饭店企业成功实施餐饮外包的条件研究
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摘要
中国饭店业自1998年开始出现全行业亏损之后，整个行业进入了微利时代。在同趋严峻的市场与行业环境下，饭店企业努力寻求着竞争与突破的空间。核心竞争能力等现代企业理论的发展，为饭店业的竞争提供了一条思路；同时社会分工高度细分以及社会服务实体的高度发达，为饭店将餐饮等经营项目外包给社会服务企业创造了良好的条件。
本文以饭店企业成功实施餐饮项目外包的条件为研究对象，在对相关研究文献进行梳理和分析的基础上，提出了饭店成功实施餐饮项目外包条件的基本假设。通过深入访谈和典型案例研究，设计了研究的基本问题和思路。在使用问卷研究方法验证研究假设并且对研究结果进行统计分析的基础上，本研究得到了具有重要理论和实践意义的结论：社会餐饮业的发展及其它外部条件、餐饮外包商的评估和选择、饭店对外包关系的管理及饭店对外包商的控制能力、外包合同、饭店内部相关条件、相关群体对饭店餐饮外包的认同等六个因素构成了饭店成功实施餐饮项目外包的基本条件。
The hotel industry in China has entered into a period of intense competition since 1998. Faced with severe market and business conditions, Chinese hoteliers are searching for ways of a breakthrough. How to build up core competence and competitive advantage has become a critical issue. The further division of social activities and the rapid development of the service industry have created favorable conditions for hotels to outsource some of its businesses such as food and beverage operation to social service suppliers.
This article focuses on the key factors for a hotel to successfully outsource its food and beverage operation. Based on a comprehensive literature review on outsourcing and findings of intensive interviews and hotel case study, the article brings forth a theoretical frame of F&B outsourcing implementation, which is then verified by statistical tools of factor analysis and regression analysis using data collected from interviews with hotel managers and industry survey. The results from the questionnaires reveal six key factors that constitute the determinative terms. Based on the preceding research results, the author concludes that the exterior social condition, the evaluation and selection of appropriate restaurant contractor, dominate status of the hotel, a comprehensive and meticulous contract, the interior condition of the hotel, and recognition by related business partners are six basic factors for successful outsourcing of hotel F&B operation.
本文以饭店企业成功实施餐饮项目外包的条件为研究对象，在对相关研究文献进行梳理和分析的基础上，提出了饭店成功实施餐饮项目外包条件的基本假设。通过深入访谈和典型案例研究，设计了研究的基本问题和思路。在使用问卷研究方法验证研究假设并且对研究结果进行统计分析的基础上，本研究得到了具有重要理论和实践意义的结论：社会餐饮业的发展及其它外部条件、餐饮外包商的评估和选择、饭店对外包关系的管理及饭店对外包商的控制能力、外包合同、饭店内部相关条件、相关群体对饭店餐饮外包的认同等六个因素构成了饭店成功实施餐饮项目外包的基本条件。
The hotel industry in China has entered into a period of intense competition since 1998. Faced with severe market and business conditions, Chinese hoteliers are searching for ways of a breakthrough. How to build up core competence and competitive advantage has become a critical issue. The further division of social activities and the rapid development of the service industry have created favorable conditions for hotels to outsource some of its businesses such as food and beverage operation to social service suppliers.
This article focuses on the key factors for a hotel to successfully outsource its food and beverage operation. Based on a comprehensive literature review on outsourcing and findings of intensive interviews and hotel case study, the article brings forth a theoretical frame of F&B outsourcing implementation, which is then verified by statistical tools of factor analysis and regression analysis using data collected from interviews with hotel managers and industry survey. The results from the questionnaires reveal six key factors that constitute the determinative terms. Based on the preceding research results, the author concludes that the exterior social condition, the evaluation and selection of appropriate restaurant contractor, dominate status of the hotel, a comprehensive and meticulous contract, the interior condition of the hotel, and recognition by related business partners are six basic factors for successful outsourcing of hotel F&B operation.
