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复杂长距离引水隧洞群施工全过程仿真优化与进度控制关键技术研究
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摘要
长距离引水隧洞群通常都要穿越大的山体或者山脉群,洞线长,开挖洞径大,埋深大,单工作面施工长度长。由于受到地形条件的限制,沿线一般要穿越不同地层岩性、断裂构造较为发育、岩体完整性不一、不同类型的地质单元,存在高地应力和岩爆、地下涌水等主要工程地质问题。因此,长距离引水隧洞群施工过程是一个复杂的系统工程,施工组织设计和施工进度实时控制非常困难,风险性很高。本文基于系统仿真技术、实时控制技术和风险预测技术,开展长距离引水隧洞群施工全过程仿真优化与进度控制关键技术研究,主要研究成果如下:
     (1)研究了长距离引水隧洞群施工全过程仿真的理论方法,建立了长距离引水隧洞群施工全过程仿真模型。
     针对长距离引水隧洞群施工系统的特征和影响因素,分析了施工系统的特点和机理,阐述了系统仿真的概念和仿真的流程,开展了长距离引水隧洞群施工全过程仿真理论与方法的研究,建立了长距离引水隧洞群施工全过程仿真模型。
     该模型丰富和发展了施工仿真理论,为长距离引水隧洞群施工仿真与实时控制提供理论基础,使仿真成果更接近于现场实际,更好的指导现场施工提供保证。
     (2)建立了基于实时仿真的长距离引水隧洞群施工进度多方案评价体系,实现了基于AHP的长距离引水隧洞群施工多方案评价与优选。
     针对长距离引水隧洞群施工管理中的核心部分——施工进度多方案评价与优选,提出了基于实时仿真的长距离引水隧洞群施工进度多方案评价体系。通过建立适合于长距离引水隧洞群不同施工工艺的仿真模型,对不同施工方案进行进度仿真分析,实现了基于AHP的长距离引水隧洞群施工多方案评价与优选。
     该体系实现了不同施工方案下施工进度的比较,通过AHP方法对三个方案进行多方案综合评价,根据综合评价结果选择最优的施工方案,为管理者的科学决策提供技术支持。
     (3)研究了不良地质条件下长距离引水隧洞群施工不确定性问题,提出了基于Markov链的岩性预测模型,完成了基于仿真的长距离引水隧洞群工期风险分析。
     针对长距离引水隧洞群通常遇到的不良地质情况,结合隧洞开挖施工的特点,对不同不良地质情况的应对措施做了具体的分析。提出了基于Markov过程的地质风险预测理论与方法,提出了隧洞围岩类别概率分布的计算方法,并在此基础上建立了考虑岩性不确定性和工序施工历时随机性的隧洞开挖施工仿真模型,并结合蒙特卡罗法对工期风险和完工概率进行了统计分析。
     该方法解决了传统地质预测方法难以对地质信息进行量化的弊端,为地质风险预测开辟了新的途径,为施工项目管理和实时控制提供了理论依据和技术支持。
     (4)提出了长距离引水隧洞群施工进度控制与调整的方法,建立了施工进度预警模型和施工进度调整体系。
     针对长距离引水隧洞群施工管理中的重要组成部分——施工进度实时控制,根据施工进度控制理论,研究了长距离引水隧洞群施工进度控制流程,建立了施工进度预警模型,提出了针对不同类型进度偏差进行控制与调整的方法,形成了施工进度调整模式。
     该体系可以全面、及时地掌握实际施工进度状态,快速、准确地制定应对进度偏差的措施,为工程管理人员进行进度计划调整提供科学的决策手段。
     (5)研制开发了长距离引水隧洞群施工全过程仿真与控制系统,并成功应用于某水电站长距离引水隧洞群施工过程中。
     针对某水电站长距离引水隧洞群工程实际情况,研制开发了长距离引水隧洞群施工全过程仿真与控制系统,该系统能够较好地适应工程实际应用的要求,实现了长距离引水隧洞群施工全过程仿真与进度的实时控制,为长距离引水隧洞群施工进度提供了全面的决策平台。
     该研究成果分析了由于长距离引水隧洞群施工过程的随机性、复杂性和不确定性引起的工程项目管理的技术问题,可以有效地协助工程项目管理人员对长距离引水隧洞群施工进行控制与管理,具有显著的实际意义。
The long-distance diversion tunnel groups are always covered by the hugemountain body or mountain groups, it is characterized by the long tunnel line, bigtunnel diameter, deep buried depth and long distance of the single workface.Moreover, because of the limitation of terrain condition, the different kinds ofgeological units of different formation lithology, well developed fault structure and soon, the engineering geological problems of high ground stress, rock burst andunderground water inrush would be occurred. Therefore, the construction process oflong-distance diversion tunnel groups is the complex system engineering, and it’s veryhard to design the construction organization and to control construction processreal-timely. Based on the technology of system simulation, real-time control and riskprediction, the key technology in the complex long distance diversion tunnel groups isresearched by the whole construction process simulation optimization and schedulecontrol in this paper. The main research results are as follows:
     (1) The theory method of the whole construction process simulation for thelong distance diversion tunnel groups is researched. The whole constructionprocess simulation model is built.
