北京春季PM2.5和PM10污染水平及影响因素研究
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- 英文论文题名：Study on Degree of PM2.5 and PM10 Pollution in Spring in Beijing and Influencing Factors
- 论文作者：鲁绍伟 ; 陈波 ; 李少宁
- 英文论文作者：Lu Shaowei ; Chen Bo ; Li shaoning ; Institute of Forestry and Pomology ; Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science ; Collabrative Innovation Center for Forestry and Pomology Eco-environmental Function Improvement
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所;林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心;
- 论文关键词：北京 ; PM2.5 ; PM10 ; 污染特征 ; 影响因素
- 英文论文关键词：Beijing ; PM2.5 ; PM10 ; pollution characteristics ; effect factors
- 会议召开时间：2015-09-01
- 会议录名称：2015海峡两岸水土保持学术研讨会论文集（下）
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of Cross-strait Symposium on Soil and Water Conservation 2015
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：X513
- 学会代码：OGSJ
- 会议名称：2015海峡两岸水土保持学术研讨会
- 会议地点：中国山西太原
- 主办单位：中国水土保持学会、台湾中华水土保持学会
- 学会名称：中国水土保持学会
- 页数：9
- 文件大小：2711k
- 原文格式：O
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
本文以2013年3月份北京市环境监测中心公布数据为依据,对4个(东城天坛、西直门北大街、昌平镇、京西北八达岭)不同采样点PM2.5和PM10的浓度水平、空间分布、PM10/PM2.5比值和空气质量分指数进行分析,并讨论了PM2.5和PM10的日变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:北京市3月份PM2.5和PM10月日均浓度为109.45±67.81μg·m~(-3)和131.94±61.07μg·m~(-3),分别为国家二级标准的1.46倍和0.88倍,PM2.5和PM10日平均超标率为45.94%和4.87%;PM2.5和PM10的日变化以白天高,夜间低为主,基本呈现双峰型特征;PM2.5和PM10排序均为交通污染控制点>郊区环境评价点>城市环境评价点>对照点及城区点,PM2.5/PM10的比值排序为京西北八达岭(107.59%)>东城天坛(84.87%)>昌平镇(84.79%)>西直门北大街(67.80%);PM2.5和PM10与温度呈正相关关系,温度对PM10的影响更显著,PM2.5和PM10浓度变化与相对湿度和风速呈负相关关系,风速主要清除细粒子,对PM10的影响则较小;PM2.5空气质量指数在110.01到126.19之间,属于三级轻度污染,PM10空气质量分指数为68.75~96.82,属二级良,交通污染控制点的空气质量最差,对照点及城区点空气质量较高。综合来看,北京市PM2.5和PM10污染不容忽视。
Based on the data released by Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center in March 2013,the paper conducts analysis on the concentration level and spatial distribution of PM2.5 and PM10 as well as the PM2.5/PM10 ratio and individual air quality index in four sampling points(Temple of Heaven in east city,Xizhimen Beidajie Street,Changping Town and Badaling Great Wall in northwest Beijing) and discusses daily variation characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 and the influencing factors.Results show that the monthly and daily average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in March in Beijing was 109.45±67.81μg · m~(-3) and 131.94±61.07μg · m~(-3) respectively,1.46 and 0.88 times of the national secondary standard.The daily average over standard rate of PM2.5 and PM10 was 45.94% and 4.87%.The daily variations of PM2.5 and PM10 were characterized by high concentration in the daytime and low concentration in the nighttime,which basically presented bimodal pattern.The PM2.5 and PM10 were always sorted as traffic pollution control point >suburban environment evaluation point > urban environment evaluation point > control point and urban point.The ratio of PM2.5 /PM10 was Badaling Great Wall in northwest Beijing(107.59%) > Temple of Heaven in east city(84.87%)> Changping Town(84.79%) > Xizhimen Beidajie Street(67.80%).PM2.5 and PM10 were positively correlated with temperature but PM10 was more sensitive to temperature.The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were negatively correlated with relative humidity and wind speed,but wind speed has smaller influence on PM10 as wind mainly removes fine articles.The PM2.5 air quality index was between 110.01 and 126.19,equal to Level-3 light pollution,while the PM10 air quality index was between 68.75 and 96.82,equal to Level-2 good.The air quality in the traffic pollution control point was the worst and the control point and urban point have better air quality.Taken together,the PM2.5 and PM10 pollution in Beijing shall not be overlooked.
