双台子河口滨海湿地生态系统服务功能及其价值评估研究
|
摘要
湿地是由喜水生物和过湿环境构成的特殊自然综合体,位于生物圈、水圈、岩石圈和大气圈的交汇处,是各种能流和物流交换与作用的场所。它是地球上重要的生存环境和生态系统,具有稳定环境,物种基因保护和资源利用功能,与森林、海洋一起并称为全球三大生态系统类型,分别被誉为“地球之肾”、“生命摇篮”和“物种基因库”。
随着湿地研究的展开和深入,湿地生态系统的服务功能价值越来越受到人们的重视。本文以双台子河口滨海湿地为研究对象,在对国内外相关领域研究进展、评价方法以及研究区自然地理环境和社会经济条件进行综合概述的基础上,参考Costanza等人的研究成果将双台子河口滨海湿地生态系统服务功能分为九小功能类型、六大价值体系、两大分类系统。并依据2006年双台子河口生态监控区海洋经济专项调查报告及盘锦年鉴等,运用生态经济学理论和研究方法,对该区湿地生态系统服务功能进行分析并估算其价值。结果表明,该区生态系统服务功能总价值为243.14亿元/年,其中物质生产价值80.52亿元,大气调节价值22.87亿元,水调节价值18.12亿元,环境净化价值0.29亿元,生物多样性价值2.97亿元,护岸价值31.66亿元,成陆造地价值49.11亿元,教育与科研价值17.86亿元,旅游价值19.74亿元;从所属的三大类服务功能价值量来看,资源功能价值最大,占湿地功能总价值的53.32%,其次为环境功能价值,占31.22%,而人文功能价值仅占15.46%;从所属的三大效益类型来看,直接利用价值最大,占湿地总价值的61.43%,其次为间接利用价值,占31.22%,存在价值仅占7.35%。
通过对双台子河口滨海湿地生态系统服务功能的分析及其价值估算,以及当前存在问题的剖析,系统认识双台子河口滨海湿地生态系统为人类提供的巨大服务功能,对于调控该区社会经济发展,实现湿地资源可持续利用,以达到社会、经济和生态效益三者兼得具有重要意义。
In Shuangtaizi estuary, there are rich coastal wetland and inland wetland resources. These wetland resources have provide abundant ecological services function to human society. Human have been increasingly convinced of the importance of the marsh in maintaining ecological security and nation's economic development.
The wetlands is a special natural complex compound and is constituted by the hydrophilous biology and the excessively wet environment. It is located in the biosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere and the atmosphere intersection point and the exchange of each kind of energy flow and the physical distribution may happen there. It is the important survival environment and the ecosystem on the Earth, it has the stable environment, the species gene protection and the resources usage functions, with forests, oceans together referred to as the world's three major ecosystem types, they are called respectively "kidneys of the earth","the crade of life" and "species gene bank".
With the start and in-depth of wetlands study, wetland ecosystem in the value of the service function is receiving increasing attention. This paper , regards Shuangtaizi estuary coastal wetland as the object of study, based on the comprehensive summary of the research progress , the methods of evaluation and the geographical environment and socio-economic conditions of the study area in related fields both at home and abroad, refers to the research results of Costanza et al, divides the ecosystem services function of the study area into nine types of small functions, six value systems and two classification systems . According as special report of marine economy investigation of ecology monitoring area ,in Shuangtaizi estuary ,2006 and Panjin annual ,etc, using ecological economics theory and investigative means ,the paper analyses ecosystem services function and estimates service value.
