生物碱中草药,1986,17(2):5.
[42]傅小勇、梁文藻、涂国士.元胡生物碱的化学研究Ⅱ东阳元胡地上部分的生物碱.药物分析杂志,1986,6(1):6.
[43]肖培根.《新编中药志》.北京:化学工业出版社2002,440~450.
[44]金国章.左旋四氢巴马汀和它的第二代新药——左旋千金藤啶碱的药理研究进展.药学学报, 1987,22:472.
[45] Hu JY, J In GZ. Effect of tetrahydropalmatine analogues on Fos expression induced by formalin pain. Acta Pharmaco Sin, 1999, 20 (3) : 193.
[46] Hu JY, J in GZ. Supraspinal D2 receptor involved in antinociception induced by 1-tetrahydropalmatine. Acta Pharmaco Sin,1999, 20 (8) : 715.
[47]金国章,胡江元.颅痛定(rotundine)的镇痛作用机制与多巴胺受体——中药延胡索研究的系统论坛.见:金正均,王永铭,苏定冯主编.药理学进展(1999) .北京:科学出版社,1999,64～73 .
[48] Lin MT, et al. The protective effect of dl - tetrahydropalmatine against the development of amygdale kindling seizures in rats. Neurosci Lett,2002,320 (3):113.
[49] Chang CK, et al. dl - Tetrahydropalmatine may act through inhibition of amygdalorid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats. neurosci Lett. 2001.
[50]陈礼平、王德士、陈文莉,等.可达灵片治疗冠心病、心绞痛及急性心肌梗塞疗效观察.现代应用药学,1996,13(4):56.
[51]闵清.延胡索乙素对异丙肾上腺素所致心肌坏死的保护作用.中医药学报,2001,29(4):44.
[52] Huang K, Dai GZ, L iXH, et al. Blocking L-calcium current by l-tetrahydropalmatine in single ventricular myocyte of guinea pigs. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 1999, 20 (10) : 907.
[53]秦秀蓉,汤燕.超声法提取延胡索有效部分的工艺研究.成都中医药大学学报,2005,28(4):48～52.
[54]谢彩娟,张志琪.超声提取延胡索总生物碱的研究.西北药学杂志,2005,20(4):153～154.
[55]刘俊红,魏峻峰,王洪志,等.大孔吸附树脂在延胡索生物碱提取分离中的应用.中草药,2002,33(1):37～38.
[56]陈洪燕,万明,孙金霞.均匀设计延胡索提取工艺的研究.湖北中医杂志,2006,28(7):54～55.
[57]邹节明,王力生,云强.延胡索生物碱溶出规律的研究.中草药,2002,33(5):416～417.
[58]熊英,杨忠厚,尔凤君.延胡索有效部位提取工艺研究.天津药学,2006,18(5):5~7.
[59]邱蓉丽,李祥,陈建伟,等.延胡索总碱提取方法研究.中医药研究,2000,16(5):50～51.
[60]张海霞,邱蓉丽,李祥,等.玄胡索散配伍和提取溶剂对有效成分溶出率的影响.南京中医药大学学报,2003,19(2):96～97.
[61]王立人,李宏宇,谢成科.白芷中香豆精类成分的反相高效液相色谱测定.药学学报,1990,25(2):131.
[62]Kozawa,Mitsugi,Baba,Kimiye. Shoyakugaku zasshi. 1981,35(2):90 .
[63]Shlyunko,E. K,Shagora,LZ. Khim. Prir. Soedin,1997,(2):280.
[64]Kwon, Yang Soo, Kim, Chang Min. Coumarin Glycosides from the roots of Angelica dahurica,Saengyak Hakhoechi. 1992,23(4):221.
[65]李宠宇,戴跃进,谢成科,等.不同商品的白芷的药理研究.中国中药杂,1991,16(9):560.
[66]Kimura-Y,Okuda-H,Baba-K. Histamine-Release Effectors From Angelica Dahurica Var. Dahurica Roots Journal of Natural Products ,1997,60(3):249.
[67]Lechner D , Stavri M , Oluwat uyi M , et al. The anti-staphylococcal activity of angelica dahurica (Bai Zhi). Photochemistry ,2004 ,65 (3): 3311.
[68]Schinella GR ,Tournier HA ,Prieto JM , et al . Inhibition of trypanosomacruzi growth by medical plant extracts. Fitoterapia ,2002,73 (7～8): 5691.
[69]郑铁生,韩伟国,姜旭淦.菌霉克星防霉剂的研究.中国药科大学学报,1996,27(5):277.
[70]苏晓红,高玉祥.白芷外用加长波紫外线照射对豚鼠ACD的影响及表皮LC的关联.蚌埠医学院学报,1988,13 (1):52.
[71]郑虎占,董泽宏,佘靖主编.中药现代研究与应用第2卷.北京:学苑出版社,1997:111～121.
[72]周继铭,余朝菁,杭宜卿,等.白芷的研究(Ⅵ)有效成分光毒活性的测定.中国医院药学杂志,1988,8(5):2201.
[73]欧兴长,张建兴. 126种中药抗凝血酶作用的实验观察.中草药,1987,(4):21.
[74] Bergendroff -O , Dekermendjian-K. Furanocoumarins with Affinity to Brain Benzodiazepine Receptors in Vitro. Photochemistry,1997,44(6):1121.
