基于有限元的空间光学相机SIC主镜设计研究
|
摘要
空间探测技术的发展对空间相机提出了越来越高的分辨率需求,主镜作为对分辨率起基础性决定作用的光学元件,其需求尺寸也越来越大。主镜口径的增大带来一系列需要解决的问题:反射镜因自重而引起的镜面变形增大;反射镜因镜体温度梯度而产生的镜面热膨胀变形增大;相机的发射成本增加等。因此,对于大中型口径空间相机主镜必须进行轻量化设计。主镜作为空间相机中最大的光学元件,面形精度要求高,使用空间热环境复杂,因此必须分析空间热环境变化对其成像质量的影响,对主镜使用环境提出温控要求。
本文介绍了国内外关于本课题的研究现状,对比主镜常用材料的综合特性,选择碳化硅作为主镜材料。根据国内的加工技术条件,确定主镜的结构形式;运用有限元分析方法得出主镜最佳支撑位置,以及主镜最大变形与主镜一阶模态分布的关系;改变主镜背部各个参数分析主镜面形变化规律,根据镜面面形的变化趋势确定主镜合理的轻量化形式。采用动力学校核模拟的方式分析主镜的动力学特性,确认主镜设计的合理性。最终设计出平背型背部支撑最优化结构的主镜形式,其轻量化水平达69.6%,并与另一常用中心支撑结构对比,分析其优越性。
本文对轻量化的主镜在均匀温度场、轴向温度梯度场、径向温度梯度场条件下的面形变化分别进行模拟分析。得出不考虑重力的影响,保证镜面面形精度的条件是:上表面温度大于下表面不超过0.3℃;下表面温度高于上表面温度不大于0.36℃;外径温度高于内径温度不大于0.6℃;内径温度高于外径温度不大于0.45℃。继续模拟了轴向及径向温差1～5℃时镜面的面形变化情况,并将模拟得到的综合面形变化带入光学设计软件模拟出其对光学系统传递函数MTF的影响。根据相机光学系统光学传递函数MTF随轴向及径向温度变化的结果及相机工作时的具体要求,对本相机温度控制提供参考依据。
With the development of the space optical detector technology, the high-resolution optical system is necessary. The primary mirror is the key to the resolution of space optical system, which demands the size of primary mirror bigger and bigger for the space cammer. Increasing in diameter, however, lead to the following technological problems: the deformation of the primary mirror caused by selfweight, the heat-swell deformation of the mirror face caused by the change of the environment temperature, the mirror grads, the cost of launch will all increase. So, the weight of middle and large primary mirror must be reduced by excision the part of the mirror which doesn't take part in imaging. Also as the largest optical element, the primary mirror is the key part of the space optical system, its surface figure affects the imaging quality directly and the space thermal environment is complex. So we must analyze the imaging quality change of the optical system caused by the space thermal environment.and bring forward the request of the temperature control.
This paper summarizes the development of primary mirror's lighten method.Then, based on the analysis of the material, SiC is chosen as the material for the primary mirror. According to the machining technic in china, the open-back style of primary mirror was chosen. Considering the design requirements of the primary mirror, the static and dynamic properties of the SiC mirror with the sector, the triangle and the circle structure are analyzed. Mirrors with the sector structural form which has the best combination property are chosen to do the optimum analysis. Some structure parameters having significant effect on the mechanical properties and the mass of the mirror, such as thickness of the mirror, the faceplate and the rib, are used as the design variables. Finally, we get a mirror style which has just 30.4% weight of a solid style, and completed with the other mirror style use the center position fixup style.we got a conclusion that the mirrors with the sector structural are better than the center position fixup style.
This thesis also analyzinged the imaging quality change of the optical system caused by the space thermal environment .Under different orientation temperature grads, there exist different deformation of the mirror face, which wreck the quality of image intensively. If we hope to get a wonderful image quality, we must control the axial temperature different and control the radial temperature different in a reasonable confine.
