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矿井水害监控及决策支持技术研究
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摘要
煤炭是我国最重要的能源。煤矿水害不仅制约我国煤炭工业的发展,而且又是矿井灾害的主要因素之一。论文针对我国矿井水害防治研究中存在的技术难题,采用理论研究、实验研究、设备改造和现场实践相结合的方法,在充分了解国内外相关领域研究现状基础上,较为系统地对矿井水害监控及决策支持技术进行了研究。
     论文首先从采场底板突水因素分析与理论建模研究着手,分析了采场底板含水层的富水性、开采煤层底板破坏深度、隔水层、原始导高、构造、水压等主要突水因素,以矿山压力控制理论、断裂力学理论和损伤力学理论为指导,提出了采场底板“四带”划分理论模型,即将工作面煤层到含水层之间的底板划分为矿山压力破坏带、新增损伤带、原始损伤带和原始导高带,根据岩石中裂隙相互贯通方式,推导出了计算各带参数的理论计算公式,给出了采场底板突水判别准则,并通过现场实测研究证明底板“四带”存在的客观性和该理论的实用性。同时运用模糊自适应神经网络理论,构建了底板破坏深度这一重要因素的ANFIS预测模型。
     在矿井水文信息监测研究方面,论文以控制理论为指导,研究并建立了全矿井范围内的水文自动监测系统,实现了地下水参数的“面上”(全井田)动态监测。系统采用网络化结构,分为井下和地面两大部分。井上地面遥测系统能定时自动测量和存储地质钻孔水位、水温和矿井涌水量信息,并通过GSM公共无线通信网络的短信方式发送至监测中心;井下系统采用三层网络结构,底层网络和中间层网络均为总线网络,拓扑结构分别为M-Bus总线型、RS485总线型,特点是多个网络结点可共用一条通信信道,非常适合煤矿井下测点分布散而广的特点。上层网络为计算机网络,监测计算机作为网络结点,具有网络服务器功能,用户可通过网页浏览器远程查询系统信息、修改系统配置。采用移动平均、指数平滑、ARMA模型三种时间序列预测方法对矿井涌水量预测预报作了详细的分析与探讨。
     在底板富水性探测技术研究方面,论文结合地球物理勘探理论和计算机应用技术,通过改造测线的布置方法、改进仪器设备、数据采集与处理软件,提出了三维高密度电法探测底板水技术,实现了对工作面采场底板富水性的“点上”(工作面)采前富水状态的探测,以及工作面开采过程中底板破坏和底板水运移状况的动态监测。以slicer-dicer为平台实现了采场底板三维电阻率成像,并可方便地实现水平及垂直切片,将工作面底板富水状态直观地表现出来,结合实例应用说明该技术的实用性和有效性。
     在矿井底板突水预测预报及决策技术研究方面,论文应用现代信息融合技术中的GIS、多属性决策理及D-S证据理论,提出了一条从“面上”(全井田)到“点上”(工作面)的突水预测预报及决策技术途径,为底板突水决策及防治工作提供了两种有效的技术支持:(1)基于GIS平台,将影响底板突水的含水层富水性、隔水层厚度、水压、构造及突水点分布等多源地学信息进行有效的融合,构建了底板突水的多源地学信息复合模型,实现了全井田突水区域的划分及预测预测;(2)基于多属性决策理论,采用案例统计与专家分析相结合的方法,赋予影响底板突水各种因素的权重,建立突水概率指数法的融合规则,提出了突水概率指数法预测采场工作面底板突水的方法。以富水指数、构造指数、隔水层指数、水压指数、矿压指数等为主要影响因素,开发了“采场底板突水预测预报软件”,通过在肥城煤田的应用,证明了该软件的实用性;在获得底板突水概率指数的基础上,基于D-S证据理论,建立了由Θ={突水,临界,不突水,不确定}={a,b,c,θ}构成的识别框架,由E_i={E_1,E_2,E_3,E_4,E_5}={W,S,R,P,G}为证据体的突水融合决策模型(其中W为富水指数,S为构造指数,R为隔水层指数,P为水压指数,G为矿压指数)。经过陶阳煤矿9901工作面实例应用,采用多次信息融合,能够提高突水概率的可信度,降低不确定性,证明了基于突水概率指数法和D-S证据理论建立的工作面底板突水两级融合决策模型的有效性和可行性。
     论文最后在总结主要成果与创新点的基础上,提出了有待进一步深入研究的问题。
Coal is the most important energy resource in China.Mine water accident not only restrict coal industry development,but also has become one of the main factors of mine accidents.The dissertation systematically studies the monitoring and decision-making system for mine water accident by combining theoretic study, experimental research,equipment improvement and field practice based on the latest achievements in the related domains in the world.