[75] Okuyama T, Louis gerstner JR, Fichera RS. et al. Studies on the antitumor promoting activity of naturally occurring SubstancesⅡ. Inhibition of tumor - promoter enhanced phospholipid metabolism by mbelliflrous materials . Chem.Pharm Bull ,1990 ,37(4) :38.
[76] Oh H,Lee HS,Kim T , et al. Furocoumarins from angelicadahurica with hepatoprotective activity on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Planta Med,2002,68 (5):4631.
[77]陈贤春,王玉蓉,路世鹏,等.白芷提取工艺的研究.中成药,2005,27(2):145~147.
[78]肖丹,边燕红,马逾英,等.白芷配方颗粒的提取工艺研究.中国中药杂志,2006,31(12):1021～1022.
[79]贾英,孙振蛟,包文芳.正交设计法优选白芷的提取工艺.沈阳药科大学学报,2005,22 (3):217~219.
[80]王婷婷,李丹毅,李清.正交试验法优选白芷的提取工艺.沈阳药科大学学报,2007,24 (5 ):310~314.
[81]李卫民,金波,冯毅凡.中药现代化与超临界流体萃取技术.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002,165.
[82]尹钟民.微胶囊的合成及其应用的发展.印染译丛,1992,2:75-79.
[83]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典2005年版.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,650.
[84]冯怡.不同基质小儿哮喘直肠凝胶的释放度比较.中成药,2000,22(7):461.
[85]姜洪芳,汪国华.丹皮酚复乳型凝胶的制备.中成药,2001,23(1):173.
[86]宁玉明,梁文权.白头翁素凝胶剂的体外经皮渗透及小鼠抗炎试验.中国医院药学杂志,2006年,26(12):23~25.
[87]陈秋红,侯世祥.不同基质和透皮促进剂对秋水仙碱凝胶剂体外透皮特性的影响.华西药学杂志,2005,20(6):521~52.
[88]孟舒,王玲,高洪义.参柏凝胶剂的制备及质量控制.中国医院药学杂志,2004,24(10):640~641.
[89]王芊,曾玲,沈汶华.丹参酮凝胶剂的研制及质量控制.中国现代应用药学杂志,2006,23(1):80~82.
[90]夏洪德.双黄冰凝胶剂的制备.中国医院药学杂志,1999,17(6):341.
[91]陈玉林.口服云南白药凝胶治疗上消化道出血48例.徐州医学院学报,1993,13(2):145.
[92]焦晨,敖英芳.利白素凝胶治疗急慢性软组织损伤的临床观察.中国运动,2003,14(3):23~24.
[93]姜之炎.儿童哮喘直肠凝胶剂治疗哮喘30例.上海中医药杂志,2001,5:29.
[94]丛日娥,丛培红,杨秋燕.舒康凝胶剂、达克宁栓、制霉菌素栓治疗念珠菌阴道炎的比较.中国妇幼保健,2001,16:584.
[95]郭小林,翁小春.喜树碱凝胶的制备及临床疗效观察.湖北中医杂志,2002,24(9):9.
[96]何文,雷嘉川,冯晓东,等.复方补骨脂素凝胶的制备及临床疗效观察.中国医院药学杂志,2001,21(11):665.
[97]尤文质,周向红.复方防感凝胶剂的制备与质量控制.海峡药学,2004,16(3):37~38.
[98]吴胜华,张华.复方止痒凝胶剂的制备与临床应用.海峡药学,2005,17(3):22~23.
[99]黄启刚,何晓华.湿疹灵凝胶的制备及临床应用.儿科药学杂志,2006,12(2):48~50.
[100]赵国玲,刘佳佳.金银花化学成分及药理研究进展.中药材,2002,25(10):762~763.
[101]杨敏丽,郝凤霞.金银花中绿原酸的分离纯化工艺研究.食品科学,2007,28(7):255~259.
[102]段晓颖.金银花水提工艺中绿原酸变化的研究.中草药,2007,38(8):1189~1190.
[103]张玲.山东金银花挥发油化学成分研究.中国药学杂志,1995,30(11):651.
[104]花盈,狄留庆.薄荷油的基础研究及其应用开发.世界临床药物,2006,27(8):505~507.
[105]陈光亮,佘玉宝,李冬梅.薄荷油及其有效成分药理作用的研究概况.中国中医药信息杂志,2000,7(2):33~34.
[106]Harkenthal M, Reichling J, Geiss HK, et al. Comparative study on the in vitro antibacterial activity of Australian tea tree oil, cajuput oil, niaouli oil,manuka oil, kanuka oil, and eucalyptus oil. Pharmazie, 1999,54(6):460-463.
[107]陈华萍,吴铁,吴志华,等.华芙露的抗菌实验研究.中国药师,2001,4(3):175～177.
[108]Imai H, Osawa K,Yasuda H, et al. Inhibition by the essential oils of peppermint and spearmint of the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Microbios, 2001,106(Suppl 1):31-39.
[109]Schelz Z, Molnar J, Hohmann J. Antimicrobial and antiplasmid activities of essential oils. Fitoterapia,2006,77(4):279-285.
[110]Schuhmacher A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Virucidal effect of peppermint oil on the enveloped viruses herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. Phytomedicine,2003,10(6-7):504-510.
