MANET与Internet互联的研究与仿真
摘要
Ad Hoc网络是一种特殊的无线移动通信网络,整个网络没有固定的基础设施,所有节点都是移动的且地位平等,无需设置任何中心控制节点,整个网络具有很强的抗毁能力。网络中的节点不但具有普通移动终端所具备的功能,而且具有报文转发功能。当通信的源节点和目的节点不在直接通信范围之内时,它们可以通过中间节点转发报文进行通信。有时节点间的通信可能要经过多个中间节点的转发,即报文要经过多跳才能到达目的地。
MANET(移动Ad Hoc网络)通常是一个独立存在的自组织的移动网络,并可在不依赖现有的基础网络的情况下利用多跳进行通信,MANET与Internet网络的互联可以大大提高MANET网络的应用范围,扩展其覆盖率。在本文中我们提出了一种利用多移动网关技术来实现两者之间互联的体系结构,我们使用了一种扩展的AODV协议和MIP(移动IP)相互配合来进行网络互联,我们把这种协议称为MG-AODV协议。除此之外我们还提出了MG-OLSR协议。
MG-AODV和MG-OLSR协议的特点是：首先与传统的把MANET看成是固定网的接入网的模式不同,它支持的是双向通信；其次它支持多网关与多路由的通信方式从而能够提供更好的切换功能和负载平衡机制；第三,我们使用混合式网关发现机制来减少通信开销。
文章最后介绍了MG-MMS网关选择算法,能够大大提高网络的负载平衡能力,最后通过NS2仿真的结果进行分析并得出我们的结论。
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are composed of mobile nodes (MN), which can communicates with each other and moves freely in the network. A route may be constituted by several hops of wirless links between the nodes, without any surports of infrastructure. Each MN is not only a communication terminal, but also a router in the network. Without any aid of infrastructure, an effiecent and dynamic communication system can provide convenient communication services freely, especially in emergency, disaster and military environment.
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANET) are typically considered as startd-alone, autonomous networks that support multihop communication without relying on any existing infrastructure. However the integration of MANET and infrastructure networks such as the Internet extends the network coverage and increases the application domain of Ad Hoc networks. In this Paper we propose an architecture for integrating MANETs and the Internet using multiple mobile gateways. We used an extended Ad Hoc on demand Distance Vector(AODV) routing protocol and Mobile IP(MIP)to achieve the integration. We call this extended AODV protocol as "MG-AODV".and we present an extended protocol of OLSR which we calley as "MG-OLSR".
The distinctive features of MG-AODV and MG-OLSR are:First unlike existing proposals which consider MANET as access networks to the fixed networks, we propose an architecture that supports bi-directional communication. Second we consider multiple gateways and maintain multiple routes to gateways to provide load balancing and improve handover. Third, we use hybrid gateway discovery mechanisms to reduce communication overheads.
The rest of this Paper is about the Gateway selection algorism, which we called it "MG-MMS", can efficiently provide load balancing capacity. Last is the NS2 simulation of our work. We analyzed the results of performance evaluation and get our conclusions.
MANET(移动Ad Hoc网络)通常是一个独立存在的自组织的移动网络,并可在不依赖现有的基础网络的情况下利用多跳进行通信,MANET与Internet网络的互联可以大大提高MANET网络的应用范围,扩展其覆盖率。在本文中我们提出了一种利用多移动网关技术来实现两者之间互联的体系结构,我们使用了一种扩展的AODV协议和MIP(移动IP)相互配合来进行网络互联,我们把这种协议称为MG-AODV协议。除此之外我们还提出了MG-OLSR协议。
MG-AODV和MG-OLSR协议的特点是：首先与传统的把MANET看成是固定网的接入网的模式不同,它支持的是双向通信；其次它支持多网关与多路由的通信方式从而能够提供更好的切换功能和负载平衡机制；第三,我们使用混合式网关发现机制来减少通信开销。
文章最后介绍了MG-MMS网关选择算法,能够大大提高网络的负载平衡能力,最后通过NS2仿真的结果进行分析并得出我们的结论。
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are composed of mobile nodes (MN), which can communicates with each other and moves freely in the network. A route may be constituted by several hops of wirless links between the nodes, without any surports of infrastructure. Each MN is not only a communication terminal, but also a router in the network. Without any aid of infrastructure, an effiecent and dynamic communication system can provide convenient communication services freely, especially in emergency, disaster and military environment.