本文介绍了国内外关于本课题的研究现状,对比主镜常用材料的综合特性,选择碳化硅作为主镜材料。根据国内的加工技术条件,确定主镜的结构形式;运用有限元分析方法得出主镜最佳支撑位置,以及主镜最大变形与主镜一阶模态分布的关系;改变主镜背部各个参数分析主镜面形变化规律,根据镜面面形的变化趋势确定主镜合理的轻量化形式。采用动力学校核模拟的方式分析主镜的动力学特性,确认主镜设计的合理性。最终设计出平背型背部支撑最优化结构的主镜形式,其轻量化水平达69.6%,并与另一常用中心支撑结构对比,分析其优越性。
本文对轻量化的主镜在均匀温度场、轴向温度梯度场、径向温度梯度场条件下的面形变化分别进行模拟分析。得出不考虑重力的影响,保证镜面面形精度的条件是:上表面温度大于下表面不超过0.3℃;下表面温度高于上表面温度不大于0.36℃;外径温度高于内径温度不大于0.6℃;内径温度高于外径温度不大于0.45℃。继续模拟了轴向及径向温差1～5℃时镜面的面形变化情况,并将模拟得到的综合面形变化带入光学设计软件模拟出其对光学系统传递函数MTF的影响。根据相机光学系统光学传递函数MTF随轴向及径向温度变化的结果及相机工作时的具体要求,对本相机温度控制提供参考依据。
With the development of the space optical detector technology, the high-resolution optical system is necessary. The primary mirror is the key to the resolution of space optical system, which demands the size of primary mirror bigger and bigger for the space cammer. Increasing in diameter, however, lead to the following technological problems: the deformation of the primary mirror caused by selfweight, the heat-swell deformation of the mirror face caused by the change of the environment temperature, the mirror grads, the cost of launch will all increase. So, the weight of middle and large primary mirror must be reduced by excision the part of the mirror which doesn't take part in imaging. Also as the largest optical element, the primary mirror is the key part of the space optical system, its surface figure affects the imaging quality directly and the space thermal environment is complex. So we must analyze the imaging quality change of the optical system caused by the space thermal environment.and bring forward the request of the temperature control.
This paper summarizes the development of primary mirror's lighten method.Then, based on the analysis of the material, SiC is chosen as the material for the primary mirror. According to the machining technic in china, the open-back style of primary mirror was chosen. Considering the design requirements of the primary mirror, the static and dynamic properties of the SiC mirror with the sector, the triangle and the circle structure are analyzed. Mirrors with the sector structural form which has the best combination property are chosen to do the optimum analysis. Some structure parameters having significant effect on the mechanical properties and the mass of the mirror, such as thickness of the mirror, the faceplate and the rib, are used as the design variables. Finally, we get a mirror style which has just 30.4% weight of a solid style, and completed with the other mirror style use the center position fixup style.we got a conclusion that the mirrors with the sector structural are better than the center position fixup style.
This thesis also analyzinged the imaging quality change of the optical system caused by the space thermal environment .Under different orientation temperature grads, there exist different deformation of the mirror face, which wreck the quality of image intensively. If we hope to get a wonderful image quality, we must control the axial temperature different and control the radial temperature different in a reasonable confine.
引文
[1]郁道银,谈恒英.《工程光学》.北京,机械工业出版社,1999.4:120-131.
[2]裴云天,刘正兴.用于空间光学仪器的镜子的轻量化研究.中国空间科学技术,1991,(6):11-15.
[3]伍凡.温度对大型光学镜子质量的影响[J].光学工程.1986,(4):24-29.
[4]Thomas B.Parsonage.Selecting mirror materials for high-performance optical system.SPIE Vol.1335,1990:119-126.
[5]Roger A.Paquin.Materials for mirror systems:an overview.SPIE Vol.2543,1995:2-11.
[6]Stefan K,Andersson,Michael E.Thomas.Infrared properties of CVD β-SiC.Infrared-Physics & Technology.1998,39:223-234.
[7]武七德,洪小林,黄代勇.反应烧结碳化硅研究进展.硅酸盐通报,2002,1:29-33.
[8]魏明坤,张广军,张丽鹏等.渗硅碳化硅材料结构与性能关系的研究.硅酸盐学报,2002,30(2):254-257.