     By analyzing the main reasons for water-inrush including aquifer water-bearing degree,floor broken depth,water-resisting layer thickness,original water inflow height,structure and underground water pressure,the dissertation proposes a four-zone model for the working face,which divides the floor stratum from coal layer to aquifer into destroyed zone caused by underground pressure,new damage zone,original damage zone and original water inflow fracture zone,based on the underground pressure theory,fracture mechanics theory and damage mechanics theory.According to the rock crack through connection model,the theoretic formula to calculate parameters in four-zone is deduced,and the criterion for deciding water-inrush from floor is presented.Field exploring research proves the existence of the four-zone and theoretical practicality of the model.The ANFIS predicting model for destroyed zone caused by underground is also built by the fuzzy adaptive neural network.
     A mine hydrologic information automatic monitoring system is studied and built for all mine coal area,and the under groundwater parameters can be surveyed with the system,the groundwater level and temperature in geological drill can be surveyed and preserved automatically by monitoring instrument,and the information can be transmitted by GSM to the monitoring center in the form of message. Three-layer network structure is adopted in mine well.M-Bus and RS485 Bus are applied respectively in the bottom layer and middle layer,and multiple network joints can use one common communication passageway channel,which fits the long distant and scattered surveying points,the monitor computer in the upper layer is a network joint,which serves as a network server.Customers can remotely inquire the system information and modify system configuration by browsing the web.Mine water effusion amount predication is analyzed and discussed through three kinds of time series predicting method including moving average,exponential smoothness and ARMA.
     The detecting technique of floor water-bearing characteristic is studied by combing the geophysical exploration theory and computer application theory.By improving the placement of equipment,data collection and data processing software, Three-dimensional high density resistivity technique is put forward,and the detecting of the water bearing degree of the working face floor before coal layer mining dynamic monitoring of floor breakage and floor water movement during coal layer mining are realized.The three-dimensional resistivity imaging of the working face is realized by slice-dicer software,which can show working face floor water-bearing characteristic with direct-vision method through level section and vertical section,the practicality and validity of this technique is exemplified.
     The GIS,multiple attribute decision-making theory and D-S evidence theory of the modern information fusion technology are employed to develop the water-inrush from floor predicting technique from "area"(all mine area) to "point"(working face), which provides two kinds of decision-making support for water-inrush from floor:(1) based on information fusion technology and GIS platform,the multiple resource information influencing water-inrush from floor,which includes aquifer water-bearing degree,water-resisting layer thickness,underground water pressure, structure and water-inrush point,is effectively fused,and the multiple resource information fusion model is built to predicate water-inrush from floor,which provides the technique of predicting water-inrush areas in all mine area;(2)Based on multiple attribute decision-making theory,with case statistics and expert analysis, the weights are govern to the factors which affect water-inrush from floor,the fusion rule is built for water-inrush probability ratio,and the new method of water-inrush probability ratio is put forward for water-inrush from floor,which provides a technique for decision-making water-inrush from floor with water-inrush probability ratio.The software for Predicting Water-inrush from Working Face Floor is developed according to aquifer water-bearing ratio,structure ratio,water-resisting layer thickness ratio,underground water pressure ratio and underground pressure ratio,the effectiveness of which is proved by application in Feicheng coal field. Based on the D-S evidence theory,the frame of discernment(?)={water-inrush, critical,no water-inrush,uncertain}={a,b,c,θ},and the model of E_i={E_1,E_2,E_3,E_4,E_5}={W,S,R,P,G} are built,where W,S,R,P,G are aquifer water-bearing ratio,structure ratio,water-resisting layer thickness ratio,underground water pressure ratio and underground pressure ratio respectively.Practical application of 9901 working face in Taoyang coal mine shows that the believing degree of water-inrush probability ratio and decision-making water-inrush from floor can be improved,and indeterminacy is reduced by several times of information fusion,and the validity and feasibility of two-step information fusion decision-making model,which is based on water-inrush probability ratio and D-S theory,is proved.
     In the conclusion,the main results and innovation of the research is summarized and some problems are put forward for further study.
引文
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