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANET) are typically considered as startd-alone, autonomous networks that support multihop communication without relying on any existing infrastructure. However the integration of MANET and infrastructure networks such as the Internet extends the network coverage and increases the application domain of Ad Hoc networks. In this Paper we propose an architecture for integrating MANETs and the Internet using multiple mobile gateways. We used an extended Ad Hoc on demand Distance Vector(AODV) routing protocol and Mobile IP(MIP)to achieve the integration. We call this extended AODV protocol as "MG-AODV".and we present an extended protocol of OLSR which we calley as "MG-OLSR".
The distinctive features of MG-AODV and MG-OLSR are:First unlike existing proposals which consider MANET as access networks to the fixed networks, we propose an architecture that supports bi-directional communication. Second we consider multiple gateways and maintain multiple routes to gateways to provide load balancing and improve handover. Third, we use hybrid gateway discovery mechanisms to reduce communication overheads.
The rest of this Paper is about the Gateway selection algorism, which we called it "MG-MMS", can efficiently provide load balancing capacity. Last is the NS2 simulation of our work. We analyzed the results of performance evaluation and get our conclusions.
引文
[1]陈林星等,《移动MANET网络——自组织分组无线网络技术》.
[2]王金龙等,《Ad Hoc移动无线网络》,国防工业出版社,2004.
[3]郑少仁,王海涛,赵志峰,《AdHoc网络技术》,人民邮电出版社,2005.
[4]方旭明,”移动Ad hoc网络研究与发展现状”,数据通信2003
[5]王海涛,”未来个人通信的关键技术—移动Ad hoc网络”,http://www.c114.net/
[1]C.E. Perkins,"Mobile IP:DeJign PrincipreS and Practices", Addison-Wesley,1997.
[2]H. Lei and C. Perkins,"MANET networking with Mobile IP" in Proceedings of the 2nd European Personal Mobile Comunications Conference, Oct.1997.
[3]U. Jonsson, F. Alriksson, T. Larsson, P. Johansson, and G. Maguire, "MIPMANET-Mobile IP for Mobile MANET Networks." in Proceedings of IEEE/ACM Workshop on Mobile and MANET Networking and Computing, Boston, MA USA, August 1999.
[4]Y. Sun, E. M. Belding-Royer, and C. E. Perkins. "Internet connectivity for MANET mobile networks" International Journal of Wireless Information Networks special issue on Mobile MANET Networks (MANETs):Standards, Research, Applications,2002.
[5]J. Broch, D. Maltz, and D. Johnson. "Supporting hierarchy and heterogeneous interfaces in multi-hop wireless MANET networks," in Workshop on Mobile Computing held in conjunction with the International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms, and Networks, Perth, Australia, June 1999.
[6]R.Wakikawa,J.T.Malinen,C.E.Perkins,A.Nilsson,and A.J.Tuominen. "Global connectivity for IPv6 mobile MANET networks," Internet Engineering Task Force," Internet Draft (Work in Progress), July 2002.
[7]C.Perkins. "IP Mobility Support" Request For Comments(Standard) 2002, Internet Engineering Task Force, Oct.1996.
[8]C. E. Perkins, J. T. Malinen, R. Wakikawa, E. M. Belding-Royer, and Y. Sun, "IP address autoconfiguration for MANET networks" Internet Draft, Nov.2001. Work in progress.
[9]Hu zhonggong. "An Enhanced approach with Adjusting GWADV Interval for Connecting Mobile MANET Networks to the Internet", Journal of Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 2006.