引文
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[37]郑克俊(2002)，供应链管理环境下的企业业务外包及优劣研究，软科学，2002年第16卷，第2期
[38]周叔莲、王伟光(2002)，中国企业如何提高核心竞争能力，http://www.21 textile.com/manage/mana_detaii.asp?newsid=6111&typeid=18
[39]周建(2002)，战略联盟与企业竞争力，第一版，复旦大学出版社，2002年9月
[40]邹统钎等(2002)，饭店战略管理：理论前沿与中国的实践，第一版，广东旅游出版社，2002年3月
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[2] 陈晓剑、周良冬(1999)，“外包”的意义及实现形式，中国软科学，1999年5月
[3] 陈雪琼(2002)，虚拟经营方式在酒店中的运用，北京第二外国语学院学报，2002年第1期
[4] 杜勇(2002)，合理利用外包服务提升企业核心竞争力，中国科技论坛，2002年5月
[5] 冯巧根(2002)，论业务外包中的风险防范，中国流通经济，2002年第6期
[6] 谷慧敏(2002)，核心能力理论及其在饭店业中的应用，北京第二外国语学院学报，2002年第1期
[7] 黄文胜、徐建新(2001)，实施业务外包的意义与策略，商业研究，2001年12月
[8] Jack．D．Ninemeier(2002)，餐饮经营管理，第三版[M]，中国旅游出版社，2002年
[9] (英)李嘉图(1817)，郭大力、王亚南译，政治经济学及其赋税原理，商务印书馆，1962年9月
[10] 李华焰、马士华(2001)，供应链企业外包战略选择模型研究，决策借鉴，2001年8月
[11] 李怀祖(2000)，管理研究方法论，西安交通大学出版社，2000年5月
[12] 李小卯、司春林(2000)，资源外包与R&D管理，研究与发展管理，2000年6月
[13] 李晓西 (2002)，中国酒店业快速发展的八大理由，http ://www 1 .cei.gov.cn/forum50/doc/50cyfx/200201080014.htm
[14] 吕巍、郑勇强(2001)，外包战略：企业获得竞争优势的新途径，经济理论与经济管理，2001年第8期
[15] 马建敏(2003)，旅游心理学，中国商业出版社，2003年
[16] 马庆国(2002)，管理统计：数据获取、统计原理、SPSS工具与应用研究，第一版，科学出版社，2002年8月
[17] (美)迈克尔·波特(Porter，M．E．)(1997)，陈小悦译，竞争优势，第一版，华夏出版社，1997年
[18] 彭璧玉(2001)，现代企业的业务外包管理，经济管理，2001年第18期
[19] 饶勇(2002)，是什么妨碍了我国饭店企业成长? ，
http://raoyong.tongtu.com/cgi-bin/index.dll?page5?webid=tongtu&userid=506800&columnno=4&articleid=13
[20](美)瑞克曼(Rackham，N)等(1998)，苏怡仲译，合作竞争大未来，第一版，经济管理出版社，1998年2月
[21]王重鸣(2003)，管理心理学，人民教育出版社，2003年
[22]王保伦(2001)，我国旅游酒店组织结构再造研究，旅游学刊，2001年第6期
[23]王泽光(2002)，中国旅游饭店的机遇与发展——论加入WTO后旅游饭店的走向，第一版，中国旅游出版社，2002年6月
[24]吴贵生、李纪珍、孙议政(2000)，技术创新网络和技术外包，科研管理，2000年7月
[25]伍华、吴晓波(2001)，技术外包的风险规避，科学学与科学技术管理，2001年6月
[26]吴明隆(2000)，SPSS统计应用实务，第一版，中国铁道出版社，2000年9月
[27](英)亚当·斯密(1776)，郭大力、王亚南译，国民财富的性质和原因研究，北京，商务印书馆，1974年6月
[28]徐操志、许庆瑞(2002)，企业的外包战略，经济论坛，2002年第18期
[29]杨成刚(2002)，外包：让财富连动，第一版，北京，经济日报出版社，2002年5月
[30]杨供法、魏拴成(2001)，企业“业务外包”的动因及策略，企业经济，2001年5月
[31]杨浩、戴月明(2000)，企业核心专长论——战略重塑的全新方法，上海，上海财经大学出版社，2000年9月
[32]杨凯云、尹柳营(2001)，从产业价值链分析中小企业与战略外包，深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)，2001年9月
[33]詹永祖、易雪峰(2002)，企业技术创新活动外包研究，中国软科学，2002年第3期
[34]张广瑞、魏小安、刘德谦(2002)，2000——2002年中国旅游发展：分析与预测，第一版，社会科学文献出版社，2002年3月
[35]张维迎(2002)，企业生存命系核心竞争力，http://www.istiq.com.cn/publication/qingdao_19.htm
[36]张余华、马士华(2002)，资源外包：企业赢得竞争的战略，价值工程，2002年第1期
[37]郑克俊(2002)，供应链管理环境下的企业业务外包及优劣研究，软科学，2002年第16卷，第2期
[38]周叔莲、王伟光(2002)，中国企业如何提高核心竞争能力，http://www.21 textile.com/manage/mana_detaii.asp?newsid=6111&typeid=18
[39]周建(2002)，战略联盟与企业竞争力，第一版，复旦大学出版社，2002年9月
[40]邹统钎等(2002)，饭店战略管理：理论前沿与中国的实践，第一版，广东旅游出版社，2002年3月
[41]7 steps to a successful outsourcing process, http://www.outsourcinginstitute.com/oi_index/seven_steps.html
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