地区电网无功电压集中优化控制系统的研究与实现
|
摘要
本文分别研究了电力系统无功优化的数学模型及算法和专家系统在无功电压控制方面的应用，并以此为理论依据，在地 县级调度中心或集控中心调度自动化的基础上，利用现有调度自动化系统进行全网实时数据采集与控制。开发出电厂变电站无功调度电压控制综合优化自动调节系统，具体内容和所做工作如下：
一、系统(地区网内)无功-电压控制方法的研究
随着电力系统的发展，电压与无功控制在电力系统运行中的重要性越来越为人们所重视。电压与无功控制是采取一切控制手段来确保电力系统中各节点的电压与无功注入在安全约束范围之内。无功优化问题本质上是一个带有多个约束条件的非线性组合优化问题。在这一研究领域已有多种方法，例如：线性规划法、非线性规划法、灵敏度分析、专家系统等等方法，这些方法各自都有一定的优越性和适应性；也有一定的局限性和缺陷。主要表现为：求解时间长，只能求得局部最优解，易产生“维数灾”而无法进行大规模的优化计算。
本文通过对多目标无功优化问题进行模糊建模，然后利用函数连接网络(FLN)将其转化为单目标无功优化问题进而采用具有优化路径的遗传算法求得其数值解，在此基础上与专家系统有机结合起来组成一个新型的电压-无功校正控制系统。既保证了优化的精度，又使得问题求解快速 简单。
二、电厂变电站无功电压集中控制系统的开发
电压是电能质量的重要指标，电压质量对电力系统的安全与经济运行，对保证用户安全生产和产品质量有重要的影响。电力系统的无功补偿与无功平衡是保证电压质量的基本条件，有效及合理的无功补偿，不仅能保证电压质量，而且提高了电力系统运行的稳定性和安全性，充分发挥了经济效益。电厂变电站无功-电压集中控制系统是通过采集调
摘要
度自动化系统的实时数据，包括各变电站的节点电压有功功率无功
功率等，以地区电网网损最小及电压偏移最小为目标，进行综合优化
处理后形成变压器有载分接开关档位调节，无功补偿设备投切集中控
制指令，运用调度自动化“四遥”功能实现全网无功电压优化运行。
本系统在河南省某地运行，得到了满意的结果。
This text studied the mathematics model and algorithm of power system reactive power optimization as well as the application of expert system in voltage controlling and reactive power optimization respectively . Then used this as the theories basis, on the ground of Area/County dispatch center .utilized the data collected by SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) developed the power planU substation reactive power and voltage automatic control system. Concrete contents with the work done following:
1. The study in the methods of power system (Area power net) reactive
power-voltage control
With the development of the power system people are paying more and more attention on reactive power-voltage control. In fact this is a Non-linear optimization problem with multiple constraints. In this field there are many methods to resolve it for example: Linear programming, Non-linear programming, Sensitivity analysis and so on. But each method has its advantage and disadvantage. The main disadvantages behaved in too long the searching time, just can search out the local optimization and not suitable for making mass optimization calculation because too many dimensions.
Because fuzziness and uncertainty often exist in power system, a fuzzy multi-objective function with multiple constraints is modeled using fuzzy set theory .Function-link network(FLN)is used to define the membership function. Then a refined genetic algorithm with optimal searching path is used to search a global optimal solution. Then the expert system combined with the algorithm became a new type voltage-reactive power control system.
2. The developing of power plant,substation reactive power dispatch and voltage automatic centralized control system. Voltage is an important index in power quality. Voltage quality has an important rule in safety and economy running of power system. It guarantees the customer safety produce with product quantity. Reactive power balance and compensation is a basic condition. Effective and proper reactive power compensation not only guarantees the voltage quality but also improves the stability and safety running of power system. Reactive power and voltage centralized control system utilizes the real-time data via SCADA (include substations' bus bar voltage active power reactive power and so on )Its objection is minimum net loss and voltage excursion. After optimization the system can search a set of commands about the positions of the transformers tap and the devoting or withdrawing the reactive compensation equipments. These commands can be carried out through automatic dispatch system.
