散堆硫化矿石典型导热特性研究
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摘要
硫化矿石氧化自热引起的内因火灾一直是伴随硫化矿山开采的重大威胁之一,对硫化矿石热传导及其特性的研究是了解自燃火灾产生和发展过程的重要手段,也是对自燃火灾预测预报工作的基础性研究。
硫化矿石堆可看作是一种散体多孔介质。本文对多孔介质的基于传统几何、分形理论以及逾渗理论的多种有效导热系数模型进行了概述,对其特点及适用性进行介绍,并选取其中的并联模型、串联模型、几何平均模型及张杨逾渗模型对硫化矿石的有效导热系数进行了计算。
试验是获得各种物质导热系数值的最主要和最准确的来源,本文采用经典热线法对不同温度下不同粒径的散堆硫化矿石导热系数进行了测量。试验结果表明矿石的有效导热系数在0.3～0.6W/m·℃之间,并随温度上升而缓慢增大,基本上与温度呈直线关系;而导热系数与粒径的关系则是呈现出开口向上的抛物线规律。文中还进行了误差分析,结果表明试验总误差都在4%以内,满足工程的要求,同时针对误差的来源,提出了消除或减小误差的措施和方法。
在获得了导热系数的基础上,本文建立了硫化矿石堆导热模型,并对其导热微分方程进行了数值计算和模拟。计算结果清楚的表明在约第12天时矿堆温度开始加速升高,每天的增温量逐渐上升超过40℃,矿堆在此段时间内处于高速氧化阶段;在约第20天的时候,温度上升到300℃左右,矿堆基本上已经燃烧起来了。另外模拟结果还显示导热系数值对矿堆进入加速氧化阶段的时间起决定性的作用。所得结论对硫化矿石堆自燃火灾的预测预报及防治措施的选择和制定能起到重要的指导作用。
The Internal fire caused by oxidation and self-heating of Sulfide ore is always one of the major threats accompanied by sulfide mining. It's an important means to understand the emergence and development of spontaneous combustion by researching on heat conduction and its properties of sulfide ore, and also the basic research to the forecast of spontaneous combustion.
Sulfide ore heap can be seen as a loose porous media. In this paper, a variety of effective thermal conductivity models of porous mediums, which were based on traditional geometry, fractal theory and percolation and theory, were summed and introduced from their characters and applicability. Some of models that parallel model, series model, average geometry model and fractal model of Zhang-Yang were selected out to calculate the effective thermal conductivities of sulfide ore.
Tests are the most important and most accurate sources of material's thermal conductivities. In this paper, the thermal conductivities of sulfide ore with different sizes were measured in different temperature by classical hotline method. Test results showed that the effective thermal conductivities of ore were between 0.3～0.6 W/m·℃, and slowly increasing with the temperature rising, basically a linear relationship. But the relationship between thermal conductivities and sizes were presenting a rule like parabola opening upwards. Then the error analyses were carried out, and the results showed that the total errors were less than 4 percent, meeting the requirements of engineering. At the same time, measures and methods were proposed to eliminate or reduce the error in cording to the source of it.
On the basis of accessing to thermal conductivities, sulfide ores reactor model was established, and a numerical simulation was carried out to its differential equations of heat conduction. The results clearly showed that ore fill temperament started to increase accelerated gradually over 40℃from about the 12th days, when the ore fill was on high-speed oxidizing. On about the 20th days, the temperature go up to about 300℃, the ore fill was fired on the whole. The results also proved that thermal conductivities were decisive on the time of going into high-speed oxidizing period. The conclusions can play an important guiding role in selecting prediction and prevention measures to spontaneous combustion of sulfide ore.
硫化矿石堆可看作是一种散体多孔介质。本文对多孔介质的基于传统几何、分形理论以及逾渗理论的多种有效导热系数模型进行了概述,对其特点及适用性进行介绍,并选取其中的并联模型、串联模型、几何平均模型及张杨逾渗模型对硫化矿石的有效导热系数进行了计算。
试验是获得各种物质导热系数值的最主要和最准确的来源,本文采用经典热线法对不同温度下不同粒径的散堆硫化矿石导热系数进行了测量。试验结果表明矿石的有效导热系数在0.3～0.6W/m·℃之间,并随温度上升而缓慢增大,基本上与温度呈直线关系;而导热系数与粒径的关系则是呈现出开口向上的抛物线规律。文中还进行了误差分析,结果表明试验总误差都在4%以内,满足工程的要求,同时针对误差的来源,提出了消除或减小误差的措施和方法。
在获得了导热系数的基础上,本文建立了硫化矿石堆导热模型,并对其导热微分方程进行了数值计算和模拟。计算结果清楚的表明在约第12天时矿堆温度开始加速升高,每天的增温量逐渐上升超过40℃,矿堆在此段时间内处于高速氧化阶段;在约第20天的时候,温度上升到300℃左右,矿堆基本上已经燃烧起来了。另外模拟结果还显示导热系数值对矿堆进入加速氧化阶段的时间起决定性的作用。所得结论对硫化矿石堆自燃火灾的预测预报及防治措施的选择和制定能起到重要的指导作用。
The Internal fire caused by oxidation and self-heating of Sulfide ore is always one of the major threats accompanied by sulfide mining. It's an important means to understand the emergence and development of spontaneous combustion by researching on heat conduction and its properties of sulfide ore, and also the basic research to the forecast of spontaneous combustion.
Sulfide ore heap can be seen as a loose porous media. In this paper, a variety of effective thermal conductivity models of porous mediums, which were based on traditional geometry, fractal theory and percolation and theory, were summed and introduced from their characters and applicability. Some of models that parallel model, series model, average geometry model and fractal model of Zhang-Yang were selected out to calculate the effective thermal conductivities of sulfide ore.
Tests are the most important and most accurate sources of material's thermal conductivities. In this paper, the thermal conductivities of sulfide ore with different sizes were measured in different temperature by classical hotline method. Test results showed that the effective thermal conductivities of ore were between 0.3～0.6 W/m·℃, and slowly increasing with the temperature rising, basically a linear relationship. But the relationship between thermal conductivities and sizes were presenting a rule like parabola opening upwards. Then the error analyses were carried out, and the results showed that the total errors were less than 4 percent, meeting the requirements of engineering. At the same time, measures and methods were proposed to eliminate or reduce the error in cording to the source of it.
On the basis of accessing to thermal conductivities, sulfide ores reactor model was established, and a numerical simulation was carried out to its differential equations of heat conduction. The results clearly showed that ore fill temperament started to increase accelerated gradually over 40℃from about the 12th days, when the ore fill was on high-speed oxidizing. On about the 20th days, the temperature go up to about 300℃, the ore fill was fired on the whole. The results also proved that thermal conductivities were decisive on the time of going into high-speed oxidizing period. The conclusions can play an important guiding role in selecting prediction and prevention measures to spontaneous combustion of sulfide ore.
引文
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