[111]张海燕.连翘化学成分及药理活性的研究进展.中药材,2000,23(10):657~660.
[112]何新新,王伊鹏,吴忠,等.不同产地连翘挥发油成分分析.中药材,2000,23(7):397~398.
[113]郝旭亮,刘霞,倪艳,等.两种方法提取连翘挥发油气相色谱-质谱的比较.中成药,2002,24(7):534~536.
[114]张健萍,李连珍,赵红江,等.牡丹皮的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究概况.中华中医药杂志,2006,21(5):295~297.
[115]康业斌,商鸿生.溶剂法提取丹皮酚的工艺优化.农业工程学报,2006,22(10):241~242.
[116]赵华,张金生,李丽华.植物精油提取技术和研究进展.辽宁石油化工大学学报,2006,26(4):137`140 .
[117]康业斌,商鸿生,成玉梅.水蒸汽蒸馏法提取丹皮酚工艺的研究.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(11):133~135.
[118]梁呈元,傅晖,李维林,等.薄荷油不同提取方法的比较.时珍国医国药,2007,18(9):2085~2086.
[119]苏香萍,龚大春,张亚雄,等.二氧化碳超临界萃取金银花挥发油化学成分的研究.时珍国医国药,2007,18(11):2643~2644.
[120]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典.上海:上海人民出版社,1977:721.
[121]王明雷,王素贤.白茅根化学及药理研究进展.沈阳药科大学学报,1997,14(1):67~69.
[122]全红,周涛,方东海,等.白茅根的研究概况.中医药学报,1999,1:60~61.
[123]勾建刚,刘春红.白茅根多糖超声提取的优化.时珍国医国药,2007,18(11):2749~2750.
[124]张建军,蒋少英,张玉霞,等.板蓝根提取工艺的探讨.中国中药杂志, 1990,15(5):31.
[125]陈玉生,许东明.板蓝根制剂提取工艺的探讨.中国中药杂志,1990, 15(7):30.
[126]雷黎明,潘清平.板蓝根化学、药理、质量及提取方法的研究进展.时珍国医国药,2007, 18(10):2578~2580.
[127]施霞,倪华,刘云海.板蓝根化学成分及其药理活性研究进展.中国医院药学杂志,2006,26(11):1397~1399.
[128]潘慧娟.同溶剂对蚕沙中叶绿素提取效果的影响.杭州师范学院学报, 2006,5(1):50~52.
[129]崔锡强,王洪庆,刘超,等.蚕沙化学成分的研究.中草药,2007,38(4):501~502.
[130]曾艳,贾正平,张汝学.地黄化学成分及药理研究进展.中成药,2006,28(4):609~611.
[131]宋子荣,谭梓骏,陈西松.白海波地黄提取工艺的优化.中国实验方剂学杂志,2006,12(1):8~9.
[132]李军,张丽萍,张振凌.地黄研究进展.河南中医学院学报,2005,20(6):79~83.
[133]王汀,陈礼明,刘青云.地黄药理研究进展.基层中药杂志, 2001,15(2):41~43.
[134]于辉,李春香,宫凌涛,等.甘草的药理作用概述.现代生物医学进展,2006,6(4):77~79.
[135]李斌霞,佟杰.甘草酸药理作用及机制的研究进展.数理医药学杂志,2007,20(2):228~230.
[136]梁冰,杨爱馥,黄凤兰,等.甘草属(Glycyrrhiza)化学成分及药理作用研究进展.东北农业大学学报,2006,37(1):115~119.
[137]潘学军,刘会洲,贾光和,等.从甘草中提取甘草酸不同提取方法的比较.过程工程学报,2001,1(1):102~105.
[138]Mauro S, Cristina F, Armanini D, et al. Glycyrrhetinic acid induced permeability transition in rat liver mitochondria. Biochemical Pharmacology, 2003, 66(12): 2375~2379.
[139]Tucker GR. Adrenocorticotropic hormone in the aetiology and regression of neuroblastoma. Medical Hypotheses,2002,59 (2):117~120.
[140]Lin J C. Mechanism of action of glycyrrhizic acid in inhibition of Epstein Barr virus replication in vitro. Antiviral Research,2003,59(1): 41~43.
[141]Romero M R, Thomas E, Serrano M A, et al. Effect of artemisin in/artesunate as inhibitors of hepatitis B virus production in an“in vitro”replicative system. Antiviral Research, 2005, 68(2): 75~83.
[142]Cheng J M, Lin H J, Hsu Y H, et al. A quantitative bioassay for HIV-1 gene expression based on UV activation: effect of glycyrrhizic acid. Antiviral Research, 2004, 62(1): 27~36.
[143]陈屏,徐东铭,雷军.麦冬化学成分及药理作用的研究现状.长春中医学院学报,2004,20(1):35~36.
[144]蒋凤荣,张旭,范俊,等.麦冬药理作用研究进展.中医药学刊,2006,24(2):236~237.
[145]姜涛,秦路平.山麦冬属植物化学成分和药理活性研究.中西医结合学报,2007,5(4):465~467.
[146]张敏,辛义周.皂角刺现代研究及临床应用.齐鲁药事,2005,24(3):164~165
[147]李万华,傅建熙,范代娣,等.皂角子化学成分的研究.汉中师范学院学报,1999,17(1):41~42.