This system is being used in Xinxiang city Henan province .The operators are satisfied with it .
一、系统(地区网内)无功-电压控制方法的研究
随着电力系统的发展，电压与无功控制在电力系统运行中的重要性越来越为人们所重视。电压与无功控制是采取一切控制手段来确保电力系统中各节点的电压与无功注入在安全约束范围之内。无功优化问题本质上是一个带有多个约束条件的非线性组合优化问题。在这一研究领域已有多种方法，例如：线性规划法、非线性规划法、灵敏度分析、专家系统等等方法，这些方法各自都有一定的优越性和适应性；也有一定的局限性和缺陷。主要表现为：求解时间长，只能求得局部最优解，易产生“维数灾”而无法进行大规模的优化计算。
本文通过对多目标无功优化问题进行模糊建模，然后利用函数连接网络(FLN)将其转化为单目标无功优化问题进而采用具有优化路径的遗传算法求得其数值解，在此基础上与专家系统有机结合起来组成一个新型的电压-无功校正控制系统。既保证了优化的精度，又使得问题求解快速 简单。
二、电厂变电站无功电压集中控制系统的开发
电压是电能质量的重要指标，电压质量对电力系统的安全与经济运行，对保证用户安全生产和产品质量有重要的影响。电力系统的无功补偿与无功平衡是保证电压质量的基本条件，有效及合理的无功补偿，不仅能保证电压质量，而且提高了电力系统运行的稳定性和安全性，充分发挥了经济效益。电厂变电站无功-电压集中控制系统是通过采集调
摘要
度自动化系统的实时数据，包括各变电站的节点电压有功功率无功
功率等，以地区电网网损最小及电压偏移最小为目标，进行综合优化
处理后形成变压器有载分接开关档位调节，无功补偿设备投切集中控
制指令，运用调度自动化“四遥”功能实现全网无功电压优化运行。
本系统在河南省某地运行，得到了满意的结果。
This text studied the mathematics model and algorithm of power system reactive power optimization as well as the application of expert system in voltage controlling and reactive power optimization respectively . Then used this as the theories basis, on the ground of Area/County dispatch center .utilized the data collected by SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) developed the power planU substation reactive power and voltage automatic control system. Concrete contents with the work done following:
1. The study in the methods of power system (Area power net) reactive
power-voltage control
With the development of the power system people are paying more and more attention on reactive power-voltage control. In fact this is a Non-linear optimization problem with multiple constraints. In this field there are many methods to resolve it for example: Linear programming, Non-linear programming, Sensitivity analysis and so on. But each method has its advantage and disadvantage. The main disadvantages behaved in too long the searching time, just can search out the local optimization and not suitable for making mass optimization calculation because too many dimensions.
Because fuzziness and uncertainty often exist in power system, a fuzzy multi-objective function with multiple constraints is modeled using fuzzy set theory .Function-link network(FLN)is used to define the membership function. Then a refined genetic algorithm with optimal searching path is used to search a global optimal solution. Then the expert system combined with the algorithm became a new type voltage-reactive power control system.
2. The developing of power plant,substation reactive power dispatch and voltage automatic centralized control system. Voltage is an important index in power quality. Voltage quality has an important rule in safety and economy running of power system. It guarantees the customer safety produce with product quantity. Reactive power balance and compensation is a basic condition. Effective and proper reactive power compensation not only guarantees the voltage quality but also improves the stability and safety running of power system. Reactive power and voltage centralized control system utilizes the real-time data via SCADA (include substations' bus bar voltage active power reactive power and so on )Its objection is minimum net loss and voltage excursion. After optimization the system can search a set of commands about the positions of the transformers tap and the devoting or withdrawing the reactive compensation equipments. These commands can be carried out through automatic dispatch system.
