基于GIS的活断层灾害危险性评价
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摘要
我国各种地质灾害频发,不但造成了社会财产的损失和地质环境的恶化,而且严重威胁各种工程的建设。而活断层是引发地震、地裂缝、崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害重要因素。因此,活断层灾害已成为威胁各种工程安全建设与运营的重要地质病害,是交通建设中必须面对且又急待解决的关键地质问题之一。如何评价活断层灾害的危险性以及建立起基于GIS的活断层灾害危险性评价系统,为该类地区建设用地审批和指导工程建设提供科学依据,本文试图在这一领域做有益的探索。
本文以海原活动断裂带为研究对象,在已有地质资料和野外调查详尽分析的基础上,阐述了区内地质灾害的主要类型、形成机理及发育特征,以GIS为技术支撑,采用ArcGIS的ArcObjects组件技术,用模糊综合评价数学方法和层次分析技术构建了评价预测模型,建立了具有采集、管理和分析多种空间信息能力的软件工作平台,运用活断层数据库中各项活断层数据,对现有地质灾害发育强度和潜在地质灾害发生趋势的分别评价和预测,评价地质灾害对公路工程的危险性,为工程建设提供决策依据,并尽可能降低活断层产生的地质灾害对工程建设的影响。
通过本文的研究,得出以下结果,建立了研究区地质灾害危险性基本评价指标体系,然后基于模糊综合评判理论和层次分析方法,研究开发了基于GIS的活断层灾害评价预测系统,实现了地质灾害模糊综合评判专业模型与GIS系统的集成,并应用该系统,对研究区活断层、地质灾害进行了危险性评价和预测,取得了较为理想的效果。对研究结果进行分析,可知研究区地质灾害的发生发展主要受控于区内活断层分布、地形地貌、降雨条件及人类工程活动等因素,通过确定危险性较大的区域可以为工程建设规避风险降低损失提供正确的依据。
Geological disasters frequently happen in our country, its not only lead to the loss of property and geological environment is deteriorating, all but a serious threat to the construction of the project. The construction of projects is facing serious threat of geological disasters. Active fault, it is an important factors that trigger earthquakes, cracks and collapses, landslides, cracks and other geological disasters. Therefore, Active fault disasters have become threats to the western region highway projects especially highway network project construction and the safety of the operation Geological diseases, the western traffic building must face because they need to be resolved in one of the key geological problems. How to assess the active fault disaster risk and build GIS-based active fault hazard Zoning system for such areas of land for the construction of a scientific basis for approval. prove scientific basis to the engineering. In this paper, reasonable discussions have been dug into this research domain.
Based Haiyuan active fault zone to study the geological information and a detailed analysis of field investigations on the basis of elaborate geological disasters in the region, the main types of formation mechanism and the development characteristics of GIS technology support, using the ArcGIS ArcObjects component technology, Fuzzy mathematical evaluation methods and the level of analysis techniques construct the evaluation model, built a collection, management and analysis of a variety of spatial information software platforms, use of active fault database of all active fault data on the existing geological disasters strength and development potential geological disasters were evaluating trends and projections, Evaluation of geological disasters on the dangerous highway projects, the construction of the basis for decision-making, and minimize the active fault geological disasters on the impact of the construction.
Through this paper, the study found the following results of a study to establish the geological hazard basic evaluation system Based on the theory of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the level of analysis, research and development of the GIS-based fault-disaster forecasting system evaluation, Implementation of geological disasters fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of professional models and GIS systems integration, and application of the system, Research on active fault zone, the geological disaster risk assessment and prediction, and achieved more satisfactory results. The results of the analysis shows that the study area of geological disasters in the development of the region controlled by the major active faults distribution, topography, rainfall conditions and human factors engineering activities, by identifying more dangerous for regional projects to avoid risks to reduce losses correct basis.