The results showed that the total value of the Shuangtaizi estuary wetland service is about 24.31 billion Yuan RMB per year, among which the material production service value is 8.05 billion Yuan RMB per year, gas regulation value is 2.29 billion Yuan RMB per year, water regulation value is 1.81 billion Yuan RMB, waste treatment value is 0.03 billion Yuan RMB, habitat value is 0.30 billion Yuan RMB, wave reduction value is 3.17 billion Yuan RMB, land make value is 4.91 billion Yuan RMB, cultural value is 1.79 billion Yuan RMB, tourism value is 1.97 billion Yuan RMB. After these services are classified into three service function value, the resource function of the marsh has the greatest value,12.96 billion Yuan RMB, accounting for 53.32 percent of the total; secondly, environment function value is 7.59 billion Yuan RMB, accounting for 31.22 percent of total; however, humanities value is 3.76 billion Yuan RMB, only accounting for 15.46 percent of total. After these services are classified into three effectiveness categories, the direct use value of the marsh is greatest, accounting for 61.43 percent of total; secondly, the indirect use value is 7.59 billion Yuan RMB, accounting for 31.22 percent of total; however, existing value is 1.79 billion Yuan RMB, only accounting for 7.35 percent of total.
By analysing coastal wetland ecosystem service function and existing problems presently in Shuangtaizi estuary, and estimating its value, we understand systematically these ecosystem services function of the study area; it will have much significance about controlling the socio-economic development of the study area, carrying out the sustainability of the wetland resources,and in order to achieve social ,economic and ecological benefits.
随着湿地研究的展开和深入,湿地生态系统的服务功能价值越来越受到人们的重视。本文以双台子河口滨海湿地为研究对象,在对国内外相关领域研究进展、评价方法以及研究区自然地理环境和社会经济条件进行综合概述的基础上,参考Costanza等人的研究成果将双台子河口滨海湿地生态系统服务功能分为九小功能类型、六大价值体系、两大分类系统。并依据2006年双台子河口生态监控区海洋经济专项调查报告及盘锦年鉴等,运用生态经济学理论和研究方法,对该区湿地生态系统服务功能进行分析并估算其价值。结果表明,该区生态系统服务功能总价值为243.14亿元/年,其中物质生产价值80.52亿元,大气调节价值22.87亿元,水调节价值18.12亿元,环境净化价值0.29亿元,生物多样性价值2.97亿元,护岸价值31.66亿元,成陆造地价值49.11亿元,教育与科研价值17.86亿元,旅游价值19.74亿元;从所属的三大类服务功能价值量来看,资源功能价值最大,占湿地功能总价值的53.32%,其次为环境功能价值,占31.22%,而人文功能价值仅占15.46%;从所属的三大效益类型来看,直接利用价值最大,占湿地总价值的61.43%,其次为间接利用价值,占31.22%,存在价值仅占7.35%。
通过对双台子河口滨海湿地生态系统服务功能的分析及其价值估算,以及当前存在问题的剖析,系统认识双台子河口滨海湿地生态系统为人类提供的巨大服务功能,对于调控该区社会经济发展,实现湿地资源可持续利用,以达到社会、经济和生态效益三者兼得具有重要意义。
In Shuangtaizi estuary, there are rich coastal wetland and inland wetland resources. These wetland resources have provide abundant ecological services function to human society. Human have been increasingly convinced of the importance of the marsh in maintaining ecological security and nation's economic development.
The wetlands is a special natural complex compound and is constituted by the hydrophilous biology and the excessively wet environment. It is located in the biosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere and the atmosphere intersection point and the exchange of each kind of energy flow and the physical distribution may happen there. It is the important survival environment and the ecosystem on the Earth, it has the stable environment, the species gene protection and the resources usage functions, with forests, oceans together referred to as the world's three major ecosystem types, they are called respectively "kidneys of the earth","the crade of life" and "species gene bank".
With the start and in-depth of wetlands study, wetland ecosystem in the value of the service function is receiving increasing attention. This paper , regards Shuangtaizi estuary coastal wetland as the object of study, based on the comprehensive summary of the research progress , the methods of evaluation and the geographical environment and socio-economic conditions of the study area in related fields both at home and abroad, refers to the research results of Costanza et al, divides the ecosystem services function of the study area into nine types of small functions, six value systems and two classification systems . According as special report of marine economy investigation of ecology monitoring area ,in Shuangtaizi estuary ,2006 and Panjin annual ,etc, using ecological economics theory and investigative means ,the paper analyses ecosystem services function and estimates service value.