This system is being used in Xinxiang city Henan province .The operators are satisfied with it .
引文
[1] [加]PRABHA KUNDUR．电力系统稳定与控制．北京：中国电力出版社．2002：648～689
[2] Taylor CW, Power system voltage stability. Mcgraw Hill,1993: 45～56
[3] 陈珩，电力系统稳态分析，水利电力出版社，1995
[4] 许业清，实用无功功率补偿技术，中国科技大学出版社，1998
[5] C.J.Bridenbaugh,D.A.Dimascio,and R.D.Aquila,Voltage control improvement though capacitor and transformer tap optimization.IEEE Trans.on power system.Vol.7.No.1.February 1992.PP.744～752
[6] K.Tomsovic,A fuzzy linear programming approach to reactive power/voltage control problem,IEEE Trans.on power system,vol.7,No.1,February 1992,PP,287～293
[7] F.C Lu and Y.Y,Hsu,Reactive power/voltage control in distribution substation using dynamic programming,IEE proceedings,part c,vol,142,No.6,November 1995
[8] S.Nrata and M.S.A.A.Hamman,A computational algrithom for real time control of system voltage and reactive power,IEEE Trans on power App,syst.vol,pas-90,pp,2495～2508 Nov/Dec.1971
[9] 孙淑信等，大型变电站微机自动调压系统的研究，电力系统自动化，1995．7
[10] 施玉祥、陶晓农，中低压变电站电压无功调节的研究，电力系统自动化，1996．9
[11] 苏建元、王柏林、洪佩孙，变电站电压无功优化控制器，河海大学学报，1998，7
[12] 杨争林，智能型变电站电压、无功综合自动化控制研究，天津大学电气自动化与能源学院学位论文
[13] 苏永春、陈星莺、刘存凯，基于遗传算法的变电站电压无功综合控制，继电器，2002．12
[14] 丁晓群等，无功／电压的优化几种控制系统软件，中国电力，2001，9
[15] 章键、娄和恭、原河峰，城市电力网规划，内部讲义，1992，34～55
[16] 《运筹学》教材编写组，《运筹学》(修订版)北京：清华大学出版社 94～106
[17] 上海交通大学，王祖佑主编《电力系统稳态运行分析》北京：水利电力出版社 1987，93～123
[18] 王小平、曹立明，遗传算法—理论、应用与软件实现．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2002．1：1～50，158～205
[19] 程浩忠，遗传算法在电力系统无功优化中的应用，全国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第十一届学术年会论文集，成都，1995
[20] 肖位枢，模糊数学基础及应用，北京：航空工业出版社，1992
[21] 殷勤业等，模式识别与神经网络，北京：机械工业出版社．1992
[22] 王祖佑，电力系统稳态运行计算分析，北京：水利电力出版社，1987
[23] 孙宏斌，电力系统全局无功优化控制的研究[博士论文]北京：清华大学
[24] 周双喜、蔡虎，应用于电力系统无功优化的改进遗传算法，电网技术，1997，21 (12)
[25] 傅京孙、蔡自兴、徐光佑，人工智能及其应用，北京：清华大学出版社，1987
[26] 杨以涵、唐国庆、高曙合编，专家系统及其在电力系统中的应用，北京：水利电力出版社，1993
[27] T.S.Dillon etal prentice Hall.Expert system Applications in power system 1990
[28] Lu Fc、Hsu YY,Fuzzy dynamic programming approach to reactive power/voltage control in a distribution substation [J] IEEE.Transactions on power system,1997,12,20:681～688
[29] 丁晓群、廖亨利、周玲，地区电网无功电压实时闭环控制软件，电网技术，2001，66(11)
[30] Saricat、Calovic M S,Fuzzy optimization of capacitors in distribution system[J]. IEE pro-Gener Trans Distrib,1997,144(5):415～422
[31] Hsu YY, Kuo H C,Dispatch of capacitors on distribution systems using dynamic programming[J],IEE proceedings-C,1993,140(6):433～438
