身体活动:心理效益与活动促进
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- 英文论文题名：Physical Activity:Psychological Benefits and Behavior Promotion
- 论文作者：郭璐 ; 毛志雄
- 英文论文作者：Guo Lu ; Mao Zhixiong ; Sport Science College ; Beijing Sport University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：北京体育大学运动人体科学学院;
- 论文关键词：身体活动 ; 体育锻炼 ; 心理效益 ; 心理机制 ; 行为促进
- 英文论文关键词：Physical activity ; Exercise ; Psychological benefits ; Psychological mechanism ; Behavior promotion
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：G804.8
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：792k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
通过检索运动心理学5大国际期刊,及我国学者近5年(2010年至2014年)在锻炼心理学领域的实证研究论文,进行文献整理及对比分析。结果表明,身体活动的心理效益及行为促进仍是锻炼心理学的两大重要研究领域,所占比例分别为:运动心理学5大国际期刊(心理效益:25.0%,行为促进:51.0%);我国学者近5年的实证研究(心理效益:34.7%,行为促进:54.1%)。由此可见,在运动心理学研究领域,我国学者的研究关注点与国际同行一致。进一步的文献分析表明,当前运动心理学领域的研究呈现出以下特点及趋势:第一,在锻炼行为的心理机制及行为促进领域,计划行为理论及自我决定理论仍为研究主流;此外,研究者也开始关注锻炼图式、锻炼身份认同等对锻炼行为及锻炼坚持的影响;第二,越来越多的研究开始重视情绪情感体验对锻炼行为及锻炼坚持的影响,认为锻炼行为不仅依赖于理性决策的驱动和维持,内隐动机、内隐认知、及锻炼习惯等"非理性"成分也对其产生重要影响;第三,研究者日益关注锻炼对特殊人群的心理效益。如老年人、孕期妇女、低社会经济地位人群;同时,也关注身体活动/锻炼对疾病康复或精神障碍的辅助疗效。如癌症生存者、注意缺陷多动障碍儿童、多发性硬化症及药物成瘾者;第四,锻炼对认知功能的影响及机制是心理效益研究的热点主题;而且,除长时有氧运动方案外,一些研究也开始关注急性有氧运动的心理效益,尤以认知功能效益为热点;第五,研究方法日趋综合,表现为质性与量化的整合研究范式日益被越来越多的研究采用;统计分析方法适切性提高,表现为结构方程模型,多变量分析的广泛应用,及一些其他学科的统计分析技术的引入,如医学领域的意向治疗分析(Intention-to-treat analysis),以更好地挖掘锻炼行为机制及客观评估锻炼干预的心理效益等。基于此,笔者认为,我国学者在未来的研究工作中,还需重视以下两方面的问题:1)与国际同行合作,开展跨文化研究,提升研究的文化适应力;2)重视身体活动/体育锻炼的心理效益的机制研究,重视对身体活动与心理效益关系中的中介变量或调节变量的研究。
This study reviewed empirical studies of Exercise Psychology published in five Sport Psychology International Journals and papers of Chinese scholars in recent five years(2010-2014). Result showed psychological benefits of physical activity and physical activity behavior promotion are two most popular subfields in Exercise Psychology. In Sports Psychology International Journals and Chinese scholars' papers, the percentage of psychological benefits researches was 25.0% and 34.7% respectively, and the percentage of behavior promotion studies was 51.0% and 54.1% respectively. The literature review suggested: First, two of the most popular theories are the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB) and Self-Determination Theory(SDT) in investigating key factors to explain physical activity and behavior promotion. Moreover, influences of exercise schema, exercise identity and other potential predictors have drawn attention of researchers. Second, some attempts have been made to understand the influence of emotion and affection on exercise behavior and adherence. Researchers have realized that physical behavior is not only determined by deliberate thoughts and attitudes, but also be influenced by non-rational processes such as implicit motivation, implicit cognition, habit of exercise and so on. Third, more and more researches have focused on effects of physical activity in special populations such as older adults, women in pregnancy and low social-economic persons. Fourth, researchers have begun to study whether physical activity is the effective way to promote disease rehabilitation or as supplementary therapy to mental disorders, including cancer survivors, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children, multiple sclerosis patients, and drug addicts. Fifth, effects on cognitive function of physical activity are most hot topic in recent years. And some studies investigated psychological benefits especially cognitive function after a bout of acute physical activity as an alternative to long time physical activity. Sixth, more and more researches integrated different methods such as quantitative and qualitative methods in their research; In addition, multivariate analysis, structure equation model, and Intention-to-treat analysis(ITT) were used more frequently in order to investigate psychology mechanism of exercise behavior or evaluate the effects of physical activity. In future studies, Chinese scholars should be encouraged in the two aspects as follows: 1) carrying on more cross-culture investigations through collaboration of peers in order to promote research culture adaptation; 2) paying more attention to mechanism underlying psychological benefits of physical activity and influences of mediator and moderator in relationship of physical activity and psychological benefits.
This study reviewed empirical studies of Exercise Psychology published in five Sport Psychology International Journals and papers of Chinese scholars in recent five years(2010-2014). Result showed psychological benefits of physical activity and physical activity behavior promotion are two most popular subfields in Exercise Psychology. In Sports Psychology International Journals and Chinese scholars' papers, the percentage of psychological benefits researches was 25.0% and 34.7% respectively, and the percentage of behavior promotion studies was 51.0% and 54.1% respectively. The literature review suggested: First, two of the most popular theories are the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB) and Self-Determination Theory(SDT) in investigating key factors to explain physical activity and behavior promotion. Moreover, influences of exercise schema, exercise identity and other potential predictors have drawn attention of researchers. Second, some attempts have been made to understand the influence of emotion and affection on exercise behavior and adherence. Researchers have realized that physical behavior is not only determined by deliberate thoughts and attitudes, but also be influenced by non-rational processes such as implicit motivation, implicit cognition, habit of exercise and so on. Third, more and more researches have focused on effects of physical activity in special populations such as older adults, women in pregnancy and low social-economic persons. Fourth, researchers have begun to study whether physical activity is the effective way to promote disease rehabilitation or as supplementary therapy to mental disorders, including cancer survivors, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children, multiple sclerosis patients, and drug addicts. Fifth, effects on cognitive function of physical activity are most hot topic in recent years. And some studies investigated psychological benefits especially cognitive function after a bout of acute physical activity as an alternative to long time physical activity. Sixth, more and more researches integrated different methods such as quantitative and qualitative methods in their research; In addition, multivariate analysis, structure equation model, and Intention-to-treat analysis(ITT) were used more frequently in order to investigate psychology mechanism of exercise behavior or evaluate the effects of physical activity. In future studies, Chinese scholars should be encouraged in the two aspects as follows: 1) carrying on more cross-culture investigations through collaboration of peers in order to promote research culture adaptation; 2) paying more attention to mechanism underlying psychological benefits of physical activity and influences of mediator and moderator in relationship of physical activity and psychological benefits.
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