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基于浙江山区农民增收的非木质资源利用研究
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摘要
非木质资源指森林中除木材以外的任何可以利用的森林资源,它对于增加林区农民的收入有巨大的潜力。浙江省山地面积大,森林覆盖率高,非木质资源丰富,山区的主要收入来源依靠林业,而非木质资源的开发利用将是未来浙江省森林资源开发利用的主要方式,因此,进行基于山区农民增收的非木质资源利用研究显得尤为必要,这不仅可以提高对非木质资源开发利用的重视,而且对发展山区经济,增加山区农民收入和促进森林可持续经营起到积极的作用。
     本研究在分析浙江山区农民增收和非木质资源利用现状及存在问题的基础上,通过案例点的研究,分析非木质资源利用对浙江山区农民收入的影响,并且根据主要影响因素对山区农民收入的影响程度大小,结合浙江山区农民增收及非木质资源利用现状和存在的问题,提出有效的对策建议。
     主要研究过程和结论是:
     (1)从浙江统计年鉴和林业局等二手相关资料入手,阐述了浙江山区农民收入的现状、来源及收入的结构,在此基础上分析了目前浙江山区农民增收存在的问题主要有:收入结构不够合理,山区之间收入差距扩大;
     (2)从定性角度对浙江山区非木质资源发展现状及存在问题进行了论述,同时,通过临安市非木质资源利用的实地调研数据,分析了浙江山区非木质资源利用中存在的问题主要有:山地经营规模偏小、经济支持力度不够、对科研培训及教育的投入不足、社会化与信息化服务体系不够健全;
     (3)运用赋分法对在非木质资源利用中影响农民收入的相关因素进行了重要性排序,结果表明,农户认为林业补助、科技培训、信息流通和销售渠道这三方面比较重要,而对进一步搞活林地流转和放宽信贷条件给予的关注较少;运用计量模型,将相关影响因素进行量化,分析了目前影响非木质资源收入的因素主要有:集中经营林地面积、林业补助、信用社贷款、科技培训、信息流通和销售渠道等。
     (4)在浙江山区非木质资源发展现状及存在问题分析的基础上,从林地流转机制、经济扶持、技术培训、社会服务体系四方面提出一些促进浙江山区农民增收的非木质资源利用对策与建议。
Non-wood forest resources are referred to any forest resources that can be used in forest, they have a good potential to increase the income of peasant. In Zhejiang province, Mountain area is large, the forest coverage rate is high, non-wood resources are rich, and the main source of income in mountain area is on forestry. Non-wood resources development and utilization will be the main way of developing and using the forest resources in Zhejiang province in the future. Thus, it is particularly necessary to take a research on non-wood resource utilization based on increasing income of the mountain farmers in Zhejiang. It can not only enhance the attention of development and utilization the non-wood resources, but also has played a positive role in developing the economic of mountainous areas, stabilizing farmers’income and promoting forest sustainable management.
     In this study, on the basis of learning status and problems of mountain farmers’income and the use of non-wood resources in Zhejiang province, through practical study points case, analysis the impact of the use of non-wood resources on mountain farmers’income, and according to the influencing factors, Combination the status and problems, make effective countermeasures and proposals.
     The main course of the study and the conclusion is that:
     (1)The status and problems of mountain farmers’income in Zhejiang province, started with some relevant data from Statistical Yearbook and Forestry Bureau of Zhejiang, description the status, source and structure of mountain farmer’s income in Zhejiang province, on that basis, analysis its problems: revenue structure is irrational, the gap between the mountains becomes wide.
     (2) The status and problems of the use of non-wood resources in Zhejiang province, first, it analyzed the status quo and the problems of non-wood resources utilization in Zhejiang mountain area from a qualitative point of view. Then, through a large number of field research data, mainly take some kind of utilization of non-wood resources of Lin’an as an example, analyzed the problems in the production of non-wood resources: the scale of mountain operation is relative small, financial support is Inadequate, investment in research\ training\ education is insufficient, Socialized service system and information are not sound enough.
     (3) Assigned different score to influencing factors of farmers’income in the use of non-wood resources and sort them by farmers’will: in the minds of farmers, forestry grants, science and technology training, information flow and sales channels is more important, and less concern on forest flow and loans; used the econometric method quantify the relevant factors,to analyze the actual impact of the current factors to the farmers’non-wood resources income in Zhejiang mountain area: focus on an area of woodland, forestry grant, loans, IT training, the flow of information and sales channels and so on.
     (4) On the basis of the status quo of the non-wood resources utilization and the farmers’income in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang province, against the existing constraints and problems, promoting some measures about non-wood resources utilization which can increase farmers’income in Zhejiang mountain area, includes woodland transfer mechanism, economic support, technical training, social services system.
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