[148]袁倬斌,尚小玉.大黄中有效成分的提取、分离测定及其抗突变作用.分析科学学报,2002,18(6):508~511.
[149]刘旭海.大黄药理作用及临床应用研究进展.山东医学高等专科学校学报,2007,29(3):229-23.
[150]王冬梅,尚丽彤,翟路,等.大黄的研究进展.现代商贸工业,2008,20(2):286~287.
[151]张荣发.川贝母的研究进展.中国药业,2006,15(8):62~63.
[152]王本祥.现代中药药理学.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1997:950.
[153]蔡治纲,赵宏,毛晓敏,等.川贝母提取工艺研究.江西中医学院学报,2005,17(1):46~47.
[154]王景文,袁雪海.青黛中提取靛玉红等有效成分最佳工艺的研究.中成药,1999,21(11):556~557.
[155]师怡,许晖,阙慧卿,等.玄参化学成分的药理作用和分析方法.海峡药学,2006,18(4):58~61.
[156]黄雄,黄嬛.中药玄参的研究进展.中医药导报,2007,13(10):103~105.
[157]Nguyen AT, Jeanine F, Malonne H, et al. A sugar esterand an iridoid glycoside from Scrophularia ningpoensis. Phytochemistry, 2005, 66(10): 1186-1191.
[158]Mitsuo M, Yoshiharu O. Volatile components from the roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. Flavour and Fragrance Journal,2003, 18(5): 398-400.
[159]Xu C, Luo L, Tan RX. Antidepressant effect of three traditional Chinese medicines in the learned help lessness model. Ethnopharmaco,2004, 91(2-3): 345-349.
[160]Huang Q. Protective effect of Scrophularia ningpoensis extracts on cerebral ischemia injury in rats. Chin J New Drugs Clin Rem,2004, 23(6): 323-325.
[161]王海燕,穆惠军,关桂菊,等.元胡止痛片提取工艺研究.山东中医杂志,2002,(12):739~740.
[162]朱铉,池青松.水飞蓟素固体分散体中水飞蓟宾溶出速率的研究.延边大学医学学报,2001,24(1):21.
[163]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典2005年版.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,180.
[164] Higuchi T. Pharm Sci,1961,50:874.
[165]孟凡玲,罗亮,宁辉,等.κ-卡拉胶研究进展.高分子通报,2003,5:49~55.
[2]钱亚琴,刘汉清,庄炜,等.中药缓释、控释制剂的研究进展.广西中医学院学报,2004,7(3):78~81.
[3]白仙娥、白静、任国莲,等.控缓释制剂的研究进展及其临床应用.中国药物与临床,2004,4(9):701～703.
[4]张向荣,王岩,尹风强,等.总丹酚酸胃内滞留缓释片的研制.中成药,2003,25(5):349~351. ~993.
[5]景秋芳,任福正,沈永嘉.葛根素缓释片释放度的研究.中草药,2002,33(11):991.
[6]陆彬主编.药物新剂型与新技术(第二版).北京:人民卫生出版社,2005:371~377.
[7]刘袖洞,何洋,刘群.微胶囊及其在生物医学领域的应用.科学通报,2000,45(23):2476-2483.
[8]钳户朝治,阎世翔译.微胶囊工艺学.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1989.
[9]梁治齐.微胶囊技术及其应用.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999.
[10]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典2005年版.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,180~181.
[11]刘产明,杨洪元,徐建春.胃幽净漂浮片的体外溶出度试验.中成药,1998,20(12):3~5.
[12]魏树辉,何仲贵,王立云.盐酸青藤碱口服渗透泵控释片的制备及释药影响因素考察.沈阳药科大学学报,2003,20(3):165~169.
[13]程怡,李燕南.首届全国新型给药技术与中药现代化学术研讨会论文集.北京:清华大学,2002.
[14]程鲁榕.对速释、缓释制剂的药代动力学试验思考要点.世界科学技术——中药现代化,2002,4(3):47~50.
[15]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典2005年版.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,362~363.
[16]李时珍.本草纲目.北京:中国古籍出版社1997,655.
[17]李时珍.本草纲目.北京:中国古籍出版社1997,685~687.
[18]何兰茜,潘琦,刘佩华.用微丸技术制备元胡止痛胶囊与元胡止痛片溶出度的比较.中成药,2001,23 (4):240～243.
[19]张德恩,魏英田,张家燕.元胡止痛滴丸治疗头痛、胃痛及胁痛65例分析.医学理论与实践,2003,16 (10):1 151～1 152.
[20]胡志方,朱卫丰,郭慧玲.元胡止痛胃漂浮型控释片初步研究.中成药,2002,24(8):573～575.
[21]苏乐群,顾卫平,张曼红,等.元胡止痛分散片的制备工艺研究.中成药,2006,28(11):1417-1420.
[22]杨玲霞,王兰霞,张伯崇.薄层扫描法测定元胡止痛滴丸中延胡索乙素的含量.中成药,2001,23(12):869~871.
[23]魏慧珍,饶毅,王义明,等.毛细管电泳法测定元胡止痛片和元胡止痛口服液中延胡索乙素的含量.药物分析杂志,2002,22(4):272~274.