The results showed that the total value of the Shuangtaizi estuary wetland service is about 24.31 billion Yuan RMB per year, among which the material production service value is 8.05 billion Yuan RMB per year, gas regulation value is 2.29 billion Yuan RMB per year, water regulation value is 1.81 billion Yuan RMB, waste treatment value is 0.03 billion Yuan RMB, habitat value is 0.30 billion Yuan RMB, wave reduction value is 3.17 billion Yuan RMB, land make value is 4.91 billion Yuan RMB, cultural value is 1.79 billion Yuan RMB, tourism value is 1.97 billion Yuan RMB. After these services are classified into three service function value, the resource function of the marsh has the greatest value,12.96 billion Yuan RMB, accounting for 53.32 percent of the total; secondly, environment function value is 7.59 billion Yuan RMB, accounting for 31.22 percent of total; however, humanities value is 3.76 billion Yuan RMB, only accounting for 15.46 percent of total. After these services are classified into three effectiveness categories, the direct use value of the marsh is greatest, accounting for 61.43 percent of total; secondly, the indirect use value is 7.59 billion Yuan RMB, accounting for 31.22 percent of total; however, existing value is 1.79 billion Yuan RMB, only accounting for 7.35 percent of total.
By analysing coastal wetland ecosystem service function and existing problems presently in Shuangtaizi estuary, and estimating its value, we understand systematically these ecosystem services function of the study area; it will have much significance about controlling the socio-economic development of the study area, carrying out the sustainability of the wetland resources,and in order to achieve social ,economic and ecological benefits.
引文
[1]吕宪国.湿地生态系统保护与管理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004(前言).
[2]张华,苗苗,孙才志,等.辽宁省滨海湿地资源类型及静观格局分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(3):139～146.
[3]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(5):607～613.
[4]中国21世纪议程管理中心,可持续发展战略研究组.生态补偿:国际经验与中国实践[M].社会科学文献出版社,2007.18～39.
[5]Lar son Joseph S.Rapid assessment of wetlands:history and application to management In Mitsch(ed).Global wetlands:Old world and new.Elsevier,1994:623～636.
[6]Brinson MM.Depvel ping and approach for assessing the functions of wetlands.In Mit sch(ee).Global wetlands:Old world and new.Wlsevier,1994:615～624.
[7]http://www.eedu.org.cn/Article/eehotspot/everglade/200512/6883.html
[8]Kent DM,Schwegler BR,Langs M.A.Virual.Reference wetlands forssessing wildlife[J].Fla.Sci.,1999:62～67.
[9]Young DA.Wet land arenot wastelands:In:Mitsch(ed).Global wetlands:Old world and new.El sevier,1994:683～689.
[10]Malt by E,Hogan,DV,Mclnnes RJ.Functional analysis of European wetland ecosystems,Phase 1.Ecosystems Research Report No.18,Final Report EC DG XII CT 90-0084[R].Office for Official publications of the ecuropean Communitieys,luxembourg,Brussels,1996.
[11]JA迪克松.保护区经济学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996:56～102.
[12]俞小明,石纯,陈春来,等.河口滨海湿地评价指标体系研究[J].国土与自然资源研究,2006,(2):42～44.
[13]王健华,吕宪国.城市湿地概念和功能及中国城市湿地保护[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(4):555～560.
[14]Andree Breaux,St eve Cochrane Elsevier,wetland ecological and compliance assessments in the San Francisco Bay Region,California,USA,2005.217～237.
[15]刘立,王旭辉,赵旭阳,等.湿地生态服务功能价值评价研究进展[J].石家庄学院学报,2007,9(3):94～97.
[16]吴玲玲,陆健健,童春富,等.长江口湿地生态系统服务功能价值的评估[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(5):411～416.
