水平旋流内消能泄洪洞水力特性的数值模拟
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摘要
目前,高坝的泄水建筑物具有水头高、流量大等特点,其泄洪消能方式多采用内消能工,水平旋流内消能工作为其中的一种,以前多采用模型试验对其研究,数值模拟研究一直未见报导。
本文通过分析模型试验成果,理解并基本掌握了各水力特性的物理概念之后,应用数值模拟技术,采用大型通用流体计算软件,探讨了水平旋流内消能工的网格划分方法、紊流模型选取、边界条件的合理设置和数值耗散的影响,研究了其可行性。
采用Realizableκ-ε紊流模型和自由表面追踪技术VOF法实现了数值模拟,得到了旋转水流的各项水力参数,模拟和再现了模型试验成果。并在此基础之上:
(1)以试验所测的壁面压力为依据,验证了数值模拟的效果,探讨了水平洞内的压强分布规律,水平洞内压强梯度沿程逐渐减小;
(2)计算分析了水平旋流洞中水流运动的轴向、切向和径向速度,得出了水流流动为准自由涡运动的分布规律,计算得到了旋流夹角的沿程变化规律;
(3)计算分析了紊动能和耗散率的沿程变化规律,验证了水平旋流的高消能率,进一步证明其作为新型消能工的优势。
(4)使用不同紊流模型进行计算,结合试验研究,详细比较了各种紊流模型的壁面压力,旋流夹角和消能率的差别,得出了Realizableκ-ε紊流模型更适合模拟该消能工的结论。
The high dam sluices in the building possesses the characteristics of high water head and heavy discharge at present. The patterns of flood discharge and energy dissipation are mostly using energy dissipator. As one of the pattern, level rotary inner energy dissipator, which was investigated in experiments in the past, has not been reported with numerical simulation.
Author firstly comprehends and masters the concept of each hydraulic characteristic by analysing the model test results in this thesis. Then author investigates the effect and the feasibility of the mesh generation method, the turbulence model, and reasonable boundary conditions and numerical dissipation of level rotary inner energy dissipater with the numerical simulation technique and large universal calculation software.
Author gets the hydraulic parameters of rotational flow, simulats and reconstructs the model test results using the Realizable k -εturbulence model and free surface tracing technology VOF method.
(1) Author validates the numerical simulation results based on the wall pressure acquired in the experiments, investigates the pressure distribution in horizontal holes and pressure gradient along porous.
(2) Author gets the distribution that flow is semi-free vortex and the swirl angle changed along the path by calculating and analysing the axial, tangential and radial speed of flow moment in horizontal holes.
(3) Author verifies the level rotary flow with high rate of energy loss and proves that its advantages as a new energy dissipator further calculateing and analysing the turbulent energy and dissipation rate along porous.
(4) Author compared with wall pressure of different turbulence model, swirl angle and dissipation rate with different turbulence model combining with the experimental study, and comes to the conclusion that Realizable k -εturbulence model was more suitable for simulating this energy dissipator.
本文通过分析模型试验成果,理解并基本掌握了各水力特性的物理概念之后,应用数值模拟技术,采用大型通用流体计算软件,探讨了水平旋流内消能工的网格划分方法、紊流模型选取、边界条件的合理设置和数值耗散的影响,研究了其可行性。
采用Realizableκ-ε紊流模型和自由表面追踪技术VOF法实现了数值模拟,得到了旋转水流的各项水力参数,模拟和再现了模型试验成果。并在此基础之上:
(1)以试验所测的壁面压力为依据,验证了数值模拟的效果,探讨了水平洞内的压强分布规律,水平洞内压强梯度沿程逐渐减小;
(2)计算分析了水平旋流洞中水流运动的轴向、切向和径向速度,得出了水流流动为准自由涡运动的分布规律,计算得到了旋流夹角的沿程变化规律;
(3)计算分析了紊动能和耗散率的沿程变化规律,验证了水平旋流的高消能率,进一步证明其作为新型消能工的优势。
(4)使用不同紊流模型进行计算,结合试验研究,详细比较了各种紊流模型的壁面压力,旋流夹角和消能率的差别,得出了Realizableκ-ε紊流模型更适合模拟该消能工的结论。
The high dam sluices in the building possesses the characteristics of high water head and heavy discharge at present. The patterns of flood discharge and energy dissipation are mostly using energy dissipator. As one of the pattern, level rotary inner energy dissipator, which was investigated in experiments in the past, has not been reported with numerical simulation.
Author firstly comprehends and masters the concept of each hydraulic characteristic by analysing the model test results in this thesis. Then author investigates the effect and the feasibility of the mesh generation method, the turbulence model, and reasonable boundary conditions and numerical dissipation of level rotary inner energy dissipater with the numerical simulation technique and large universal calculation software.
Author gets the hydraulic parameters of rotational flow, simulats and reconstructs the model test results using the Realizable k -εturbulence model and free surface tracing technology VOF method.
(1) Author validates the numerical simulation results based on the wall pressure acquired in the experiments, investigates the pressure distribution in horizontal holes and pressure gradient along porous.