[9]刘荣军,张长瑞,周新贵等.CVD-SiC致密表面涂层制备及表征.材料工程,2005,4:3-6.
[10]ROBICHAUD J,GUREGIAN J J,SCHWALM M。SiC optics for earth observing applications[J]1.SPIE,2003,5151:53-62.
[11]PLUMMERR,BRAYD。Guidelines for design of super SiC silicon carbide mirror substrates and precision components[J].SPIE,2002,4771:265-275.
[12]郝寅雷,赵文兴,翁志成.新型反射镜材料-碳化硅.宇航材料工艺,2001,4:11-14.
[13]Mark A.Ealey,John A.Wellman.Ultra light weight silicon carbide mirror design.SP IE Vol.2857,1996:73-77.
[14]Mark A.Ealey,John A.Wellman.Polish ability of CERAFORM silicon carbide.SP IE Vol.2857,1996:78-85.
[15]Tobin E,M.agida M B,Kishner S J et al.Design,fabrication,and test of a meter-class reaction-bonded SiC mirror blank.SPIE Vol.2543,1995:12-21.
[16]Oberto Citterio,Giancarlo Parodi.SiC-foamed mirror for telescope operating in space or on ground.SPIE,1997,2871:337-342.
[17]TOBINE,MAGIDAM,KISHNERS,et al.Design,fabrication and test of a meter-class reaction bonded SiC mirror blank[J].SPIE,1995,2543:12-21.
[18]BREIDEN THALRS,GALATR,GEAN Y J J.Optical surfacing of one-meter class reaction bonded silicon carbide[J].SPIE,1995,2543:248-253.
[19]PICKERINGMA,TAYLORRL,KEEEYJT.Chemically vapor deposited silicon for optical applications[J].SPIE,1989,1118:2-13.
[20]Edwin F Erickson,Michael A Honaker,Chad A Brivkalns,et al.Backup secondary mirror and mechanismfor SOFIA.Proc.SPIE,2004,5489:203-211.
[21]http://www.rssd.esa.int/Herschel/Publ/2002/telescope_spie02.pdf.
[22]http://www.astro.utu.fi/tuorla/new/mirror.Shtml.
[23]ROBBP,HFFL,FORNEYP,et all Interferometric measurements of silicon carbide mirrors at liquid helium temperature[J].SPIE,1995,2543:196-200.
[24]NOVIA,BASILEG,CITTERIOO,et all.Lightweight SiC foamed mirrors for space applications[J].SPIE,2001,4444:59-65.
[25]O.Citterio,G.Parodi.SiC foamed mirror for telescope operating in space or on ground.SPIE Vol.2871,1998:337-342.
[26]http://atlas.riken.jp/～ebizuka/ebi.html(Japanese).
[27]Takao Nakagawa,SPICA Working Group.SPICA:space infrared telescope for cosmology and astrophysics.Advances in Space Research,2004,34:645-650.
[28]BO(E|¨)RM.ARAGO:A light robotic observatory for Dome-C[J].Memorie Societ aA stronomica Italiana,2003,2(Suppl):221-226.
[29]ANTOINEP,FRUITM.SiC telescope demonstrator(mirrors& structure) opto-mechanical performances[J].SPIE,1999,3737:418-429.
[30]LIU R J,ZHANG C R,ZHOU X G,et al.SiC coatings for mirrors prepared by low pressure chemical vapor deposition[J].Jorunal of Materials Science Letters,2003,22(11):841-843.
[31]范镝,张忠玉,牛海燕等.反应烧结碳化硅球面反射镜的光学加工与检测.光学技术,2003,30(1):6-8.
[32]戴长虹,水丽.碳化硅纳米晶须的制备.硅酸盐学报,2001,29(3):275-277.
[33]王君林.光学用SiC反射镜的研究[D].长春:中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,2002.6:4-11.
[34]韩媛媛,张宇民,韩杰才,等.国内外碳化硅反射镜及系统研究进展.材料工程,2005,6:59-63.