[17]辛琨,宵笃宁.盘锦地区湿地生态系统服务功能价值估算[J].生态学报,2002,22(8):1345～1349.
[18]刘红玉,吕宪国,刘振乾.环渤海三角洲湿地资源研究[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(2):101～106.
[19]蒋卫国,李京,李加洪,等.辽河二角洲湿地生态系统健康评价[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):408～414.
[20]汤蕾,许东,母学征.辽河三角洲生态系统服务价值变化[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(5):108～110.
[21]王铁良,马秀梅,邹建飞.辽河三角洲湿地价值的初步评价[J].生态学报:37～39.
[22]陆健健.河口生态学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.186～187.
[23]周广胜,周莉,关恩凯,等.辽河三角洲湿地与全球变化[J].气象与环境学报,2006,22(8):7～12.
[24]张华,武晶,孙才志,等.辽宁省湿地生态系统服务功能价值测评[J].资源科学,2008,2(2):267～273.
[25]张婷婷.双台子河口湿地生态系统现状遥感调查分析.2007.43～66.
[26]国家林业局《湿地公约》履约办公室.湿地公约履约指南[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2001.
[27]陆健建.中国滨海湿地的分类[J].环境导报,1996,(1):1～2.
[28]崔丽娟,王义飞.中国的国际重要湿地[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008.58～59.
[29]盘锦市海洋环境监测预报中心站.2006年双台子河口生态监控区海洋经济专项调查报告.2006:1～83.
[30]肖笃宁.辽河三角洲的自然资源与区域开发[J].自然资源学报,1994,9(1):43～50.
[31]陆健健.河口生态学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.186～187.
[32]张华,付玉兰,丁其.湿地净化功能及其机制的研究进展[J].山西建筑,2007,33(14):347～348.
[33]陆健健.我国滨海湿地的功能[J].环境导报,1996,(1):41～42.
[34]盘锦市海洋局.盘锦市海洋功能区划报告—上报.1998.3～86.
[35]葛继稳.湿地资源与管理实证研究——以“千湖之省”湖北省为例[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.27～28.
[36]盘锦市统计局.2006.
[37]萧旗焕宇.拯救盘锦“红海滩”[J].绿色家园,2002,(5):25～26.
[38]黄国宏,李玉祥,陈冠雄,等.环境因素对芦苇湿地CH_4排放的影响[J].环境科学,2001,22(1):1～5.
[39]盘锦市统计局编.中国盘锦年鉴2006[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2006.
[40]吴平,付强.扎龙湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].农业现代化研究,2008,29(3):335～337.
[41]Ledoux L,Turner R K.Valuing ocean and coastal resources:A review of practical examples and issues for further action[J].Ocean & Coastal Management 2002,45:583～616.
[42]张素珍,王金斗,李贵宝.安新县白洋淀湿地生态系统服务功能评价[J].中国水土保持SWCC,2006(7):12～15.
[2]张华,苗苗,孙才志,等.辽宁省滨海湿地资源类型及静观格局分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(3):139～146.
[3]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(5):607～613.
[4]中国21世纪议程管理中心,可持续发展战略研究组.生态补偿:国际经验与中国实践[M].社会科学文献出版社,2007.18～39.
[5]Lar son Joseph S.Rapid assessment of wetlands:history and application to management In Mitsch(ed).Global wetlands:Old world and new.Elsevier,1994:623～636.
[6]Brinson MM.Depvel ping and approach for assessing the functions of wetlands.In Mit sch(ee).Global wetlands:Old world and new.Wlsevier,1994:615～624.
[7]http://www.eedu.org.cn/Article/eehotspot/everglade/200512/6883.html
[8]Kent DM,Schwegler BR,Langs M.A.Virual.Reference wetlands forssessing wildlife[J].Fla.Sci.,1999:62～67.
[9]Young DA.Wet land arenot wastelands:In:Mitsch(ed).Global wetlands:Old world and new.El sevier,1994:683～689.