[24]刘萍,辛勋,马汉林.离子对比色法测定元胡止痛片中总生物碱的含量.湖北医科大学学报,2000,21(3):112~114.
[25]姜舜尧.高效液相色谱法测定元胡止痛片中脱氢延胡索碱的含量.中国中药杂志,2000,25(8):479~512.
[26]郭红学,苏霞,李展.薄层扫描法测定元胡止痛片中延胡索乙素含量.现代中药研究与实践,2003,17(2):45.
[27]崔晓光,张立敏,金橙,等.双波长扫描法测定元胡止痛片中延胡索乙素含量.辽宁药物与临床,2002,5(增刊):4.
[28]陈蕴,刘超,郭典胜,等.元胡止痛口服液质量标准的研究.中国实验方剂学杂志,2002,8(4):7~8.
[29]李延雪,苏玉娟,宋宝鹏. HPLC法测定元胡止痛片中延胡索乙素的含量.中国药事,2006,20(9):544～545.
[30]高长清,王培军,宋步昌,等.高效液相色谱法测定元胡止痛片中延胡索乙素的含量.山东中医杂志,2003,22(6):365~366.
[31]陈志桃,陈丽香,陈胜辉,等.高效液相色谱法测定元胡止痛片中延胡索乙素的含量.海峡药学,2004,16(3):51～53.
[32]陈洪宝,李彩荣,杨庆胜,等.高效液相色谱法测定元胡止痛片中延胡索乙素的含量.时珍国医国药,2006,17(9):1701～1702.
[33]杨立志,姜雪敏,王云龙. HPLC法测定元胡止痛片中欧前胡素的含量.齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2006,27(18):2234～2235.
[34]朱央央,余伯阳. RP-HPLC测定元胡止痛方中延胡索乙素和欧前胡素的含量.中成药,2004,26(6):455～458.
[35]孙巍,窦志英,高璎. HPLC法同时测定元胡止痛片中3种有效成分的含量.天津中医药,2006,23(10):426～428.
[36]陈国华,孙阔,张社卿.元胡止痛片治疗偏头痛176例.光明中医,2003,18 (5):46～47.
[37]汪硕.元胡止痛颗粒剂治疗癌痛观察.江西中医药,1995,(增刊):28～29.
[38]张德恩,魏英田,张家燕.元胡止痛滴丸治疗头痛、胃痛及胁痛65例分析.医学理论与实践,2003,16 (10):1151～1152.
[39]杨小平,陈宝玲.元胡止痛口服液治疗气滞血瘀型胃脘痛31例临床观察,中国中医药科技,1999,6(6):403.
[40]江苏中医学院.现代中药学大辞典.北京:人民卫生出版,2001,857.
[41]傅小勇、梁文藻、涂国士.延胡索生物碱的化学研究-Ⅶ元胡块茎中的生物碱中草药,1986,17(2):5.
[42]傅小勇、梁文藻、涂国士.元胡生物碱的化学研究Ⅱ东阳元胡地上部分的生物碱.药物分析杂志,1986,6(1):6.
[43]肖培根.《新编中药志》.北京:化学工业出版社2002,440~450.
[44]金国章.左旋四氢巴马汀和它的第二代新药——左旋千金藤啶碱的药理研究进展.药学学报, 1987,22:472.
[45] Hu JY, J In GZ. Effect of tetrahydropalmatine analogues on Fos expression induced by formalin pain. Acta Pharmaco Sin, 1999, 20 (3) : 193.
[46] Hu JY, J in GZ. Supraspinal D2 receptor involved in antinociception induced by 1-tetrahydropalmatine. Acta Pharmaco Sin,1999, 20 (8) : 715.
[47]金国章,胡江元.颅痛定(rotundine)的镇痛作用机制与多巴胺受体——中药延胡索研究的系统论坛.见:金正均,王永铭,苏定冯主编.药理学进展(1999) .北京:科学出版社,1999,64～73 .
[48] Lin MT, et al. The protective effect of dl - tetrahydropalmatine against the development of amygdale kindling seizures in rats. Neurosci Lett,2002,320 (3):113.
[49] Chang CK, et al. dl - Tetrahydropalmatine may act through inhibition of amygdalorid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats. neurosci Lett. 2001.
[50]陈礼平、王德士、陈文莉,等.可达灵片治疗冠心病、心绞痛及急性心肌梗塞疗效观察.现代应用药学,1996,13(4):56.
[51]闵清.延胡索乙素对异丙肾上腺素所致心肌坏死的保护作用.中医药学报,2001,29(4):44.
[52] Huang K, Dai GZ, L iXH, et al. Blocking L-calcium current by l-tetrahydropalmatine in single ventricular myocyte of guinea pigs. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 1999, 20 (10) : 907.
[53]秦秀蓉,汤燕.超声法提取延胡索有效部分的工艺研究.成都中医药大学学报,2005,28(4):48～52.
[54]谢彩娟,张志琪.超声提取延胡索总生物碱的研究.西北药学杂志,2005,20(4):153～154.
[55]刘俊红,魏峻峰,王洪志,等.大孔吸附树脂在延胡索生物碱提取分离中的应用.中草药,2002,33(1):37～38.
[56]陈洪燕,万明,孙金霞.均匀设计延胡索提取工艺的研究.湖北中医杂志,2006,28(7):54～55.