[35]黄政仁,谭寿洪,陈忠明,等.碳化硅材料的空间应用-轻量化反射镜[J].中国空间科学学会空间材料专业委员会学术交流会,2002,(5):85-91.
[36]刘钧,高明.光学设计[J].西安电子科技大学出版社,2006,10:104-110.
[1]齐亚范,方敬忠等.轻型反射镜研究与发展.光学技术.第三期,1998.5.49-52
[2]杨力等.先进光学制造技术。北京:科学出版社,2001.3.45-69.
[3]吴清文。空间相机中主镜的轻量化技术及其应用,光学精密工程,第5卷,第6期,1997.12.69-80
[4]Maser K R,Soosaar K.Elastic analysis of Large spaceborne mirrors,in:proceedings of 9~(th)international ICO conferenee.Thompson B and Shannon R,eds.,Nat.Aead.Of Sci.184
[5]刘宏伟。基于有限元法的空间相机主镜的设计,中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所。2003.2:3-5
[6]Yoder Paul R Jr,OPto-mechanical systems design.Marcel Deller,Inc,New york,And Basel (ISBN:0-824707347-0),2006.
[7]韩媛媛,张宇民,韩杰才等,碳化硅反射镜轻量化结构优化设计,光电工程,第33卷, 第8期2006.8.123-126
[8]俞天野,贾建军,大口径主反射镜的轻量化方案设计,红外,第28卷,第8期2007.8.6-10
[9]Ling Ning,Guan Chun lin.Deformable mirrors and Fast steering mirrors Developed in the Instituteof Optics and electronics,Chinese Academy of sciences.SPIE,1996(2828):472-478
[10]曾志革,凌宁。能动盘簿主镜技术模拟研究.强激光与粒子束,1996,8(11).
[11]Wilson R N.Reflecting telescope optics Ⅱ.Springer,1998(1).245-256
[12]Angel J R,hill J M.Manufacture of Large Glass Heney comb Mirrors.SPIE,1982(332):198-206
[13]Marker A.J,et al.Lightweight Large Mirror Blanks of Zerodur.SPIE,1985(571):51-59
[14]HansFMetal.ZerodurforLightweight Secondary/Tertiary Mirrors.SPIE,1998(3352):140-150
[15]Lewis W C.Space Telescope Mirrors Substrate in Space Optics.Proceedings of the Seminar,Huntsville,Ala.,1979.Bellingham,Wash.,Society of Photo-optica lInstrumentation Engineers,1979:114-117
[16]Mccarthy D J,Facey T A.design and Fabrication of the NASA 2.4-meter Space Telescope.SPIE,1982(330):139-143
[17]Spangenberg-Jolley J,T Hobbs.Mirrors Substrate Fabrication Techniques of Low Expansion Glasses.SPIE,1989(1013):198-206
[18]Suresh T Gulati,Mary J.Edwards.ULE-zero Expansion,Low density,and Dimensionally Stable Material for Lightweight Optical Systems.SPIE,1997(CR67):107-136
[19]方敬忠等.轻型反射镜的研究与发展.光学技术,1998.Vol.131,No.3
[20]马克苏托夫.天文光学工艺.北京:科学出版社,1964,
[21]Mehta P K.Flexural rigidity characteristics of light-weighted mirror.SPIE,1987(748):158-171
[22]Time M.Valente,Daniel Vukobratovich:A comparison of the merits of open-back,symmetric sandwich and contoured back mirrors as light-weighted optics.SPIE.1989(1167):20-36
[23]Barnes W P.Hexagonal vs Triangular Core Lightweight Mirror Structures.Appl.Opt,1972,11(12):2748-2751
[24]Sheng S C F.Lightweight Mirror Structure-best Core Sharps:Areversal of historical belief.Appl.Opt,1988,27(2):354-359
[1]吴清文.空间相机主镜的力学、温度场特性及轻量化研究.中国科学院长春光机所博士学位论文.1997.5.45-53
[2]吴清文,卢锷,王家琪等.空间光学遥感器主镜背部形状的选择.空间科学学报.第七卷第12期.1997.4.172-177
[3]吴清文.空间相机中主镜的轻量化技术及其应用.光学精密工程.第5卷第6期.1997.12.70-79
[4]王建设.空间光学组件的动力学环境试验.光学精密工程,2001,4
[5]陈丁跃.光学精密航天仪器运载中的环境振动试验研究.仪器仪表学报,第27卷第7期2006.7:711-714
[6]孙宝玉.轻型大视场光学遥感器结构动态特性研究,中国科学院长春光机所博士学位论文.1994.6.53-66
[7]丁福建,李英才.大口径相机主镜/次镜结构动力减振的研究[J].光子学报,1999,(5):458-462.
[8]吴清文.空间相机中主镜的轻量化技术及其应用[J].光学精密工程,1997。12,5(6):70-80
[1]赵鹏 吴清文 卢锷 王家骐.航天相机主镜热特性研究.光学精密工程.1997(12)第5期第6卷:65-69
[2]王红,韩昌元.温度变化导致航天相机光学系统像面位移的研究.光学技术.2003(11)第6期第29卷:738-740
[3]Olivieri O,Pieri S,Romoli A.Analysis of defocusing thermaleffectsm opticalsystems[J]Proceedings of SPIE,1996,2774:283-292
[4]吴清文 卢锷 王家骐 牛晓明.主镜稳定温度场特性分析.光学精密工程.1996(12)第4卷第6期:47-52
[5]杨世杰译.马克苏托夫ДД.天文光学工艺[M].北京:科学出版社[M],1986.19-21.
[6]Roger W.Applewhite,The effects of thermal gradients on the Mars Observer Camera primary mirro r.SPIE,1992,1690,376-386
[2]裴云天,刘正兴.用于空间光学仪器的镜子的轻量化研究.中国空间科学技术,1991,(6):11-15.
[3]伍凡.温度对大型光学镜子质量的影响[J].光学工程.1986,(4):24-29.
[4]Thomas B.Parsonage.Selecting mirror materials for high-performance optical system.SPIE Vol.1335,1990:119-126.
[5]Roger A.Paquin.Materials for mirror systems:an overview.SPIE Vol.2543,1995:2-11.
[6]Stefan K,Andersson,Michael E.Thomas.Infrared properties of CVD β-SiC.Infrared-Physics & Technology.1998,39:223-234.
[7]武七德,洪小林,黄代勇.反应烧结碳化硅研究进展.硅酸盐通报,2002,1:29-33.
[8]魏明坤,张广军,张丽鹏等.渗硅碳化硅材料结构与性能关系的研究.硅酸盐学报,2002,30(2):254-257.
[9]刘荣军,张长瑞,周新贵等.CVD-SiC致密表面涂层制备及表征.材料工程,2005,4:3-6.
[10]ROBICHAUD J,GUREGIAN J J,SCHWALM M。SiC optics for earth observing applications[J]1.SPIE,2003,5151:53-62.
[11]PLUMMERR,BRAYD。Guidelines for design of super SiC silicon carbide mirror substrates and precision components[J].SPIE,2002,4771:265-275.
[12]郝寅雷,赵文兴,翁志成.新型反射镜材料-碳化硅.宇航材料工艺,2001,4:11-14.
[13]Mark A.Ealey,John A.Wellman.Ultra light weight silicon carbide mirror design.SP IE Vol.2857,1996:73-77.
[14]Mark A.Ealey,John A.Wellman.Polish ability of CERAFORM silicon carbide.SP IE Vol.2857,1996:78-85.
[15]Tobin E,M.agida M B,Kishner S J et al.Design,fabrication,and test of a meter-class reaction-bonded SiC mirror blank.SPIE Vol.2543,1995:12-21.
[16]Oberto Citterio,Giancarlo Parodi.SiC-foamed mirror for telescope operating in space or on ground.SPIE,1997,2871:337-342.
[17]TOBINE,MAGIDAM,KISHNERS,et al.Design,fabrication and test of a meter-class reaction bonded SiC mirror blank[J].SPIE,1995,2543:12-21.
[18]BREIDEN THALRS,GALATR,GEAN Y J J.Optical surfacing of one-meter class reaction bonded silicon carbide[J].SPIE,1995,2543:248-253.
[19]PICKERINGMA,TAYLORRL,KEEEYJT.Chemically vapor deposited silicon for optical applications[J].SPIE,1989,1118:2-13.
[20]Edwin F Erickson,Michael A Honaker,Chad A Brivkalns,et al.Backup secondary mirror and mechanismfor SOFIA.Proc.SPIE,2004,5489:203-211.
[21]http://www.rssd.esa.int/Herschel/Publ/2002/telescope_spie02.pdf.
[22]http://www.astro.utu.fi/tuorla/new/mirror.Shtml.
[23]ROBBP,HFFL,FORNEYP,et all Interferometric measurements of silicon carbide mirrors at liquid helium temperature[J].SPIE,1995,2543:196-200.
[24]NOVIA,BASILEG,CITTERIOO,et all.Lightweight SiC foamed mirrors for space applications[J].SPIE,2001,4444:59-65.
[25]O.Citterio,G.Parodi.SiC foamed mirror for telescope operating in space or on ground.SPIE Vol.2871,1998:337-342.
[26]http://atlas.riken.jp/～ebizuka/ebi.html(Japanese).
[27]Takao Nakagawa,SPICA Working Group.SPICA:space infrared telescope for cosmology and astrophysics.Advances in Space Research,2004,34:645-650.
[28]BO(E|¨)RM.ARAGO:A light robotic observatory for Dome-C[J].Memorie Societ aA stronomica Italiana,2003,2(Suppl):221-226.
[29]ANTOINEP,FRUITM.SiC telescope demonstrator(mirrors& structure) opto-mechanical performances[J].SPIE,1999,3737:418-429.
[30]LIU R J,ZHANG C R,ZHOU X G,et al.SiC coatings for mirrors prepared by low pressure chemical vapor deposition[J].Jorunal of Materials Science Letters,2003,22(11):841-843.
[31]范镝,张忠玉,牛海燕等.反应烧结碳化硅球面反射镜的光学加工与检测.光学技术,2003,30(1):6-8.
[32]戴长虹,水丽.碳化硅纳米晶须的制备.硅酸盐学报,2001,29(3):275-277.
[33]王君林.光学用SiC反射镜的研究[D].长春:中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,2002.6:4-11.
[34]韩媛媛,张宇民,韩杰才,等.国内外碳化硅反射镜及系统研究进展.材料工程,2005,6:59-63.
[35]黄政仁,谭寿洪,陈忠明,等.碳化硅材料的空间应用-轻量化反射镜[J].中国空间科学学会空间材料专业委员会学术交流会,2002,(5):85-91.
[36]刘钧,高明.光学设计[J].西安电子科技大学出版社,2006,10:104-110.
[1]齐亚范,方敬忠等.轻型反射镜研究与发展.光学技术.第三期,1998.5.49-52
[2]杨力等.先进光学制造技术。北京:科学出版社,2001.3.45-69.
[3]吴清文。空间相机中主镜的轻量化技术及其应用,光学精密工程,第5卷,第6期,1997.12.69-80
[4]Maser K R,Soosaar K.Elastic analysis of Large spaceborne mirrors,in:proceedings of 9~(th)international ICO conferenee.Thompson B and Shannon R,eds.,Nat.Aead.Of Sci.184
[5]刘宏伟。基于有限元法的空间相机主镜的设计,中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所。2003.2:3-5
[6]Yoder Paul R Jr,OPto-mechanical systems design.Marcel Deller,Inc,New york,And Basel (ISBN:0-824707347-0),2006.
[7]韩媛媛,张宇民,韩杰才等,碳化硅反射镜轻量化结构优化设计,光电工程,第33卷, 第8期2006.8.123-126
[8]俞天野,贾建军,大口径主反射镜的轻量化方案设计,红外,第28卷,第8期2007.8.6-10
[9]Ling Ning,Guan Chun lin.Deformable mirrors and Fast steering mirrors Developed in the Instituteof Optics and electronics,Chinese Academy of sciences.SPIE,1996(2828):472-478
[10]曾志革,凌宁。能动盘簿主镜技术模拟研究.强激光与粒子束,1996,8(11).
