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楼宇自动化系统的设计方法及其应用研究
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摘要
随着电子信息技术的发展,声音、图像、数据通信得到迅速发展,建筑物中设备的自动化程度不断提高,正从分散的、个别的控制,发展为集中的综合自动控制。智能建筑技术正是在这样的背景下得到蓬勃发展的,它包含的学科领域相当广阔,它的崛起是多种学科、多种技术综合应用的结果,如建筑学、电气技术、通信技术、计算机技术、自动控制技术、空调技术、管理技术等。
     本文在全面讨论智能建筑的基础上,深入研究了其中的楼宇自动化系统构成,从系统设计的角度出发,提出了基于应用层的楼宇自动化系统方案,设计了系统监控总表,以用于指导系统控制分站的划分,讨论了楼宇自动化系统的软件和硬件及其组态,并对系统集成所选用的BACnet~(TM)通信协议进行了详细的研究。建立了各控制子系统的集成监控系统,在分析监控系统功能的基础上,确定了系统的软件结构;设计开发了基于Web的远程监控平台;提出了集Ethernet、TCP/IP和BACnet~(TM)于一体的监控系统的网络结构和通讯协议。
     最后,对其多个子系统中的中央空调控制系统控制方案进行了深入而详细的讨论,提出了集散式控制和变风量控制的方法。尤其是利用Visual Basic6.0开发了上位机管理软件,下位机开发了一种基于ATMEL公司的AT89C2051单片机和89C51单片机作为微处理器的廉价实用的终端控制器。
With the development of electronic and informational techniques, sound and images techniques, communication techniques, etc., the automation level of buildings is also developed. Concentrated and integrated automation control systems are formed from distributed and separated one. Intelligent Building(IB) flourished on this background, the result of many fields and subjects, which deals with such techniques as architecture, electric, communication, computer, automation control, air-condition and management, etc.
    On the base of full-scale discussion of Intelligent Buildings (IB), this paper introduces the structure of IB in detail and three main aspects such as the Buildings Automation System (BAS) which is one of the most important three parts of Intelligent Buildings. From the point of system design, a scheme of building automation system based on the application level is brought forward a set of monitoring tables for system is designed, which can help forming control substations. This paper also discusses the hardware and software of the whole system and their configurations, and BACnet?a standard communication protocol for Intelligent Buildings. The supervisory system of every subsystems is set up, and then on the base of function analysis of the supervisory system, the software structures of the system are established. A remote supervisory system is developed and a network structure and communication protocol including Ethernet, TCP/IP, and BACnet?is also proposed for this supervisory system.
    Finally, in many subsystems comprising the Buildings Automation System, this paper focuses its emphasis on the design of the central air-conditioning control system and presents the control strategy of Distributed Control System and the method of vari-wind-volume control. The management software of the epigyny computer was developed by Visual Basic 6.0, and hyponygy computer is an end controller based on AT89C2051 and 89C51 single chip, which are very cheap and applied.
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