[57]邹节明,王力生,云强.延胡索生物碱溶出规律的研究.中草药,2002,33(5):416～417.
[58]熊英,杨忠厚,尔凤君.延胡索有效部位提取工艺研究.天津药学,2006,18(5):5~7.
[59]邱蓉丽,李祥,陈建伟,等.延胡索总碱提取方法研究.中医药研究,2000,16(5):50～51.
[60]张海霞,邱蓉丽,李祥,等.玄胡索散配伍和提取溶剂对有效成分溶出率的影响.南京中医药大学学报,2003,19(2):96～97.
[61]王立人,李宏宇,谢成科.白芷中香豆精类成分的反相高效液相色谱测定.药学学报,1990,25(2):131.
[62]Kozawa,Mitsugi,Baba,Kimiye. Shoyakugaku zasshi. 1981,35(2):90 .
[63]Shlyunko,E. K,Shagora,LZ. Khim. Prir. Soedin,1997,(2):280.
[64]Kwon, Yang Soo, Kim, Chang Min. Coumarin Glycosides from the roots of Angelica dahurica,Saengyak Hakhoechi. 1992,23(4):221.
[65]李宠宇,戴跃进,谢成科,等.不同商品的白芷的药理研究.中国中药杂,1991,16(9):560.
[66]Kimura-Y,Okuda-H,Baba-K. Histamine-Release Effectors From Angelica Dahurica Var. Dahurica Roots Journal of Natural Products ,1997,60(3):249.
[67]Lechner D , Stavri M , Oluwat uyi M , et al. The anti-staphylococcal activity of angelica dahurica (Bai Zhi). Photochemistry ,2004 ,65 (3): 3311.
[68]Schinella GR ,Tournier HA ,Prieto JM , et al . Inhibition of trypanosomacruzi growth by medical plant extracts. Fitoterapia ,2002,73 (7～8): 5691.
[69]郑铁生,韩伟国,姜旭淦.菌霉克星防霉剂的研究.中国药科大学学报,1996,27(5):277.
[70]苏晓红,高玉祥.白芷外用加长波紫外线照射对豚鼠ACD的影响及表皮LC的关联.蚌埠医学院学报,1988,13 (1):52.
[71]郑虎占,董泽宏,佘靖主编.中药现代研究与应用第2卷.北京:学苑出版社,1997:111～121.
[72]周继铭,余朝菁,杭宜卿,等.白芷的研究(Ⅵ)有效成分光毒活性的测定.中国医院药学杂志,1988,8(5):2201.
[73]欧兴长,张建兴. 126种中药抗凝血酶作用的实验观察.中草药,1987,(4):21.
[74] Bergendroff -O , Dekermendjian-K. Furanocoumarins with Affinity to Brain Benzodiazepine Receptors in Vitro. Photochemistry,1997,44(6):1121.
[75] Okuyama T, Louis gerstner JR, Fichera RS. et al. Studies on the antitumor promoting activity of naturally occurring SubstancesⅡ. Inhibition of tumor - promoter enhanced phospholipid metabolism by mbelliflrous materials . Chem.Pharm Bull ,1990 ,37(4) :38.
[76] Oh H,Lee HS,Kim T , et al. Furocoumarins from angelicadahurica with hepatoprotective activity on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Planta Med,2002,68 (5):4631.
[77]陈贤春,王玉蓉,路世鹏,等.白芷提取工艺的研究.中成药,2005,27(2):145~147.
[78]肖丹,边燕红,马逾英,等.白芷配方颗粒的提取工艺研究.中国中药杂志,2006,31(12):1021～1022.
[79]贾英,孙振蛟,包文芳.正交设计法优选白芷的提取工艺.沈阳药科大学学报,2005,22 (3):217~219.
[80]王婷婷,李丹毅,李清.正交试验法优选白芷的提取工艺.沈阳药科大学学报,2007,24 (5 ):310~314.
[81]李卫民,金波,冯毅凡.中药现代化与超临界流体萃取技术.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002,165.
[82]尹钟民.微胶囊的合成及其应用的发展.印染译丛,1992,2:75-79.
[83]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典2005年版.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,650.
[84]冯怡.不同基质小儿哮喘直肠凝胶的释放度比较.中成药,2000,22(7):461.
[85]姜洪芳,汪国华.丹皮酚复乳型凝胶的制备.中成药,2001,23(1):173.
[86]宁玉明,梁文权.白头翁素凝胶剂的体外经皮渗透及小鼠抗炎试验.中国医院药学杂志,2006年,26(12):23~25.
[87]陈秋红,侯世祥.不同基质和透皮促进剂对秋水仙碱凝胶剂体外透皮特性的影响.华西药学杂志,2005,20(6):521~52.
[88]孟舒,王玲,高洪义.参柏凝胶剂的制备及质量控制.中国医院药学杂志,2004,24(10):640~641.
[89]王芊,曾玲,沈汶华.丹参酮凝胶剂的研制及质量控制.中国现代应用药学杂志,2006,23(1):80~82.
[90]夏洪德.双黄冰凝胶剂的制备.中国医院药学杂志,1999,17(6):341.
[91]陈玉林.口服云南白药凝胶治疗上消化道出血48例.徐州医学院学报,1993,13(2):145.