[10]Mieso K.Denko, Chen Wei. "AN ARCHITECTURE FOR INTEGRATING MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS WITH THE INTERNET USING MULTIPLE MOBILE GATEWAYS",CCECE/CCGEI, saskatoon,May 2005.
[11]Zhi-Ang EU. Winston Khoon-Guan SEAH. Kean-Soon TAN. "Experimental Performance Modeling of MANET Interconnectivity". ICPADS'05.
[12]赵金华,刘宏伟,宋远骏,杨孝宗,”移动自组网与Internet互联的动态网关策略”.电子学报2006.1 Vol34 No.1.
[1]C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royer, and S. Das. "MANET On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing" Request for Comments (Experimental) 3561, Internet Engineering Task Force, July 2003.
[2]C. Perkins. Ed RFC 3344 IP Mobility Support for IPv4 IETF 2002.
[3]U.Jonsson,et al. "MIPMANET-Mobile IP for Mobile MANET Networks",IEEE/ACM annual Workshop on Mobile MANET Networking and Computing(MobileHOC'02), Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Augest 2000.
[4]P.Ratanchandani and R. Kravet. "A Hybrid Approach to Internet Connectivity for Mobile MANET Networks",peoceedings of IEEE WCNC'03 New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, March, 2003.
[5]J. Broch, D. A. Maltz, and D. B. Johnson. "Supporting Hieaarchy and Heterogneneous Interfaces in Multi-Hop Wireless MANET Networks", in Proc. of Workshop on Mobile Computing, June 1999.
[6]Wakikawa R., Malinen J.T., Perkins C.E. Global connectivity for IPv6 Mobile MANET Networks draft-wakikawa-manet-globalv6-05.txt, Mar.2006.
[7]JeeHyeon Na, Yun Won Chung, et al, "A Novel Routing Path Discovery and Data Delivery Scheme for Ubiquitous Internet Connectivity Based on Hierachical mobile AODV6 Networks", Vehicular Technology Conference,2007. VTC2007-Spring. IEEE 65th. Volume, Issue,22-25 April 2007 Page(s):61-65
[8]Perkins C,Bhagwat P. "Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distance-vector routlng(DSDV)for mobile computers". Proceedings of SIGCOMM 94, August 1994.
[9]Sun Y, Belding-Royer EM,Perkins. "Internet connectivity for MANET mobile networks". International Journal of Wireless InformationNetworks,9(2), April2002.
[10]周继华,王国辉,石晶林,"基于AODV的自动配置和Internet接入方法研究”计算机工程 Vol.32,No.1,2006.1
[11]李少谦,兰岚,"无线MANET网络技术”.中兴通讯技术,第38期,2002年2月。
[12]Johnson D B,Mahz D A, Brech J. "DSR:The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Multi-Hop wireless Ad Hoc networks". Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh,PA 15213-3891.
[13]Hossam El-oshrify,M.A.Mangoud and M.Rizk. "Gateway Discovery in Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV)Routing for internet Connectivity",24th NRSC2007. March 13-15,2007.
[14]李复才,张永平,孙宁”无线自组网和因特网互联的新方案”.计算机工程与设计2007.10,Vol.28 No.20.
[15]AODV homepage.http://moment.cs.ucsb.edu/AODV/aodv.html.
[16]沈斌,李波,石冰心.”基于HELLO机制的MANET与Internet高效互联”.微电子学与计算机2006年第23卷第10期.
[17]王玉明,杨宗凯,赵大胜.”基于缓存旁路和本地修复的多跳网络路由重建机制”.电子与信息学报Vol.29 No.7. Jul,2007
[18]关媛,王振中,陆建德,”带路径收集的移动自组网协议优化”计算机工程Vol.33,No.3, 2007.2
[19]李海波,李忠诚,谢高岗.”移动自组网基于邻居变化率稳定路径选择方法”.软件学报.Vol.18,No.3, March 2007.
[1]Wakikawa R, Malinen J.T, Perkins C.E. Global connectivity for IPv6 Mobile MANET Networks draft-wakikawa-manet-globalv6-05.txt, Mar.2006.
[2]T. Clausen, P. Jacquet. "Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR)", Request for Comments (Experimental) 3626, Internet Engineering Task Force, October 2003.
[3]C. Perkins. "IP Mobility Support for IPv4," Request for Comments 3344, Internet Engineering Task Force, August 2002.
[4]List of MANET routing protocols. Wikipedia. [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MANET routing protocol list.
[5]C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royer, and S. Das. "MANET On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing," Request for Comments (Experimental) 3561, Internet Engineering Task Force, July 2003.
[6]D. Johnson, Y. Hu, and D. Maltz. "The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR) for Mobile MANET Networks for IPv4," Request for Comments (Experimental) 4728,Internet Engineering Task Force, February 2007.
[7]R. Ogier, F. Templin, and M. Lewis. "Topology Dissemination Based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF)," Request for Comments (Experimental) 3684, Internet Engineering Task Force, February 2004.
[8]C. Perkins. "IP Encapsulation within IP," Request for Comments 2003, Internet Engineering Task Force, October 1996.
[9]Yu Bin, Sun Bin. "Modify AODV For MANET/INTERNET connection through multiple mobile gateways," The 11th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT'09),2009.
[10]周懿,郭伟,任智"Ad Hoc网中的OLSR路由协议研究”.中国测试技术Vol.30 No.5 Sep,2004.
[1]Jin H. Zhao, Xiao Z. Yang and Hong W. Liu. "Load-balancing Strategy of Multi-gateway for MANET Internet Connectivity," Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology:Coding and Computing (ITCC'05),2005.
[2]Ching-Lung Chang,Member,IEEE and Tung-Li Lin. "A Load-balanced Routing Consideration with Delay-based RREQ Scheme in Wireless Mesh Networks". ICESS2008.
[3]Usman Ashraf,Guy Juanole and Slim abdellatif. "Evaluating Routing Protocols for the Wireless Mesh Backbone". WiMob 2007.
[4]Rajiv Misra, C.R.Mandal, ICPWC'2005. "Performance Comparison of AODV/DSR On-demand Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks in Constrained Situation".
[5]Fudhiyanto Pranata Setiawan,Safdar Hussain Bouk,and Iwao Sasase, "An Optimum Multiple Metrics Gateway Selection Mechanism in MANET and Infrastructured Networkd Integration", WCNC 2008.
[6]徐雷鸣,庞博,赵耀,《NS与网络模拟》人民邮电出版社,2003.
[7]李庆,刘聪,江汉红,张杨石,"Ad Hoc网络中AODV路由协议的优化”,计算机工程2008.7Vol.34 No.13.
[8]丁楠,张力军,”移动Ad Hoc网络路由协议的分析与比较”,计算机与数字工程.,第35卷.
[2]王金龙等,《Ad Hoc移动无线网络》,国防工业出版社,2004.
[3]郑少仁,王海涛,赵志峰,《AdHoc网络技术》,人民邮电出版社,2005.
[4]方旭明,”移动Ad hoc网络研究与发展现状”,数据通信2003
[5]王海涛,”未来个人通信的关键技术—移动Ad hoc网络”,http://www.c114.net/
[1]C.E. Perkins,"Mobile IP:DeJign PrincipreS and Practices", Addison-Wesley,1997.
[2]H. Lei and C. Perkins,"MANET networking with Mobile IP" in Proceedings of the 2nd European Personal Mobile Comunications Conference, Oct.1997.
[3]U. Jonsson, F. Alriksson, T. Larsson, P. Johansson, and G. Maguire, "MIPMANET-Mobile IP for Mobile MANET Networks." in Proceedings of IEEE/ACM Workshop on Mobile and MANET Networking and Computing, Boston, MA USA, August 1999.
[4]Y. Sun, E. M. Belding-Royer, and C. E. Perkins. "Internet connectivity for MANET mobile networks" International Journal of Wireless Information Networks special issue on Mobile MANET Networks (MANETs):Standards, Research, Applications,2002.
