庐枞火山岩盆地电性结构及深部找矿方法试验研究
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摘要
庐枞火山岩盆地是位于长江中下游成矿带中部的以铁、硫(铜)矿为主的大型矿集区,主要有玢岩型、斑岩型和层控-热液叠加改造型等矿床类型。论文包括以下内容：
(1)覆盖庐枞火山岩盆地及邻区构造单元布置了5条大地电磁测深剖面,在完成野外数据采集、数据处理和二维反演的基础上,结合地质资料对火山岩盆地基底构造、内部构造、岩性界面、火山机构、深部次火山岩体和正长岩体的电性特征进行了分析研究；(2)选择位于庐枞盆地西北缘、郯庐断裂带内的沙溪斑岩型铜矿床为试验矿床,开展了AMT、CSAMT和TEM综合电磁法深部找矿试验,对比了各方法的一致性和应用效果,评估了各方法深部找矿的能力,并建立了沙溪铜矿石英闪长斑岩体3D电阻率模型。
5条大地电磁测深(MT)剖面(共计500个测深点)覆盖大别造山带东缘、庐枞火山岩盆地、孔城沉积红盆、郯庐断裂带、长江断陷带等构造单元。大地电磁测深数据阻抗张量分解结果表明：庐枞盆地电性结构具有二维结构特征,电性主轴方位为北东向,但是盆地深部三维结构特明显,深部构造复杂。通过对5条MT剖面数据进行统一处理(远参考技术处理、功率谱挑选和静位移校正等)和二维非线性共轭梯度(NLCG)反演获得了10km深度范围的二维电性结构模型图。研究结果表明：庐枞火山岩盆地整体呈高阻特征,厚度约6km；盆地之下-8km至-10km范围区域存在低阻异常区,可能是热液活动、流体及水-岩相互作用引起的；震旦纪-三叠纪(Z-T)的褶皱基底,呈致密块状,中高阻特征。孔城沉积红盆低阻特征明显,深部基底呈现向南东叠覆的高阻块状特征,可能是由挤压推覆作用形成。长江断陷带具上部低阻-深部中阻的两层电性结构,在其深部可能存在一个向北西的三叠纪的逆冲断层。矿床产出部位与深部高阻体或低阻断裂带密切相关,深部高阻体可能是沿次级断裂上升的岩浆热液形成的次火山岩或正长岩体。
在收集、整理和分析沙溪斑岩铜矿床已有地质、地球物理资料的基础上,建立了沙溪斑岩铜矿地质和地球物理模型,并对AMT和CSAMT方法进行了数值模拟,从理论上对比了两种方法的探测能力。随后,在矿区开展了AMT、CSAMT和TEM方法野外采集参数试验,分析了各参数选取对数据采集结果的影响,选择矿区已有勘探线进行了三种方法的探测试验。试验结果表明：AMT、CSAMT和TEM三种方法对岩体均反映为高阻异常。多条AMT剖面的电性结构相差较大,高阻异常呈直立柱状或是岩钟状,可能与地层大倾角和高电阻率相关。三条CSAMT剖面反映的电性结构一致性较好,能够清晰的反映容矿空间和控矿构造的特征。TEM法探测结构很难区分岩体和围岩,但对于低阻体反映灵敏。因此,利用AMT方法高效、易操作的特点在矿区开展扫面探测工作,圈定有利矿化地段,进而选择探测精度精度较高的CSAMT法在圈定的重要异常区开展精细探测不失为一种可行的勘查策略。最后,利用AMT探测的数据,通过块克里金3D插值方法对电阻率值在-1000m深度范围内进行插值,以电阻率800Ω·m为石英闪长斑岩体电阻率值下限值,利用三维可视化技术圈定出了深部石英闪长斑岩体的空间分布特征,建立了岩体的3D电阻率模型,为矿区及外围深部找矿提供了参考。
Lujiang-Zongyang volcanic basin is located in the Middle-lower Yangtze metallogenic belt of eastern China。It is a large ore-concentrated areas mainly of iron, sulfur (copper), including the main metallogenic types of porphyrite iron deposits,porphyry copper deposits and strata-bound and hydrothermal superimposed deformation type,and so on.The contents of the dissertation specifically include as follow:the first part, five magnetotelluric sounding profiles were arranged covering the volcanic basin and tectonic units in neighboring area. After the collection of field data, data processing and2D inversion, the basement structure of volcanic basin, internal structure, interface of lithology, volcanic apparatus, the spatial distribution of subvolcanic rock and syenite mass were analysised and researched combining with the geological data; the secend part, we selected the Shaxi porphyry copper deposit which is located in the northwestern margin of basin,within Tanlu fault zone as test deposit, carried out the deep prospecting experiment using the comprehensive electromagnetic method of AMT, CSAMT and TEM method.The application effects and the consistency of each method had been studied and compared, the detection ability of three method to deep porphyry copper deposits has been evaluated and the3D resistivity model of the quartz diorite porphyry body has been built.
The five magnetotelluric sounding profiles(sum to500sounding points) covered the eastern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt, the Lujiang-Zongyang volcanic basin, Kongcheng red sedimentary basin, Tan-Lu fault zone and Yangtze fault depression. As the decomposition of the magnetotelluric impedance tensor show the underground electrical structure of Lujiang-Zongyang volcanic basin is approximately a two-dimensional structure, but the deep structure of basin has the three-dimensional characteristics, the electrical axis is nearly east-north direction indicating the main structure of research area is E-N direction. After the data processing (including the remote reference processing, power spectrum selecting and static shift correction) and the2D NLGG inversion of five profiles, the2D electric structure images about10km depths are obtained. The results show that the Lujiang-Zongyang volcanic basin has the characteristic of high resistivity and the thickness of ca.6km, the abnormality of low resistivity in the depths of-8km to-10km may be caused by the hydrothermal activity, fluid and water-rock interaction, the deformation bottom layer from Triassic to Sinian occurs as dense and compact masses with middle-high resistivity value. Kongcheng red sedimentary basin has the characteristic of low resistivity, the bottom layer shows the high resistivity and superimposition,dip direction is southeast, may be the result of extrusion and overthrusting.Within the depths of10km, the Yangtze fault depression can be divided into two electrical layer, top layer is the high conductivity layer, the deep layer is low conductivity layer. A Triassic thrust fault, in NW direction may be in the deep of the Yangtze fault depression. Deposit position have perfect correspondence to the deep high resistance body or fault zone.The deep high resistance body may be the subvolcanic rock and syenite,which formed by the magmatic hydrothermal fluids.
The geophysical and geological model for Shaxi porphyry copper deposit was established according to the geological data and exploration profiles. In order to compare the detection ability of AMT and CSAMT in theoretically, the numerical simulations were proceeded. Based on the acquisition parameter experiment and analysis influence of selection parameter for data acquisition, the detection experiment of three method were arranged in known geological exploration profiles.The test results show that the ore body has the characteristic of high resistivity in the resistivity section of AMT,CSAMT and TEM. There are obvious differences of electric structure in different AMT resistivity section, the high resistance anomaly takes the shape of kupola or columnar, may be related to the attitude of stratum and high resistivity. The electrical structure of CSAMT profiles have better consistency, can clearly reflect the host space and ore-controlling structure. The ability of TEM to distinguish between surrounding rock and the rock mass is poor, but more sensitive to low resistance body. All the analysis shows that the AMT method can be used in the regional exploration to delineated the favorable mineralized section, then the fine detection by CSAMT method can be used.
At last, based on the AMT data, using3D block Kriging interpolation method to constructed a3D interpolation of the resistivity value in the depth of-1000m, finally a3D resistivity model had been constructed to display the distribution and the shape of deep quartz diorite porphyry, which provides a reference for ore prospecting of Shaxi porphyry copper deposit and its surroundings.
(1)覆盖庐枞火山岩盆地及邻区构造单元布置了5条大地电磁测深剖面,在完成野外数据采集、数据处理和二维反演的基础上,结合地质资料对火山岩盆地基底构造、内部构造、岩性界面、火山机构、深部次火山岩体和正长岩体的电性特征进行了分析研究；(2)选择位于庐枞盆地西北缘、郯庐断裂带内的沙溪斑岩型铜矿床为试验矿床,开展了AMT、CSAMT和TEM综合电磁法深部找矿试验,对比了各方法的一致性和应用效果,评估了各方法深部找矿的能力,并建立了沙溪铜矿石英闪长斑岩体3D电阻率模型。
5条大地电磁测深(MT)剖面(共计500个测深点)覆盖大别造山带东缘、庐枞火山岩盆地、孔城沉积红盆、郯庐断裂带、长江断陷带等构造单元。大地电磁测深数据阻抗张量分解结果表明：庐枞盆地电性结构具有二维结构特征,电性主轴方位为北东向,但是盆地深部三维结构特明显,深部构造复杂。通过对5条MT剖面数据进行统一处理(远参考技术处理、功率谱挑选和静位移校正等)和二维非线性共轭梯度(NLCG)反演获得了10km深度范围的二维电性结构模型图。研究结果表明：庐枞火山岩盆地整体呈高阻特征,厚度约6km；盆地之下-8km至-10km范围区域存在低阻异常区,可能是热液活动、流体及水-岩相互作用引起的；震旦纪-三叠纪(Z-T)的褶皱基底,呈致密块状,中高阻特征。孔城沉积红盆低阻特征明显,深部基底呈现向南东叠覆的高阻块状特征,可能是由挤压推覆作用形成。长江断陷带具上部低阻-深部中阻的两层电性结构,在其深部可能存在一个向北西的三叠纪的逆冲断层。矿床产出部位与深部高阻体或低阻断裂带密切相关,深部高阻体可能是沿次级断裂上升的岩浆热液形成的次火山岩或正长岩体。
在收集、整理和分析沙溪斑岩铜矿床已有地质、地球物理资料的基础上,建立了沙溪斑岩铜矿地质和地球物理模型,并对AMT和CSAMT方法进行了数值模拟,从理论上对比了两种方法的探测能力。随后,在矿区开展了AMT、CSAMT和TEM方法野外采集参数试验,分析了各参数选取对数据采集结果的影响,选择矿区已有勘探线进行了三种方法的探测试验。试验结果表明：AMT、CSAMT和TEM三种方法对岩体均反映为高阻异常。多条AMT剖面的电性结构相差较大,高阻异常呈直立柱状或是岩钟状,可能与地层大倾角和高电阻率相关。三条CSAMT剖面反映的电性结构一致性较好,能够清晰的反映容矿空间和控矿构造的特征。TEM法探测结构很难区分岩体和围岩,但对于低阻体反映灵敏。因此,利用AMT方法高效、易操作的特点在矿区开展扫面探测工作,圈定有利矿化地段,进而选择探测精度精度较高的CSAMT法在圈定的重要异常区开展精细探测不失为一种可行的勘查策略。最后,利用AMT探测的数据,通过块克里金3D插值方法对电阻率值在-1000m深度范围内进行插值,以电阻率800Ω·m为石英闪长斑岩体电阻率值下限值,利用三维可视化技术圈定出了深部石英闪长斑岩体的空间分布特征,建立了岩体的3D电阻率模型,为矿区及外围深部找矿提供了参考。
Lujiang-Zongyang volcanic basin is located in the Middle-lower Yangtze metallogenic belt of eastern China。It is a large ore-concentrated areas mainly of iron, sulfur (copper), including the main metallogenic types of porphyrite iron deposits,porphyry copper deposits and strata-bound and hydrothermal superimposed deformation type,and so on.The contents of the dissertation specifically include as follow:the first part, five magnetotelluric sounding profiles were arranged covering the volcanic basin and tectonic units in neighboring area. After the collection of field data, data processing and2D inversion, the basement structure of volcanic basin, internal structure, interface of lithology, volcanic apparatus, the spatial distribution of subvolcanic rock and syenite mass were analysised and researched combining with the geological data; the secend part, we selected the Shaxi porphyry copper deposit which is located in the northwestern margin of basin,within Tanlu fault zone as test deposit, carried out the deep prospecting experiment using the comprehensive electromagnetic method of AMT, CSAMT and TEM method.The application effects and the consistency of each method had been studied and compared, the detection ability of three method to deep porphyry copper deposits has been evaluated and the3D resistivity model of the quartz diorite porphyry body has been built.
The five magnetotelluric sounding profiles(sum to500sounding points) covered the eastern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt, the Lujiang-Zongyang volcanic basin, Kongcheng red sedimentary basin, Tan-Lu fault zone and Yangtze fault depression. As the decomposition of the magnetotelluric impedance tensor show the underground electrical structure of Lujiang-Zongyang volcanic basin is approximately a two-dimensional structure, but the deep structure of basin has the three-dimensional characteristics, the electrical axis is nearly east-north direction indicating the main structure of research area is E-N direction. After the data processing (including the remote reference processing, power spectrum selecting and static shift correction) and the2D NLGG inversion of five profiles, the2D electric structure images about10km depths are obtained. The results show that the Lujiang-Zongyang volcanic basin has the characteristic of high resistivity and the thickness of ca.6km, the abnormality of low resistivity in the depths of-8km to-10km may be caused by the hydrothermal activity, fluid and water-rock interaction, the deformation bottom layer from Triassic to Sinian occurs as dense and compact masses with middle-high resistivity value. Kongcheng red sedimentary basin has the characteristic of low resistivity, the bottom layer shows the high resistivity and superimposition,dip direction is southeast, may be the result of extrusion and overthrusting.Within the depths of10km, the Yangtze fault depression can be divided into two electrical layer, top layer is the high conductivity layer, the deep layer is low conductivity layer. A Triassic thrust fault, in NW direction may be in the deep of the Yangtze fault depression. Deposit position have perfect correspondence to the deep high resistance body or fault zone.The deep high resistance body may be the subvolcanic rock and syenite,which formed by the magmatic hydrothermal fluids.
The geophysical and geological model for Shaxi porphyry copper deposit was established according to the geological data and exploration profiles. In order to compare the detection ability of AMT and CSAMT in theoretically, the numerical simulations were proceeded. Based on the acquisition parameter experiment and analysis influence of selection parameter for data acquisition, the detection experiment of three method were arranged in known geological exploration profiles.The test results show that the ore body has the characteristic of high resistivity in the resistivity section of AMT,CSAMT and TEM. There are obvious differences of electric structure in different AMT resistivity section, the high resistance anomaly takes the shape of kupola or columnar, may be related to the attitude of stratum and high resistivity. The electrical structure of CSAMT profiles have better consistency, can clearly reflect the host space and ore-controlling structure. The ability of TEM to distinguish between surrounding rock and the rock mass is poor, but more sensitive to low resistance body. All the analysis shows that the AMT method can be used in the regional exploration to delineated the favorable mineralized section, then the fine detection by CSAMT method can be used.
At last, based on the AMT data, using3D block Kriging interpolation method to constructed a3D interpolation of the resistivity value in the depth of-1000m, finally a3D resistivity model had been constructed to display the distribution and the shape of deep quartz diorite porphyry, which provides a reference for ore prospecting of Shaxi porphyry copper deposit and its surroundings.
引文
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