(2) Author gets the distribution that flow is semi-free vortex and the swirl angle changed along the path by calculating and analysing the axial, tangential and radial speed of flow moment in horizontal holes.
(3) Author verifies the level rotary flow with high rate of energy loss and proves that its advantages as a new energy dissipator further calculateing and analysing the turbulent energy and dissipation rate along porous.
(4) Author compared with wall pressure of different turbulence model, swirl angle and dissipation rate with different turbulence model combining with the experimental study, and comes to the conclusion that Realizable k -εturbulence model was more suitable for simulating this energy dissipator.
引文
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[3]董兴林、高季章,利用导流洞改为竖井式永久泄洪洞研究综述.水力发电,1993(8):47-50.
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[5](美)H.T.法尔维,水工建筑物中的掺气水流.水利电力出版社,1984.
[6]Hager W H,Vortex drop inlet for supercritical approaching flow[J].J.of Hydraulic Engineering,1990,116(8).
[7]Quik M C,Analysis of spiral vortex and vertical slot vortex drop shafts[J].J.of Hydraulic Engineering,1990,116(3).
[8]Drioli C,Esperienze su installazioni con pozzo discarico a Vortice[J].L' Eletterica,1996,6.
[9]Jeanpierre D、Lachal A,Dissipation denergie dans unpuits a vortex[X].La Houille Blance,n.7,1996.
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[11]Vischer D L,Hager W H,Vortex drops[M].IAHR Hydraulic Structures Design Manual.1995,9.
[12]夏维洪、王河生,旋转水流消能及空化特性.河海大学学报,26卷(23),1998:11-17.
[13]钱莺莺、姜树海、王正臬等,涡旋内消能竖井泄洪洞的研究.泄水工程与高速水流论文集,成都科技大学出版社,1998:54-60.
[14]钱莺莺、马萍章,同轴反向涡旋内消能工的试验研究.泄水工程与高速水流论文集,成都科技大学出版社,1994:71-76.
[15]董兴林、高季章、鲁慎吾等,导流洞改为旋涡式竖井溢洪道综合研究.水力发电,1995(3):32-37.
[16]董兴林、郭军、杨开林等,旋流泄洪洞的特点及其运行可靠性分析.水力发电,2003(4):33-35.
[17]孙双科、刘之平、周胜,下游高水位条件下导流洞改建为旋流竖井式泄洪洞的水力学问题研究.水利学报,2000(10):22-27.
[18]倪汉根、郭琰,旋流式竖井溢洪道的流量系数.泄水工程与高速水流论文集,成都科技大学出版社,1994:342-345.
[19]郭琰、倪汉根,旋流式竖井溢洪道竖井的水流特性研究.水动力学研究与进展,10卷(2),1995:146-154
[20]郭琰、倪汉根,旋流式竖井溢洪道的过流能力及蜗室与锥形渐缩段的水力特性研究.水动力学研究与进展,10卷(1),1995:97-105
[21]崔陇天、吕瑞平,涡流式消能工水力特性初探.全国水动力学研讨会文集,水动力学研究 与进展编辑部,1993(9):538-547.
[22]王永生、李建中、牛争鸣,竖井进流水平旋流式内消能工的水力特性.陕西水力发电,1996(3):14-20.
[23]牛争鸣、李建中、王永生等,竖井进流水平旋转内消能泄水道的空化特征.水利学报,1998(1)增刊:44-49.
[24]牛争鸣、孙静、张鸣远,竖井进流水平旋转内消能泄水道的壁面压力分布规律.水力发电学报,2002(4):71-80.
[25]牛争鸣、孙静、程庆迎,竖井进流水平旋转内消能泄水道流速分布与消能率的试验研究.水力发电学报,2003(1):61-69.
[26]牛争鸣、孙静、张鸣远,竖井进流水平旋转内消能泄水道空腔直径的变化规律.水利学报,2003(2):31-37.
[27]李会雄,管内切向旋流的流动特性研究.西安交通大学博士学位论文,1994(7):2-5.
[28]A.Ⅱ.祖伊科夫、A.Γ.切帕伊金,旋涡式无压泄水道的水力计算.(苏)水工建设,1988(4):25-28.
[29]B.B.沃尔尚尼克等,旋流竖井溢洪道的水力计算的解析法.(苏)水工建设,1989(4):32-38.
[30]张晓东,刘之平,高季章等,竖井旋流式泄洪洞数值模拟.水利学报,2003(8):58-63.
[31]杨朝晖,吴守荣,余挺等,竖井旋流泄洪洞三维数值模拟研究.四川大学学报,2007(3):41-45.
[32]杨海波,刁明军,李斌华,高水头大流量竖井旋流水气二相流二维数值模拟.西南民族大学学报,2007(3):618-623.
[33]李会雄,周德芳,管内湍流旋流的数值计算.应用力学学报,1994(6):20-24.
[34]戴光清,李建明等水力旋流器湍流场数值模拟.化工学报,1997(02):123-134.
[35]陆耀军,周力行,沈熊,液-液旋流分离管中强旋湍流的Reynold应力输运方程数值模拟.中国科学,2000(2):47-52.
[36]王福军,计算流体动力学分析.清华大学出版社,2004(9).
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