[10]Malt by E,Hogan,DV,Mclnnes RJ.Functional analysis of European wetland ecosystems,Phase 1.Ecosystems Research Report No.18,Final Report EC DG XII CT 90-0084[R].Office for Official publications of the ecuropean Communitieys,luxembourg,Brussels,1996.
[11]JA迪克松.保护区经济学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996:56～102.
[12]俞小明,石纯,陈春来,等.河口滨海湿地评价指标体系研究[J].国土与自然资源研究,2006,(2):42～44.
[13]王健华,吕宪国.城市湿地概念和功能及中国城市湿地保护[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(4):555～560.
[14]Andree Breaux,St eve Cochrane Elsevier,wetland ecological and compliance assessments in the San Francisco Bay Region,California,USA,2005.217～237.
[15]刘立,王旭辉,赵旭阳,等.湿地生态服务功能价值评价研究进展[J].石家庄学院学报,2007,9(3):94～97.
[16]吴玲玲,陆健健,童春富,等.长江口湿地生态系统服务功能价值的评估[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(5):411～416.
[17]辛琨,宵笃宁.盘锦地区湿地生态系统服务功能价值估算[J].生态学报,2002,22(8):1345～1349.
[18]刘红玉,吕宪国,刘振乾.环渤海三角洲湿地资源研究[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(2):101～106.
[19]蒋卫国,李京,李加洪,等.辽河二角洲湿地生态系统健康评价[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):408～414.
[20]汤蕾,许东,母学征.辽河三角洲生态系统服务价值变化[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(5):108～110.
[21]王铁良,马秀梅,邹建飞.辽河三角洲湿地价值的初步评价[J].生态学报:37～39.
[22]陆健健.河口生态学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.186～187.
[23]周广胜,周莉,关恩凯,等.辽河三角洲湿地与全球变化[J].气象与环境学报,2006,22(8):7～12.
[24]张华,武晶,孙才志,等.辽宁省湿地生态系统服务功能价值测评[J].资源科学,2008,2(2):267～273.
[25]张婷婷.双台子河口湿地生态系统现状遥感调查分析.2007.43～66.
[26]国家林业局《湿地公约》履约办公室.湿地公约履约指南[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2001.
[27]陆健建.中国滨海湿地的分类[J].环境导报,1996,(1):1～2.
[28]崔丽娟,王义飞.中国的国际重要湿地[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008.58～59.
[29]盘锦市海洋环境监测预报中心站.2006年双台子河口生态监控区海洋经济专项调查报告.2006:1～83.
[30]肖笃宁.辽河三角洲的自然资源与区域开发[J].自然资源学报,1994,9(1):43～50.
[31]陆健健.河口生态学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.186～187.
[32]张华,付玉兰,丁其.湿地净化功能及其机制的研究进展[J].山西建筑,2007,33(14):347～348.
[33]陆健健.我国滨海湿地的功能[J].环境导报,1996,(1):41～42.
[34]盘锦市海洋局.盘锦市海洋功能区划报告—上报.1998.3～86.
[35]葛继稳.湿地资源与管理实证研究——以“千湖之省”湖北省为例[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.27～28.
[36]盘锦市统计局.2006.
[37]萧旗焕宇.拯救盘锦“红海滩”[J].绿色家园,2002,(5):25～26.
[38]黄国宏,李玉祥,陈冠雄,等.环境因素对芦苇湿地CH_4排放的影响[J].环境科学,2001,22(1):1～5.
[39]盘锦市统计局编.中国盘锦年鉴2006[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2006.
[40]吴平,付强.扎龙湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].农业现代化研究,2008,29(3):335～337.
[41]Ledoux L,Turner R K.Valuing ocean and coastal resources:A review of practical examples and issues for further action[J].Ocean & Coastal Management 2002,45:583～616.
[42]张素珍,王金斗,李贵宝.安新县白洋淀湿地生态系统服务功能评价[J].中国水土保持SWCC,2006(7):12～15.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |