烟秆生物炭热解温度优化及理化性质分析
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- 英文论文题名：Pyrolysistemperatures optimization and physicochemical characterization of biocharspyrolyzed from tobacco stalk
- 论文作者：杨兴 ; 黄化刚 ; 王玲 ; 申燕 ; 陆扣萍 ; 韩学博 ; 王海龙
- 英文论文作者：YANG Xing ; HUANG Huagang ; WANG Ling ; SHEN Yan ; LU Kouping ; HAN Xuebo ; WANG Hailong ; Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province ; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province ; School of Environmental and Resource Sciences ; Zhejiang A &F University ; Postdoctoral Crops Research Center ; Henan Agricultural University
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司;浙江农林大学环境与资源学院浙江省土壤污染生物修复重点实验室;河南农业大学作物学博士后流动站;
- 论文关键词：生物质炭 ; 热解温度 ; 理化特征
- 英文论文关键词：tobacco stalk ; biochar ; pyrolysis temperature ; physicochemical characteristics
- 会议召开时间：2016-12-01
- 会议录名称：中国烟草学会2016年度优秀论文汇编——烟草农业主题
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：TK6;X712
- 学会代码：ZGYG
- 学会名称：中国烟草学会
- 页数：17
- 文件大小：1463k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
为了解热解温度对烟秆生物质炭物理和化学特征的影响,将烟秆分别在350℃、400℃、450℃、500℃、550℃和600℃条件下热解制备生物质炭,测定烟秆生物质炭的产率、pH值、电导率和比表面积等基本特征,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和~(13)C核磁共振(NMR)等方法分析烟秆生物质炭的成分及结构特征。结果表明:烟秆生物质炭的得率、O含量、H含量和H/C、O/C、(O+N)/H原子比均随热解温度的提高逐渐降低,而pH值、电导率、比表面积和C含量等指标随热解温度提高逐渐增大。得率和pH值在大于500℃时趋于稳定,比表面积和p H值在450℃时均达最大(8.86 m~2/g和9.98)。此外,随着热解温度的提高,烟秆生物质炭表面的含氧官能团明显减少,矿质元素和表面晶体含量逐渐增大。烟秆生物质炭中K、Al、Ca元素含量较高,分别为28.46~35.47、16.95~35.86和13.15~24.95 g/kg。生物质炭的稳定性和芳香化程度随热解温度升高而提高,而整体极性逐渐降低。综合分析,在450℃制备的烟秆生物质炭对农业生产和生态环境的预期效果最好。该研究结果可以为烟秆的资源化利用和烟秆生物质炭在农业生产和生态环境方面的推广利用提供理论依据和技术支持。
Tobacco(Nicotianatabacum L.) is an important commercial crop produced in China.Tobaccostalkswere generally burntin the field after the leaves were harvested, which causes severe air pollution. The utilization of tobacco stalk has become an increasingly challenging issue intobacco production. Conversion of tobacco stalk into biochar may provide a feasible approachfor its utilization. Biochar is a carbonaceous solid pyrolyzed from agricultural and forest residual biomass. Itcan be used as soil amendment due to its favorable properties, such as high p H value and cation exchange capacity,O-containing function groups, as well as a microporous structure. Previous studies demonstrated that biochar can be used for remediation ofsoils contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. Moreover, biochar has the potential to enhance the long-term soil organic carbon sequestration, improve soil structure and water retention, promotenutrient availability and retention,ultimately promote plant growthand increase crop yield. The environmental behavior and effect of biochar mainly depend on its physical and chemical properties, and the pyrolysis temperature is the main factor affecting the physical and chemical characteristics of biochar. To understand the influence of pyrolysis temperature on the physical and chemical properties of biochars, the tobacco stalk were pyrolyzedat 350, 400, 450,500,550, 600 ℃ and subsequently the properties of biocharssuch as yield, p H value, electrical conductivity and surface area were determined. The composition and structure characteristics of biochars were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and 13C-NMR analyses. The results showed that the yield, content of O and H as well as the H/C,O/C,(O+N)/H ratiosof the biochars decreased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. However, the p H value, electrical conductivity, surface area and total carbon content of biochars increased as the pyrolysis temperature increased. The yield and p H value of biochar tended to be stable above 500 ℃, the surface area and p H value peaked at 450℃.The content of mineral elements and surface crystal increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, whereas the content of oxygen-containing functional groups decreased with the increase of temperature. Concentrations of K, Al and Ca were 28.46-35.47, 16.95-35.86 and 13.15-24.95 g/kg, respectively. The stability and aromaticity of biochar increased but its polarity decreased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. Overall, the tobacco stalk biocharpyrolyzed at 450 ℃ could achieve the optimal benefits for agricultural production and environmental protection. The results can provide useful theoretical guidance and technological support for the recycle and utilization of tobacco stalk, and the application of tobacco stalk biochar in agricultural production and environmental protection.
Tobacco(Nicotianatabacum L.) is an important commercial crop produced in China.Tobaccostalkswere generally burntin the field after the leaves were harvested, which causes severe air pollution. The utilization of tobacco stalk has become an increasingly challenging issue intobacco production. Conversion of tobacco stalk into biochar may provide a feasible approachfor its utilization. Biochar is a carbonaceous solid pyrolyzed from agricultural and forest residual biomass. Itcan be used as soil amendment due to its favorable properties, such as high p H value and cation exchange capacity,O-containing function groups, as well as a microporous structure. Previous studies demonstrated that biochar can be used for remediation ofsoils contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. Moreover, biochar has the potential to enhance the long-term soil organic carbon sequestration, improve soil structure and water retention, promotenutrient availability and retention,ultimately promote plant growthand increase crop yield. The environmental behavior and effect of biochar mainly depend on its physical and chemical properties, and the pyrolysis temperature is the main factor affecting the physical and chemical characteristics of biochar. To understand the influence of pyrolysis temperature on the physical and chemical properties of biochars, the tobacco stalk were pyrolyzedat 350, 400, 450,500,550, 600 ℃ and subsequently the properties of biocharssuch as yield, p H value, electrical conductivity and surface area were determined. The composition and structure characteristics of biochars were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and 13C-NMR analyses. The results showed that the yield, content of O and H as well as the H/C,O/C,(O+N)/H ratiosof the biochars decreased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. However, the p H value, electrical conductivity, surface area and total carbon content of biochars increased as the pyrolysis temperature increased. The yield and p H value of biochar tended to be stable above 500 ℃, the surface area and p H value peaked at 450℃.The content of mineral elements and surface crystal increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, whereas the content of oxygen-containing functional groups decreased with the increase of temperature. Concentrations of K, Al and Ca were 28.46-35.47, 16.95-35.86 and 13.15-24.95 g/kg, respectively. The stability and aromaticity of biochar increased but its polarity decreased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. Overall, the tobacco stalk biocharpyrolyzed at 450 ℃ could achieve the optimal benefits for agricultural production and environmental protection. The results can provide useful theoretical guidance and technological support for the recycle and utilization of tobacco stalk, and the application of tobacco stalk biochar in agricultural production and environmental protection.
引文
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[2]王敏.废次烟草中有效成分的综合利用.中国资源综合利用,2003(2):16-18.Wang Min.Comprehensive utilization of effective constituent in abandoned tobacco.China Resources Comprehensive Utilization,2003(2):16-18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]刘超,翟欣,许自成,等.关于烟秆资源化利用的研究进展.江西农业学报,2013,25(12):116-119.Liu Chao,Zhai Xin,Xu Zicheng,et al.Research advance in resource utilization of tobacco stalk.Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2013,25(12):116-119.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]Yang X,Liu J J,Mc Grouther K,et al.Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavymetals(Cd,Cu,Pb,and Zn)and enzyme activity in soil.Environment Science and Pollution Research,2015,DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-4233-0.
[5]Spokas KA,Novak JM,Venterea RT.Biochar's role as an alternative N-fertilizer:Ammonia capture.Plant and Soil,2012,350:35-42.
[6]Zhang X K,Wang H L,He L Z,et al.Using biochar for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants.Environment Science and Pollution Research,2013(20):8472-8483.
[7]袁金华,徐仁扣.生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展.生态环境学报,2011,20(4):779-785.Yuan Jinhua,Xu Renkou.Progress of the research on the properties of biochars and their influence on soil environmental functions.Ecology and Environmental Science,2011,20(4):779-785.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Asai H,Samson BK,Stephan HM,et al.Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos 1.Soil physical properties,leaf SPAD and grain yield.Field Crops Research,2009(111):81-84.