[92]焦晨,敖英芳.利白素凝胶治疗急慢性软组织损伤的临床观察.中国运动,2003,14(3):23~24.
[93]姜之炎.儿童哮喘直肠凝胶剂治疗哮喘30例.上海中医药杂志,2001,5:29.
[94]丛日娥,丛培红,杨秋燕.舒康凝胶剂、达克宁栓、制霉菌素栓治疗念珠菌阴道炎的比较.中国妇幼保健,2001,16:584.
[95]郭小林,翁小春.喜树碱凝胶的制备及临床疗效观察.湖北中医杂志,2002,24(9):9.
[96]何文,雷嘉川,冯晓东,等.复方补骨脂素凝胶的制备及临床疗效观察.中国医院药学杂志,2001,21(11):665.
[97]尤文质,周向红.复方防感凝胶剂的制备与质量控制.海峡药学,2004,16(3):37~38.
[98]吴胜华,张华.复方止痒凝胶剂的制备与临床应用.海峡药学,2005,17(3):22~23.
[99]黄启刚,何晓华.湿疹灵凝胶的制备及临床应用.儿科药学杂志,2006,12(2):48~50.
[100]赵国玲,刘佳佳.金银花化学成分及药理研究进展.中药材,2002,25(10):762~763.
[101]杨敏丽,郝凤霞.金银花中绿原酸的分离纯化工艺研究.食品科学,2007,28(7):255~259.
[102]段晓颖.金银花水提工艺中绿原酸变化的研究.中草药,2007,38(8):1189~1190.
[103]张玲.山东金银花挥发油化学成分研究.中国药学杂志,1995,30(11):651.
[104]花盈,狄留庆.薄荷油的基础研究及其应用开发.世界临床药物,2006,27(8):505~507.
[105]陈光亮,佘玉宝,李冬梅.薄荷油及其有效成分药理作用的研究概况.中国中医药信息杂志,2000,7(2):33~34.
[106]Harkenthal M, Reichling J, Geiss HK, et al. Comparative study on the in vitro antibacterial activity of Australian tea tree oil, cajuput oil, niaouli oil,manuka oil, kanuka oil, and eucalyptus oil. Pharmazie, 1999,54(6):460-463.
[107]陈华萍,吴铁,吴志华,等.华芙露的抗菌实验研究.中国药师,2001,4(3):175～177.
[108]Imai H, Osawa K,Yasuda H, et al. Inhibition by the essential oils of peppermint and spearmint of the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Microbios, 2001,106(Suppl 1):31-39.
[109]Schelz Z, Molnar J, Hohmann J. Antimicrobial and antiplasmid activities of essential oils. Fitoterapia,2006,77(4):279-285.
[110]Schuhmacher A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Virucidal effect of peppermint oil on the enveloped viruses herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. Phytomedicine,2003,10(6-7):504-510.
[111]张海燕.连翘化学成分及药理活性的研究进展.中药材,2000,23(10):657~660.
[112]何新新,王伊鹏,吴忠,等.不同产地连翘挥发油成分分析.中药材,2000,23(7):397~398.
[113]郝旭亮,刘霞,倪艳,等.两种方法提取连翘挥发油气相色谱-质谱的比较.中成药,2002,24(7):534~536.
[114]张健萍,李连珍,赵红江,等.牡丹皮的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究概况.中华中医药杂志,2006,21(5):295~297.
[115]康业斌,商鸿生.溶剂法提取丹皮酚的工艺优化.农业工程学报,2006,22(10):241~242.
[116]赵华,张金生,李丽华.植物精油提取技术和研究进展.辽宁石油化工大学学报,2006,26(4):137`140 .
[117]康业斌,商鸿生,成玉梅.水蒸汽蒸馏法提取丹皮酚工艺的研究.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(11):133~135.
[118]梁呈元,傅晖,李维林,等.薄荷油不同提取方法的比较.时珍国医国药,2007,18(9):2085~2086.
[119]苏香萍,龚大春,张亚雄,等.二氧化碳超临界萃取金银花挥发油化学成分的研究.时珍国医国药,2007,18(11):2643~2644.
[120]江苏新医学院.中药大辞典.上海:上海人民出版社,1977:721.
[121]王明雷,王素贤.白茅根化学及药理研究进展.沈阳药科大学学报,1997,14(1):67~69.
[122]全红,周涛,方东海,等.白茅根的研究概况.中医药学报,1999,1:60~61.
[123]勾建刚,刘春红.白茅根多糖超声提取的优化.时珍国医国药,2007,18(11):2749~2750.
[124]张建军,蒋少英,张玉霞,等.板蓝根提取工艺的探讨.中国中药杂志, 1990,15(5):31.
[125]陈玉生,许东明.板蓝根制剂提取工艺的探讨.中国中药杂志,1990, 15(7):30.
[126]雷黎明,潘清平.板蓝根化学、药理、质量及提取方法的研究进展.时珍国医国药,2007, 18(10):2578~2580.
[127]施霞,倪华,刘云海.板蓝根化学成分及其药理活性研究进展.中国医院药学杂志,2006,26(11):1397~1399.
[128]潘慧娟.同溶剂对蚕沙中叶绿素提取效果的影响.杭州师范学院学报, 2006,5(1):50~52.