Based on the data released by Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center in March 2013,the paper conducts analysis on the concentration level and spatial distribution of PM2.5 and PM10 as well as the PM2.5/PM10 ratio and individual air quality index in four sampling points(Temple of Heaven in east city,Xizhimen Beidajie Street,Changping Town and Badaling Great Wall in northwest Beijing) and discusses daily variation characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 and the influencing factors.Results show that the monthly and daily average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in March in Beijing was 109.45±67.81μg · m~(-3) and 131.94±61.07μg · m~(-3) respectively,1.46 and 0.88 times of the national secondary standard.The daily average over standard rate of PM2.5 and PM10 was 45.94% and 4.87%.The daily variations of PM2.5 and PM10 were characterized by high concentration in the daytime and low concentration in the nighttime,which basically presented bimodal pattern.The PM2.5 and PM10 were always sorted as traffic pollution control point >suburban environment evaluation point > urban environment evaluation point > control point and urban point.The ratio of PM2.5 /PM10 was Badaling Great Wall in northwest Beijing(107.59%) > Temple of Heaven in east city(84.87%)> Changping Town(84.79%) > Xizhimen Beidajie Street(67.80%).PM2.5 and PM10 were positively correlated with temperature but PM10 was more sensitive to temperature.The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were negatively correlated with relative humidity and wind speed,but wind speed has smaller influence on PM10 as wind mainly removes fine articles.The PM2.5 air quality index was between 110.01 and 126.19,equal to Level-3 light pollution,while the PM10 air quality index was between 68.75 and 96.82,equal to Level-2 good.The air quality in the traffic pollution control point was the worst and the control point and urban point have better air quality.Taken together,the PM2.5 and PM10 pollution in Beijing shall not be overlooked.
引文
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[33]Chao CY,Wong KK,Cheng EC.Size distribution of indoor particulate matter in 60 homes in Hong Kong.Indoor and Built Environment,2002,11:18-26.
[34]吴志萍,王成,侯晓静,等.6种城市绿地空气PM2.5浓度变化规律的研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2008,35(4):494-498.
[2]Zhang,D.,Y.Iwasaka.Nitrate and sulfate in individual Asian dust-storm particles in Beijing,China in Spring of 1995 and 1996[J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(19):3213-3223.
[3]宋宇,唐孝炎,方晨,张远航,等.北京市大气细粒子的来源分析[J].环境科学,2002,23(6):11-16.
[4]张仁健,王明星,胡非,等.采暖期前和采暖期北京大气颗粒物的化学成分研究[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2002,19(1):75-81.
[5]盛立芳,郭志刚,高会旺,等.渤海大气气溶胶元素组成及物源分析[J].中国环境监测,2005,21(01):16-21.
[6]高金和,王玮,杜渐,等.厦门春季气溶胶特征初探[J].环境科学研究,1996,9(5):33-37.
[7]Charlson RJ,Schwartz SE,Hales JM,et al.Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols[J].Sciences,1992,255(5043):423-430.
[8]Myhre G.Consistency between satellite—derived and modeled estimates of the direct aerosol effect[J].Science,2009,325;187-190.
[9]Chameides WL,Yu H,Liu SC,et al.Case study of the effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze on agriculture:an opportunity to enhance crop yields in China through emission controls[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1999,96(24);13626-13633.
[10]World Health Organization.WHO Air Quality Guide lines for Particulate Matter,Ozone,Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide-Global Update2005-Summary of Risk Assessment[EB/OL].(20050405)[20120508].http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2006/WHO_SDE_PHE_OEH_06.02_eng.