[5]J. Broch, D. Maltz, and D. Johnson. "Supporting hierarchy and heterogeneous interfaces in multi-hop wireless MANET networks," in Workshop on Mobile Computing held in conjunction with the International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms, and Networks, Perth, Australia, June 1999.
[6]R.Wakikawa,J.T.Malinen,C.E.Perkins,A.Nilsson,and A.J.Tuominen. "Global connectivity for IPv6 mobile MANET networks," Internet Engineering Task Force," Internet Draft (Work in Progress), July 2002.
[7]C.Perkins. "IP Mobility Support" Request For Comments(Standard) 2002, Internet Engineering Task Force, Oct.1996.
[8]C. E. Perkins, J. T. Malinen, R. Wakikawa, E. M. Belding-Royer, and Y. Sun, "IP address autoconfiguration for MANET networks" Internet Draft, Nov.2001. Work in progress.
[9]Hu zhonggong. "An Enhanced approach with Adjusting GWADV Interval for Connecting Mobile MANET Networks to the Internet", Journal of Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 2006.
[10]Mieso K.Denko, Chen Wei. "AN ARCHITECTURE FOR INTEGRATING MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS WITH THE INTERNET USING MULTIPLE MOBILE GATEWAYS",CCECE/CCGEI, saskatoon,May 2005.
[11]Zhi-Ang EU. Winston Khoon-Guan SEAH. Kean-Soon TAN. "Experimental Performance Modeling of MANET Interconnectivity". ICPADS'05.
[12]赵金华,刘宏伟,宋远骏,杨孝宗,”移动自组网与Internet互联的动态网关策略”.电子学报2006.1 Vol34 No.1.
[1]C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royer, and S. Das. "MANET On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing" Request for Comments (Experimental) 3561, Internet Engineering Task Force, July 2003.
[2]C. Perkins. Ed RFC 3344 IP Mobility Support for IPv4 IETF 2002.
[3]U.Jonsson,et al. "MIPMANET-Mobile IP for Mobile MANET Networks",IEEE/ACM annual Workshop on Mobile MANET Networking and Computing(MobileHOC'02), Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Augest 2000.
[4]P.Ratanchandani and R. Kravet. "A Hybrid Approach to Internet Connectivity for Mobile MANET Networks",peoceedings of IEEE WCNC'03 New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, March, 2003.
[5]J. Broch, D. A. Maltz, and D. B. Johnson. "Supporting Hieaarchy and Heterogneneous Interfaces in Multi-Hop Wireless MANET Networks", in Proc. of Workshop on Mobile Computing, June 1999.
[6]Wakikawa R., Malinen J.T., Perkins C.E. Global connectivity for IPv6 Mobile MANET Networks draft-wakikawa-manet-globalv6-05.txt, Mar.2006.
[7]JeeHyeon Na, Yun Won Chung, et al, "A Novel Routing Path Discovery and Data Delivery Scheme for Ubiquitous Internet Connectivity Based on Hierachical mobile AODV6 Networks", Vehicular Technology Conference,2007. VTC2007-Spring. IEEE 65th. Volume, Issue,22-25 April 2007 Page(s):61-65
[8]Perkins C,Bhagwat P. "Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distance-vector routlng(DSDV)for mobile computers". Proceedings of SIGCOMM 94, August 1994.
[9]Sun Y, Belding-Royer EM,Perkins. "Internet connectivity for MANET mobile networks". International Journal of Wireless InformationNetworks,9(2), April2002.
[10]周继华,王国辉,石晶林,"基于AODV的自动配置和Internet接入方法研究”计算机工程 Vol.32,No.1,2006.1
[11]李少谦,兰岚,"无线MANET网络技术”.中兴通讯技术,第38期,2002年2月。
[12]Johnson D B,Mahz D A, Brech J. "DSR:The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Multi-Hop wireless Ad Hoc networks". Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh,PA 15213-3891.