     According to the characters and influence factors, the system simulation conceptand simulation process is described by the analysis of the features and mechanism ofconstruction system, the whole construction process simulation mechanism andmethod of long-distance diversion tunnel groups is studied, and the whole processconstruction simulation model of long-distance diversion tunnel group is built.
     The construction simulation theoretic is enriched and developed through buildingthe model, and provides the theoretical foundation for the construction simulation andreal-time control of the long-distance diversion tunnel groups, thus the simulationresults is closer to the field practical, to provide security for better guiding the fieldconstruction.
     (2) Based on real-time simulation, the multi-scheme evaluation system of theconstruction schedule for long-distance diversion tunnel groups is established.The construction multi-scheme evaluation and optimization for the long-distancediversion tunnel groups based on the AHP is realized.
     Aiming at the core part of construction of long-distance diversion tunnel groups,the construction process multi-scheme evaluation and optimization, the construction process multi-scheme evaluation system for long-distance diversion tunnel group isproposed basing on real-time simulation. By building the simulation model suitable tothe different construction method of long-distance diversion tunnel group, differentconstruction scheme is simulated and analyzed, and the multi-scheme evaluation andoptimization for long-distance diversion tunnel group basing on AHP is realized.
     This system could compare the construction schedule of the differentconstruction scheme. The multi-scheme comprehensive evaluation is used to threeschemes by AHP, which can choosee the best construction method basing on the resultof comprehensive evaluation. And the technology support is provided for thescientific decision of the managers.
     (3) The uncertain problems of the long distance diversion tunnel groupsconstruction on the Condition of unfavorable geology is studied, under whichlithology prediction model based on Markov Chain is established, and riskanalysis for construction period of long distance diversion tunnel groups isproposed.
     According to the frequently unfavorable geology and characteristics of tunnelexcavation, countermeasures for different unfavorable geology conditions areconcretely analyzed. The prediction theory and method for geological risk based onMarkov process is proposed, and a calculation method for probability distribution ofsurrounding rock classification is established, under which a simulation model oftunnel excavation considering uncertain problems of lithology and randomness ofconstruction process duration. Furthermore, a method combined with monte-carlomethod is prompted to analysis duration risk and completion probability.
     The method makes geological information quantization possible and is appliedfor the construction management and the real-time control, also a new way forgeological risk prediction is opened up.
     (4) The method of the construction schedule control and adjust for thelong-distance diversion tunnel groups is proposed. The early-warning model andadjustment pattern adjustment system for construction schedule is established.
     The real-time control and adjustment of construction process is the importantpart of the construction management of the long-distance diversion tunnel groups.Based on the construction schedule control theory, the construction process controlprocedure is researched and the early-warning model is established. Above all, theconstruction process adjust system is built by providing the control and adjust method for the different kinds of the progress deviation.
     This system can master the real construction process statue comprehensively andtimely, so that to making measures for the process deviation fast and accurately. Andprovide decision method of process schedule adjustment for construction manager.
     (5) The system of the whole construction process simulation and control forthe long distance diversion tunnel is researched, which is successfully applied tothe long distance diversion tunnel construction of the hydropower station.
     Based on the practice engineering situation of the hydropower station, the wholeconstruction process simulation and real-time schedule control is realized, can adaptto the requirement of engineering application, and provide a comprehensivedecision-making platform for the long distance diversion tunnel construction.
     The research results solve the problem of engineering project managementcaused by randomness, complexity and uncertainty of the long distance diversiontunnel construction, which also can effectively help the control and management ofthe long distance tunnel construction.
引文
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