本文以海原活动断裂带为研究对象,在已有地质资料和野外调查详尽分析的基础上,阐述了区内地质灾害的主要类型、形成机理及发育特征,以GIS为技术支撑,采用ArcGIS的ArcObjects组件技术,用模糊综合评价数学方法和层次分析技术构建了评价预测模型,建立了具有采集、管理和分析多种空间信息能力的软件工作平台,运用活断层数据库中各项活断层数据,对现有地质灾害发育强度和潜在地质灾害发生趋势的分别评价和预测,评价地质灾害对公路工程的危险性,为工程建设提供决策依据,并尽可能降低活断层产生的地质灾害对工程建设的影响。
通过本文的研究,得出以下结果,建立了研究区地质灾害危险性基本评价指标体系,然后基于模糊综合评判理论和层次分析方法,研究开发了基于GIS的活断层灾害评价预测系统,实现了地质灾害模糊综合评判专业模型与GIS系统的集成,并应用该系统,对研究区活断层、地质灾害进行了危险性评价和预测,取得了较为理想的效果。对研究结果进行分析,可知研究区地质灾害的发生发展主要受控于区内活断层分布、地形地貌、降雨条件及人类工程活动等因素,通过确定危险性较大的区域可以为工程建设规避风险降低损失提供正确的依据。
Geological disasters frequently happen in our country, its not only lead to the loss of property and geological environment is deteriorating, all but a serious threat to the construction of the project. The construction of projects is facing serious threat of geological disasters. Active fault, it is an important factors that trigger earthquakes, cracks and collapses, landslides, cracks and other geological disasters. Therefore, Active fault disasters have become threats to the western region highway projects especially highway network project construction and the safety of the operation Geological diseases, the western traffic building must face because they need to be resolved in one of the key geological problems. How to assess the active fault disaster risk and build GIS-based active fault hazard Zoning system for such areas of land for the construction of a scientific basis for approval. prove scientific basis to the engineering. In this paper, reasonable discussions have been dug into this research domain.
Based Haiyuan active fault zone to study the geological information and a detailed analysis of field investigations on the basis of elaborate geological disasters in the region, the main types of formation mechanism and the development characteristics of GIS technology support, using the ArcGIS ArcObjects component technology, Fuzzy mathematical evaluation methods and the level of analysis techniques construct the evaluation model, built a collection, management and analysis of a variety of spatial information software platforms, use of active fault database of all active fault data on the existing geological disasters strength and development potential geological disasters were evaluating trends and projections, Evaluation of geological disasters on the dangerous highway projects, the construction of the basis for decision-making, and minimize the active fault geological disasters on the impact of the construction.
Through this paper, the study found the following results of a study to establish the geological hazard basic evaluation system Based on the theory of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the level of analysis, research and development of the GIS-based fault-disaster forecasting system evaluation, Implementation of geological disasters fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of professional models and GIS systems integration, and application of the system, Research on active fault zone, the geological disaster risk assessment and prediction, and achieved more satisfactory results. The results of the analysis shows that the study area of geological disasters in the development of the region controlled by the major active faults distribution, topography, rainfall conditions and human factors engineering activities, by identifying more dangerous for regional projects to avoid risks to reduce losses correct basis.
引文
[1]胡海涛,周平根,论地质灾害与防治,西部探矿工程,1997,9(1):1-5
[2]Duan Yonghou,Introduction of environment geological map series of China National Hazards Maping Proceedings of the International Forum Geological Survey of Japan,Geological Survey of Japan Report,1995,28(1):1-5
[3]李起彤,活断层及其工程评价,地震出版社,1991
[4]公路工程活断层与地裂缝灾害的精细探测、危害评价及防治技术研究--可行性研究报告,长安大学,2004
[5]黄兆荣,基于GIS的地质灾害风险评价研究,福州大学硕士论文,2005
[6]朱金芳,徐锡伟,黄宗林,等,福州市活断层探测与地震危险性评价,科学出版社,2005
[7]殷跃平,李媛,区域地质灾害趋势预测理论与方法,工程地质学报,1996,475-79.