[13]Hossam El-oshrify,M.A.Mangoud and M.Rizk. "Gateway Discovery in Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV)Routing for internet Connectivity",24th NRSC2007. March 13-15,2007.
[14]李复才,张永平,孙宁”无线自组网和因特网互联的新方案”.计算机工程与设计2007.10,Vol.28 No.20.
[15]AODV homepage.http://moment.cs.ucsb.edu/AODV/aodv.html.
[16]沈斌,李波,石冰心.”基于HELLO机制的MANET与Internet高效互联”.微电子学与计算机2006年第23卷第10期.
[17]王玉明,杨宗凯,赵大胜.”基于缓存旁路和本地修复的多跳网络路由重建机制”.电子与信息学报Vol.29 No.7. Jul,2007
[18]关媛,王振中,陆建德,”带路径收集的移动自组网协议优化”计算机工程Vol.33,No.3, 2007.2
[19]李海波,李忠诚,谢高岗.”移动自组网基于邻居变化率稳定路径选择方法”.软件学报.Vol.18,No.3, March 2007.
[1]Wakikawa R, Malinen J.T, Perkins C.E. Global connectivity for IPv6 Mobile MANET Networks draft-wakikawa-manet-globalv6-05.txt, Mar.2006.
[2]T. Clausen, P. Jacquet. "Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR)", Request for Comments (Experimental) 3626, Internet Engineering Task Force, October 2003.
[3]C. Perkins. "IP Mobility Support for IPv4," Request for Comments 3344, Internet Engineering Task Force, August 2002.
[4]List of MANET routing protocols. Wikipedia. [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MANET routing protocol list.
[5]C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royer, and S. Das. "MANET On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing," Request for Comments (Experimental) 3561, Internet Engineering Task Force, July 2003.
[6]D. Johnson, Y. Hu, and D. Maltz. "The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR) for Mobile MANET Networks for IPv4," Request for Comments (Experimental) 4728,Internet Engineering Task Force, February 2007.
[7]R. Ogier, F. Templin, and M. Lewis. "Topology Dissemination Based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF)," Request for Comments (Experimental) 3684, Internet Engineering Task Force, February 2004.
[8]C. Perkins. "IP Encapsulation within IP," Request for Comments 2003, Internet Engineering Task Force, October 1996.
[9]Yu Bin, Sun Bin. "Modify AODV For MANET/INTERNET connection through multiple mobile gateways," The 11th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT'09),2009.
[10]周懿,郭伟,任智"Ad Hoc网中的OLSR路由协议研究”.中国测试技术Vol.30 No.5 Sep,2004.
[1]Jin H. Zhao, Xiao Z. Yang and Hong W. Liu. "Load-balancing Strategy of Multi-gateway for MANET Internet Connectivity," Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology:Coding and Computing (ITCC'05),2005.
[2]Ching-Lung Chang,Member,IEEE and Tung-Li Lin. "A Load-balanced Routing Consideration with Delay-based RREQ Scheme in Wireless Mesh Networks". ICESS2008.
[3]Usman Ashraf,Guy Juanole and Slim abdellatif. "Evaluating Routing Protocols for the Wireless Mesh Backbone". WiMob 2007.
[4]Rajiv Misra, C.R.Mandal, ICPWC'2005. "Performance Comparison of AODV/DSR On-demand Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks in Constrained Situation".
[5]Fudhiyanto Pranata Setiawan,Safdar Hussain Bouk,and Iwao Sasase, "An Optimum Multiple Metrics Gateway Selection Mechanism in MANET and Infrastructured Networkd Integration", WCNC 2008.
[6]徐雷鸣,庞博,赵耀,《NS与网络模拟》人民邮电出版社,2003.
[7]李庆,刘聪,江汉红,张杨石,"Ad Hoc网络中AODV路由协议的优化”,计算机工程2008.7Vol.34 No.13.
[8]丁楠,张力军,”移动Ad Hoc网络路由协议的分析与比较”,计算机与数字工程.,第35卷.