[9]Lu K P,Yang X,Shen J J,et al.Effect of bamboo and rice straw biochars on the bioavailability of Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn to Sedum plumbizincicola.Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2014(191):124-132.
[10]Lehmann J,Gaunt J,Rondon M.Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems–a review.Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2006,11(2):395-419.
[11]龚亚琴,尹力初,舒荣波,等.不同生物黑炭对烤烟生长及养分吸收的影响.湖南农业科学,2012(14):20-21.Gong Yaqin,Yin Lichu,Shu Rongbo,et al.Effect of different biochars on the growth and nutrient uptake of tobacco.Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2012(14):20-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]王晋,庄舜尧,曹志洪,等.不同原料生物炭对水稻幼苗发育的影响评估.安徽农业科学,2014,42(22):7360-7362,7364.Wang Jin,Zhuang Shunyao,Cao Zhihong,et al.Evaluation of effects of different biochars on the growth of rice seedlings.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(22):7360-7362,7364.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Ma?ek O,Brownsort P,Cross A,et al.Influence of production conditions on the yield and environmental stability of biochar.Fuel,2013(103):151-155.
[14]Wu W X,Yang M,Feng Q B,et al.Chemical characterization of rice straw-derived biochar for soil amendment.Biomass and Bioenergy,2012(47):268-276.
[15]罗煜,赵立欣,孟海波,等.不同温度下热裂解芒草生物质炭的理化特征分析.农业工程学报,2013,29(13):208-217.Luo Yu,Zhao Lixin,Meng Haibo,et al.Physio-chemical characterization of biochars pyrolyzed from miscanthus undertwo different temperatures.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(13):208-217.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]王立华,林琦.热解温度对畜禽粪便制备的生物质炭性质的影响.浙江大学学报:理学版,2014,41(2):185-190.Wang Lihua,Lin Qi.Characterization of poultry and swine manure-derived biochar as affected by pyrolysis temperature.Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2014,41(2):185-190.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]许燕萍,谢祖彬,朱建国,等.制炭温度对玉米和小麦生物质炭理化性质的影响.土壤,2013,45(1):73-78.Xu Yanping,Xie Zubin,Zhu Jianguo,et al.Effects of pyrolysis temperature on physical and chemicalproperties of corn biochar and wheat biochar.Soils,2013,45(1):73-78.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]姚红宇,唐光木,葛春辉,等.炭化温度和时间与棉杆炭特性及元素组成的相关关系.农业工程学报,2013,29(7),199-205.Yao Hongyu,Tang Guangmu,Ge Chunhui,et al.Characteristics and elementary composition of cotton stalk-char indifferent carbonization temperature and time.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(7):199-205.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]Carignan R,Tessier A.The co-diagenesis of sulfur and iron in acid lake sediments of southwestern Québec.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1988,52(5):1179-1188.
[20]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000:167-168.LU Ru-kun.Soil and agro-chemical analytical methods.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000:167-168..
[21]Uchimiya M,Wartelle LH,Klasson KT,et al.Influence of pyrolysis temperature on biochar property and function as a heavy metal sorbent in soil.Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry,2011,59(6):2501-2510.
[22]Williams P T,Besler S.The influence of temperature and heating rate on the slow pyrolysis of biomass.Renewable Energy,1996,7(3):233-250.
[23]尹云锋,张鹏,雷海迪,等.不同热解温度对生物质炭化学性质的影响.热带作物学报,2014,35(8):1496-1500.Yin Yunfeng,Zhang Peng,Lei Haidi,et al.Influence of different pyrolysis temperature onchemical properties of biochar.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2014,35(8):1496-1500.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]徐义亮.生物碳的制备热动力学特性及其对镉的吸附性能和机理.浙江大学,2013:11-12,30-32.Xu Yiliang.Thermodynamic properties of biochar preparation and sorption characteristics and mechanisms of cadmium onto biochars.Zhejiang University,2013:11-12,30-32.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]Bergeron SP,Bradley RL,Munson A,et al.Physico-chemical and functional characteristics of soil charcoal produced at five different temperatures.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,58:140-146.
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