[8]沈芳,山区地质环境评价与地质灾害危险性区划的GIS系统,成都理工大学博士毕业论文,2000.6
[9]胡亚东,黄河积石峡水电站库岸地质灾害研究,成都理工大学硕士毕业论文,2004.6
[10]沈芳等,地理信息系统与地质环境评价,地质灾害与环境保护,2000,8:338-342
[11]Brand E W,Landslide risk assessment in Hong Kong,Landslide,1988.1059-1074
[12]Azm S.Al-homoud,Gutaiba A.Al-masri.An expert system for analysis and design of cut slopes and embankments.Environmental & Engineering Geoscience,1999,5(2):157-172
[13]Brabb E E,Panpeyan E.H,Bonilla M G.Map of Landslide Susceptibility in San Mateo Country,California,US Geological Survey,1972.156-157
[14]Arnould M.Geological Hazards-insurance and legal and technical aspects.Bulletin of International Association of Engineering Geology,1976,14:263-274
[15]Busoni E PS,Scnchis C,Calzolari A,Romagnoli.Mass Movement and Erosion Hazard Patterns by Multivariate Analysis of Landscape Integrate data:the Upper Orcia River Valley (Siena Italy) Case.Catena,1995.478-492
[16]Bell F G.Geological Hazards,Their Assessment,Avoidance and Mitigation.London:E&FN Spoon,1999.648.
[17]Besson L,Tacher Y.The Regulation of Map-making of Natural Hazards in Isere,France.Landslides,Ch.Bonaard(ed):1988.1497-1498
[18]张粱,张业成等,地质灾害评估理论与实践,北京:地质出版社1998
[19]刘传正,地质灾害勘察指南,北京:地质出版社,2000.8
[20]刘传正,杨冰,三峡库区地质灾害调查评价与监测预警新思维,工程地质学报,2001,9(2):121-126
[21]马寅生,张业成等,地质灾害风险评价的理论与方法,地质力学学报,2004,11(1):7-18
[22]程志刚,基于GIS的凤台县地质灾害评价与预测,安徽理工大学硕士论文,2006
[23]国土资源部文件,国土资发[2004]69号附件,建设用地地质灾害危险性评估技术要求(试行),2004
[24]杨天亮,基于GIS的陕南公路地质灾害数据库建立及危险性评价研究,长安大学硕士毕业论文,2006,3
[25]吴亚子,山区公路地质灾害危险性评佑方法研究,成都理工大学硕士论文,2005
[26]李安贵,模糊数学及其应用,北京:冶金工业出版社,2005
[27]陈情来,模糊综合评判地质灾害的危险性,油气储运,2000,19(5)
[28]张跃,邹寿平,宿芬,模糊数学方法及其应用,北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992
[29]王莲芳,等,层次分析法引论,北京:中国人民大学出版社,1990
[30]庄锁法,基于层次分析法的综合评价模型,合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,23(4)
[31]张永波,张礼中,周小元,梁国玲,地质灾害信息系统的设计与开发,地质出版社,2001
[32]石昊楠,基于GIS的黄土地区公路高边坡防护决策支持系统,长安大学硕士论文,2005
[33](美)Michael Zeiler,为我们的世界建模,人民邮电出版社,2004
[34]向喜琼等,地质灾害危险性评价系统的实现,地理学与国土研究,2002年8月,18(3)
[35]韩鹏,地理信息系统开发--ArcObjects方法,武汉大学出版社,2005
[36]国家地震局地质研究所,宁夏回族自治区地震局,海原活动断裂带,北京:地震出版社1990.4
[37]陆彦俊,杨国安等,中国地质环境监测院,宁夏回族自治区海原县地质灾害调查与区划报告,2002
[2]Duan Yonghou,Introduction of environment geological map series of China National Hazards Maping Proceedings of the International Forum Geological Survey of Japan,Geological Survey of Japan Report,1995,28(1):1-5
[3]李起彤,活断层及其工程评价,地震出版社,1991
[4]公路工程活断层与地裂缝灾害的精细探测、危害评价及防治技术研究--可行性研究报告,长安大学,2004
[5]黄兆荣,基于GIS的地质灾害风险评价研究,福州大学硕士论文,2005
[6]朱金芳,徐锡伟,黄宗林,等,福州市活断层探测与地震危险性评价,科学出版社,2005
[7]殷跃平,李媛,区域地质灾害趋势预测理论与方法,工程地质学报,1996,475-79.
[8]沈芳,山区地质环境评价与地质灾害危险性区划的GIS系统,成都理工大学博士毕业论文,2000.6
[9]胡亚东,黄河积石峡水电站库岸地质灾害研究,成都理工大学硕士毕业论文,2004.6
[10]沈芳等,地理信息系统与地质环境评价,地质灾害与环境保护,2000,8:338-342
[11]Brand E W,Landslide risk assessment in Hong Kong,Landslide,1988.1059-1074
[12]Azm S.Al-homoud,Gutaiba A.Al-masri.An expert system for analysis and design of cut slopes and embankments.Environmental & Engineering Geoscience,1999,5(2):157-172
[13]Brabb E E,Panpeyan E.H,Bonilla M G.Map of Landslide Susceptibility in San Mateo Country,California,US Geological Survey,1972.156-157
[14]Arnould M.Geological Hazards-insurance and legal and technical aspects.Bulletin of International Association of Engineering Geology,1976,14:263-274
[15]Busoni E PS,Scnchis C,Calzolari A,Romagnoli.Mass Movement and Erosion Hazard Patterns by Multivariate Analysis of Landscape Integrate data:the Upper Orcia River Valley (Siena Italy) Case.Catena,1995.478-492
[16]Bell F G.Geological Hazards,Their Assessment,Avoidance and Mitigation.London:E&FN Spoon,1999.648.
[17]Besson L,Tacher Y.The Regulation of Map-making of Natural Hazards in Isere,France.Landslides,Ch.Bonaard(ed):1988.1497-1498
[18]张粱,张业成等,地质灾害评估理论与实践,北京:地质出版社1998
[19]刘传正,地质灾害勘察指南,北京:地质出版社,2000.8
[20]刘传正,杨冰,三峡库区地质灾害调查评价与监测预警新思维,工程地质学报,2001,9(2):121-126
[21]马寅生,张业成等,地质灾害风险评价的理论与方法,地质力学学报,2004,11(1):7-18
[22]程志刚,基于GIS的凤台县地质灾害评价与预测,安徽理工大学硕士论文,2006
[23]国土资源部文件,国土资发[2004]69号附件,建设用地地质灾害危险性评估技术要求(试行),2004
[24]杨天亮,基于GIS的陕南公路地质灾害数据库建立及危险性评价研究,长安大学硕士毕业论文,2006,3
[25]吴亚子,山区公路地质灾害危险性评佑方法研究,成都理工大学硕士论文,2005
[26]李安贵,模糊数学及其应用,北京:冶金工业出版社,2005
[27]陈情来,模糊综合评判地质灾害的危险性,油气储运,2000,19(5)
[28]张跃,邹寿平,宿芬,模糊数学方法及其应用,北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992
[29]王莲芳,等,层次分析法引论,北京:中国人民大学出版社,1990
[30]庄锁法,基于层次分析法的综合评价模型,合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,23(4)
[31]张永波,张礼中,周小元,梁国玲,地质灾害信息系统的设计与开发,地质出版社,2001
[32]石昊楠,基于GIS的黄土地区公路高边坡防护决策支持系统,长安大学硕士论文,2005
[33](美)Michael Zeiler,为我们的世界建模,人民邮电出版社,2004
[34]向喜琼等,地质灾害危险性评价系统的实现,地理学与国土研究,2002年8月,18(3)
[35]韩鹏,地理信息系统开发--ArcObjects方法,武汉大学出版社,2005
[36]国家地震局地质研究所,宁夏回族自治区地震局,海原活动断裂带,北京:地震出版社1990.4
[37]陆彦俊,杨国安等,中国地质环境监测院,宁夏回族自治区海原县地质灾害调查与区划报告,2002