[11]Stone E,Schauer J,Quraishi TA,et al.Chemical characterization and source apportionment of fine and coarse particulate matter in Lahore,Pakistan[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44:1062-1070.
[12]Thurston GD,Ito K,Lall R.A source apportionment of U.S.fine particulate matter air pollution[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45;3924-3936.
[13]孙颖,潘月鹏,李杏茹,等.京津冀典型城市大气颗粒物化学成分同步观测研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(9):2732-2740.
[14]刘子锐,孙扬,李亮,等.2008奥运和后奥运时段北京大气颗粒物质量浓度和数浓度比对研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(4):914-923.
[15]王姣,王效科,张红星,等.北京市城区两个典型站点PM2.5浓度和元素组成差异研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):74-80.
[16]Tallis M,Taylor G,Sinnett D,et al.Estimating the removal of atmospheric particulate pollution by the urban tree canopy of London,under current and future environments[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2011,103:129-138.
[17]欧阳松华.PM2.5在线监测技术概述[J].中国环保产业,2012,(4):14-18.
[18]宋宇,唐孝炎,张远航,等.夏季持续高温天气对北京市大气细粒子(PM2.5)的影响[J].环境科学,2002,23(4):33-36.
[19]王华,鲁绍伟,李少宁,等.可吸入颗粒物和细颗粒物基本特征、监测方法及森林调控功能[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(3):861-868.
[20]刘大锰,马永胜,高少鹏,等.北京市区春季燃烧源大气颗粒物的污染水平和影响因素[J].现代地质,2005,19(4):627-633.
[21]董雪玲,刘大锰,袁杨森,等.北京市2005年夏季大气颗粒物污染特征及影响因素[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(9):100-105.
[22]Sun Y,Zhuang G,Wang Y,et al.The air borne particulate pollution in Beijing concentration,composition,distribution and sources[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38:5991-6004.
[23]Noble CA,Mukerjee S,Gonzales M,et al.Continuous measurement of fine and ultrafine particulate matter,criteria pollutants and meteorological conditions in urban El Paso,Texas[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37;827—840.
[24]徐宏辉.北京及周边地区大气气溶胶的质量浓度和无机组分的特征及其来源研究[D].北京:中国科学院大气物理研究所,2007:7.
[25]Khan MF,Shirasuna Y,Hirano K,et al.Characterization of PM_(2.5),PM_(2.5-10)and PM_(>10)in ambient air,Yokohama,Japan.Atmospheric Research,2010,96;159-172.
[26]任启文,王成,郄光发,等.城市绿地空气颗粒物及其与空气微生物的关系[J].城市环境与城市生态,2006,19(5):22-25.
[27]He K,Yang F,Ma Y,et al.The characteristics of PM2.5 in Beijing,China.Atmospheric Environment J].2001,35:4959-4970.
[28]李铁柱.城市交通大气环境影响评价及预测技术研究[D].南京:东南大学,2001:1.
[29]伊丽米热.阿布达力木,迪丽努尔.塔力甫,阿布力孜·伊米提,等.乌鲁木齐市大气可吸入颗粒物浓度与气象因素的相关性研究[J].新疆大学学报(自然科学版),2012,29(1):94-99.
[30]陈慧娟,刘君峰,张静玉,等.广州市PM2.5和PM1.0质量浓度变化特征[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(10):87-91.
[31]Kim KH,Kim MY,Hong SM,et al.The effects of wind speed on the relative relationships between different sized-fractions of airborne particles[J].Chemosphere,2005,59:929-937.
[32]Beckett KP,Freer Smith PH,Taylor G.Particulate pollution capture by urban trees;Effect of species and windspeed.Global Change Biology,2000,6:995-1003.
[33]Chao CY,Wong KK,Cheng EC.Size distribution of indoor particulate matter in 60 homes in Hong Kong.Indoor and Built Environment,2002,11:18-26.
[34]吴志萍,王成,侯晓静,等.6种城市绿地空气PM2.5浓度变化规律的研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2008,35(4):494-498.
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