[129]崔锡强,王洪庆,刘超,等.蚕沙化学成分的研究.中草药,2007,38(4):501~502.
[130]曾艳,贾正平,张汝学.地黄化学成分及药理研究进展.中成药,2006,28(4):609~611.
[131]宋子荣,谭梓骏,陈西松.白海波地黄提取工艺的优化.中国实验方剂学杂志,2006,12(1):8~9.
[132]李军,张丽萍,张振凌.地黄研究进展.河南中医学院学报,2005,20(6):79~83.
[133]王汀,陈礼明,刘青云.地黄药理研究进展.基层中药杂志, 2001,15(2):41~43.
[134]于辉,李春香,宫凌涛,等.甘草的药理作用概述.现代生物医学进展,2006,6(4):77~79.
[135]李斌霞,佟杰.甘草酸药理作用及机制的研究进展.数理医药学杂志,2007,20(2):228~230.
[136]梁冰,杨爱馥,黄凤兰,等.甘草属(Glycyrrhiza)化学成分及药理作用研究进展.东北农业大学学报,2006,37(1):115~119.
[137]潘学军,刘会洲,贾光和,等.从甘草中提取甘草酸不同提取方法的比较.过程工程学报,2001,1(1):102~105.
[138]Mauro S, Cristina F, Armanini D, et al. Glycyrrhetinic acid induced permeability transition in rat liver mitochondria. Biochemical Pharmacology, 2003, 66(12): 2375~2379.
[139]Tucker GR. Adrenocorticotropic hormone in the aetiology and regression of neuroblastoma. Medical Hypotheses,2002,59 (2):117~120.
[140]Lin J C. Mechanism of action of glycyrrhizic acid in inhibition of Epstein Barr virus replication in vitro. Antiviral Research,2003,59(1): 41~43.
[141]Romero M R, Thomas E, Serrano M A, et al. Effect of artemisin in/artesunate as inhibitors of hepatitis B virus production in an“in vitro”replicative system. Antiviral Research, 2005, 68(2): 75~83.
[142]Cheng J M, Lin H J, Hsu Y H, et al. A quantitative bioassay for HIV-1 gene expression based on UV activation: effect of glycyrrhizic acid. Antiviral Research, 2004, 62(1): 27~36.
[143]陈屏,徐东铭,雷军.麦冬化学成分及药理作用的研究现状.长春中医学院学报,2004,20(1):35~36.
[144]蒋凤荣,张旭,范俊,等.麦冬药理作用研究进展.中医药学刊,2006,24(2):236~237.
[145]姜涛,秦路平.山麦冬属植物化学成分和药理活性研究.中西医结合学报,2007,5(4):465~467.
[146]张敏,辛义周.皂角刺现代研究及临床应用.齐鲁药事,2005,24(3):164~165
[147]李万华,傅建熙,范代娣,等.皂角子化学成分的研究.汉中师范学院学报,1999,17(1):41~42.
[148]袁倬斌,尚小玉.大黄中有效成分的提取、分离测定及其抗突变作用.分析科学学报,2002,18(6):508~511.
[149]刘旭海.大黄药理作用及临床应用研究进展.山东医学高等专科学校学报,2007,29(3):229-23.
[150]王冬梅,尚丽彤,翟路,等.大黄的研究进展.现代商贸工业,2008,20(2):286~287.
[151]张荣发.川贝母的研究进展.中国药业,2006,15(8):62~63.
[152]王本祥.现代中药药理学.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1997:950.
[153]蔡治纲,赵宏,毛晓敏,等.川贝母提取工艺研究.江西中医学院学报,2005,17(1):46~47.
[154]王景文,袁雪海.青黛中提取靛玉红等有效成分最佳工艺的研究.中成药,1999,21(11):556~557.
[155]师怡,许晖,阙慧卿,等.玄参化学成分的药理作用和分析方法.海峡药学,2006,18(4):58~61.
[156]黄雄,黄嬛.中药玄参的研究进展.中医药导报,2007,13(10):103~105.
[157]Nguyen AT, Jeanine F, Malonne H, et al. A sugar esterand an iridoid glycoside from Scrophularia ningpoensis. Phytochemistry, 2005, 66(10): 1186-1191.
[158]Mitsuo M, Yoshiharu O. Volatile components from the roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. Flavour and Fragrance Journal,2003, 18(5): 398-400.
[159]Xu C, Luo L, Tan RX. Antidepressant effect of three traditional Chinese medicines in the learned help lessness model. Ethnopharmaco,2004, 91(2-3): 345-349.
[160]Huang Q. Protective effect of Scrophularia ningpoensis extracts on cerebral ischemia injury in rats. Chin J New Drugs Clin Rem,2004, 23(6): 323-325.
[161]王海燕,穆惠军,关桂菊,等.元胡止痛片提取工艺研究.山东中医杂志,2002,(12):739~740.
[162]朱铉,池青松.水飞蓟素固体分散体中水飞蓟宾溶出速率的研究.延边大学医学学报,2001,24(1):21.
[163]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典2005年版.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,180.
[164] Higuchi T. Pharm Sci,1961,50:874.
[165]孟凡玲,罗亮,宁辉,等.κ-卡拉胶研究进展.高分子通报,2003,5:49~55.