[11]Wilson R N.Reflecting telescope optics Ⅱ.Springer,1998(1).245-256
[12]Angel J R,hill J M.Manufacture of Large Glass Heney comb Mirrors.SPIE,1982(332):198-206
[13]Marker A.J,et al.Lightweight Large Mirror Blanks of Zerodur.SPIE,1985(571):51-59
[14]HansFMetal.ZerodurforLightweight Secondary/Tertiary Mirrors.SPIE,1998(3352):140-150
[15]Lewis W C.Space Telescope Mirrors Substrate in Space Optics.Proceedings of the Seminar,Huntsville,Ala.,1979.Bellingham,Wash.,Society of Photo-optica lInstrumentation Engineers,1979:114-117
[16]Mccarthy D J,Facey T A.design and Fabrication of the NASA 2.4-meter Space Telescope.SPIE,1982(330):139-143
[17]Spangenberg-Jolley J,T Hobbs.Mirrors Substrate Fabrication Techniques of Low Expansion Glasses.SPIE,1989(1013):198-206
[18]Suresh T Gulati,Mary J.Edwards.ULE-zero Expansion,Low density,and Dimensionally Stable Material for Lightweight Optical Systems.SPIE,1997(CR67):107-136
[19]方敬忠等.轻型反射镜的研究与发展.光学技术,1998.Vol.131,No.3
[20]马克苏托夫.天文光学工艺.北京:科学出版社,1964,
[21]Mehta P K.Flexural rigidity characteristics of light-weighted mirror.SPIE,1987(748):158-171
[22]Time M.Valente,Daniel Vukobratovich:A comparison of the merits of open-back,symmetric sandwich and contoured back mirrors as light-weighted optics.SPIE.1989(1167):20-36
[23]Barnes W P.Hexagonal vs Triangular Core Lightweight Mirror Structures.Appl.Opt,1972,11(12):2748-2751
[24]Sheng S C F.Lightweight Mirror Structure-best Core Sharps:Areversal of historical belief.Appl.Opt,1988,27(2):354-359
[1]吴清文.空间相机主镜的力学、温度场特性及轻量化研究.中国科学院长春光机所博士学位论文.1997.5.45-53
[2]吴清文,卢锷,王家琪等.空间光学遥感器主镜背部形状的选择.空间科学学报.第七卷第12期.1997.4.172-177
[3]吴清文.空间相机中主镜的轻量化技术及其应用.光学精密工程.第5卷第6期.1997.12.70-79
[4]王建设.空间光学组件的动力学环境试验.光学精密工程,2001,4
[5]陈丁跃.光学精密航天仪器运载中的环境振动试验研究.仪器仪表学报,第27卷第7期2006.7:711-714
[6]孙宝玉.轻型大视场光学遥感器结构动态特性研究,中国科学院长春光机所博士学位论文.1994.6.53-66
[7]丁福建,李英才.大口径相机主镜/次镜结构动力减振的研究[J].光子学报,1999,(5):458-462.
[8]吴清文.空间相机中主镜的轻量化技术及其应用[J].光学精密工程,1997。12,5(6):70-80
[1]赵鹏 吴清文 卢锷 王家骐.航天相机主镜热特性研究.光学精密工程.1997(12)第5期第6卷:65-69
[2]王红,韩昌元.温度变化导致航天相机光学系统像面位移的研究.光学技术.2003(11)第6期第29卷:738-740
[3]Olivieri O,Pieri S,Romoli A.Analysis of defocusing thermaleffectsm opticalsystems[J]Proceedings of SPIE,1996,2774:283-292
[4]吴清文 卢锷 王家骐 牛晓明.主镜稳定温度场特性分析.光学精密工程.1996(12)第4卷第6期:47-52
[5]杨世杰译.马克苏托夫ДД.天文光学工艺[M].北京:科学出版社[M],1986.19-21.
[6]Roger W.Applewhite,The effects of thermal gradients on the Mars Observer Camera primary mirro r.SPIE,1992,1690,376-386