[2] Taylor CW, Power system voltage stability. Mcgraw Hill,1993: 45～56
[3] 陈珩，电力系统稳态分析，水利电力出版社，1995
[4] 许业清，实用无功功率补偿技术，中国科技大学出版社，1998
[5] C.J.Bridenbaugh,D.A.Dimascio,and R.D.Aquila,Voltage control improvement though capacitor and transformer tap optimization.IEEE Trans.on power system.Vol.7.No.1.February 1992.PP.744～752
[6] K.Tomsovic,A fuzzy linear programming approach to reactive power/voltage control problem,IEEE Trans.on power system,vol.7,No.1,February 1992,PP,287～293
[7] F.C Lu and Y.Y,Hsu,Reactive power/voltage control in distribution substation using dynamic programming,IEE proceedings,part c,vol,142,No.6,November 1995
[8] S.Nrata and M.S.A.A.Hamman,A computational algrithom for real time control of system voltage and reactive power,IEEE Trans on power App,syst.vol,pas-90,pp,2495～2508 Nov/Dec.1971
[9] 孙淑信等，大型变电站微机自动调压系统的研究，电力系统自动化，1995．7
[10] 施玉祥、陶晓农，中低压变电站电压无功调节的研究，电力系统自动化，1996．9
[11] 苏建元、王柏林、洪佩孙，变电站电压无功优化控制器，河海大学学报，1998，7
[12] 杨争林，智能型变电站电压、无功综合自动化控制研究，天津大学电气自动化与能源学院学位论文
[13] 苏永春、陈星莺、刘存凯，基于遗传算法的变电站电压无功综合控制，继电器，2002．12
[14] 丁晓群等，无功／电压的优化几种控制系统软件，中国电力，2001，9
[15] 章键、娄和恭、原河峰，城市电力网规划，内部讲义，1992，34～55
[16] 《运筹学》教材编写组，《运筹学》(修订版)北京：清华大学出版社 94～106
[17] 上海交通大学，王祖佑主编《电力系统稳态运行分析》北京：水利电力出版社 1987，93～123
[18] 王小平、曹立明，遗传算法—理论、应用与软件实现．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2002．1：1～50，158～205
[19] 程浩忠，遗传算法在电力系统无功优化中的应用，全国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第十一届学术年会论文集，成都，1995
[20] 肖位枢，模糊数学基础及应用，北京：航空工业出版社，1992
[21] 殷勤业等，模式识别与神经网络，北京：机械工业出版社．1992
[22] 王祖佑，电力系统稳态运行计算分析，北京：水利电力出版社，1987
[23] 孙宏斌，电力系统全局无功优化控制的研究[博士论文]北京：清华大学
[24] 周双喜、蔡虎，应用于电力系统无功优化的改进遗传算法，电网技术，1997，21 (12)
[25] 傅京孙、蔡自兴、徐光佑，人工智能及其应用，北京：清华大学出版社，1987
[26] 杨以涵、唐国庆、高曙合编，专家系统及其在电力系统中的应用，北京：水利电力出版社，1993
[27] T.S.Dillon etal prentice Hall.Expert system Applications in power system 1990
[28] Lu Fc、Hsu YY,Fuzzy dynamic programming approach to reactive power/voltage control in a distribution substation [J] IEEE.Transactions on power system,1997,12,20:681～688
[29] 丁晓群、廖亨利、周玲，地区电网无功电压实时闭环控制软件，电网技术，2001，66(11)
[30] Saricat、Calovic M S,Fuzzy optimization of capacitors in distribution system[J]. IEE pro-Gener Trans Distrib,1997,144(5):415～422
[31] Hsu YY, Kuo H C,Dispatch of capacitors on distribution systems using dynamic programming[J],IEE proceedings-C,1993,140(6):433～438
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |