The study on the bio-function of Histone methyltransferase ash1 in Aspergillus flavus
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- 英文论文题名：The study on the bio-function of Histone methyltransferase ash1 in Aspergillus flavus
- 论文作者：Zhuang Zhenhong ; Li Yu ; Wang Xiuna ; Gao Yuanyuan ; Li Xing ; Hu Yule ; Nie Xinyi ; Wang Shihua
- 英文论文作者：Zhuang Zhenhong ; Li Yu ; Wang Xiuna ; Gao Yuanyuan ; Li Xing ; Hu Yule ; Nie Xinyi ; Wang Shihua ; Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province ; and School of Life Sciences ; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University ; School of Life Sciences ; Fujian Normal University
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province,and School of Life Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University;School of Life Sciences,Fujian Normal University;
- 英文论文关键词：Histone methyltransferase ; ash1 gene ; Aspergillus flavus
- 会议召开时间：2016-08-19
- 会议录名称：中国菌物学会2016年学术年会论文摘要集
- 英文会议录名称：Abstracts of 2016 Mycological Society of China Annual Meeting
- 语种：英文
- 分类号：Q93
- 学会代码：ZGVL
- 会议名称：中国菌物学会2016年学术年会
- 会议地点：中国福建福州
- 主办单位：中国菌物学会
- 学会名称：中国菌物学会
- 页数：4
- 文件大小：429k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
The study aimed at elucidation the bio-function of an epigenetic regulator-ash1 gene in A.flavus.The ash1 gene deletion strain(Δash1) and ash1 Complementation strain(Com-ash1) were constructed by homologous recombination in the study.It was found in morphology analysis that conidial production in the Δash1 strain was increased compared to Com-ash1 and WT strains.By Q-PCR analysis,it was found that ash1 gene depressed conidial production by conidia development regulator genes:aba A and brl A.On YPD medium,the flavus colonies were significantly smaller than those of WT and com-ash1 strains when ash1 gene was deleted,and ash1 gene was found involved in sclerotia development.It showed ash1 gene deletion significantly affect the development of sclerotia in 6 d culture,none sclerotia was found in Δash1 strain compare to Com-ash1 and WT strains.By Q-PCR test,The results showed ash1 gene regulate sclerotia formation through sclerotia regulators:nsd C and nsd D.In secondary metabolites bio-synthesis analysis by TLC and HPLC analysis,it was found that Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) expression level was dramatically down-regulated when ash1 gene was deleted.Q-PCR analysis revealed ash1 gene regulator the secondary metabolites of A.flavus by AFB1 bio-synthesis regulators afl R and afl S,and by AFB1 bio-synthesis related enzymes:afl C,afl D,afl K,and afl Q.It also found ash1 gene could shape the expression spectrum of the secondary metabolites of A.flavus by HPLC analysis with ultraviolet full wavelength scanning.It was found that a significant peak near 15 min disappear from Δash1 strains compared to WT strain at 254 nm.In peanut and corn invasion analysis,the AFB1 bio-synthesis and the conidia producing capacity of A.flavus was significantly down-regulated when ash1 gene was deleted,which suggested ash1 gene is required in the process of mycotoxin contamination and offspring transmission of A.flavus among crops.In animal invasion model,lethality of A.flavus to silkworm and Kunming mice were significantly down-regulated when ash1 gene was knockout.The study showed that Epigenetic regulation-histone lysine methylation transferase Ash1 play an critical role in morphogenesis,secondary metabolites bio-synthesis,and pathogenicity of A.flavus.And more attention should be paid on the role of histone methylation transferases on fungal development,secondary metabolism,and even pathogenicity.
The study aimed at elucidation the bio-function of an epigenetic regulator-ash1 gene in A.flavus.The ash1 gene deletion strain(Δash1) and ash1 Complementation strain(Com-ash1) were constructed by homologous recombination in the study.It was found in morphology analysis that conidial production in the Δash1 strain was increased compared to Com-ash1 and WT strains.By Q-PCR analysis,it was found that ash1 gene depressed conidial production by conidia development regulator genes:aba A and brl A.On YPD medium,the flavus colonies were significantly smaller than those of WT and com-ash1 strains when ash1 gene was deleted,and ash1 gene was found involved in sclerotia development.It showed ash1 gene deletion significantly affect the development of sclerotia in 6 d culture,none sclerotia was found in Δash1 strain compare to Com-ash1 and WT strains.By Q-PCR test,The results showed ash1 gene regulate sclerotia formation through sclerotia regulators:nsd C and nsd D.In secondary metabolites bio-synthesis analysis by TLC and HPLC analysis,it was found that Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) expression level was dramatically down-regulated when ash1 gene was deleted.Q-PCR analysis revealed ash1 gene regulator the secondary metabolites of A.flavus by AFB1 bio-synthesis regulators afl R and afl S,and by AFB1 bio-synthesis related enzymes:afl C,afl D,afl K,and afl Q.It also found ash1 gene could shape the expression spectrum of the secondary metabolites of A.flavus by HPLC analysis with ultraviolet full wavelength scanning.It was found that a significant peak near 15 min disappear from Δash1 strains compared to WT strain at 254 nm.In peanut and corn invasion analysis,the AFB1 bio-synthesis and the conidia producing capacity of A.flavus was significantly down-regulated when ash1 gene was deleted,which suggested ash1 gene is required in the process of mycotoxin contamination and offspring transmission of A.flavus among crops.In animal invasion model,lethality of A.flavus to silkworm and Kunming mice were significantly down-regulated when ash1 gene was knockout.The study showed that Epigenetic regulation-histone lysine methylation transferase Ash1 play an critical role in morphogenesis,secondary metabolites bio-synthesis,and pathogenicity of A.flavus.And more attention should be paid on the role of histone methylation transferases on fungal development,secondary metabolism,and even pathogenicity.
The study aimed at elucidation the bio-function of an epigenetic regulator-ash1 gene in A.flavus.The ash1 gene deletion strain(Δash1) and ash1 Complementation strain(Com-ash1) were constructed by homologous recombination in the study.It was found in morphology analysis that conidial production in the Δash1 strain was increased compared to Com-ash1 and WT strains.By Q-PCR analysis,it was found that ash1 gene depressed conidial production by conidia development regulator genes:aba A and brl A.On YPD medium,the flavus colonies were significantly smaller than those of WT and com-ash1 strains when ash1 gene was deleted,and ash1 gene was found involved in sclerotia development.It showed ash1 gene deletion significantly affect the development of sclerotia in 6 d culture,none sclerotia was found in Δash1 strain compare to Com-ash1 and WT strains.By Q-PCR test,The results showed ash1 gene regulate sclerotia formation through sclerotia regulators:nsd C and nsd D.In secondary metabolites bio-synthesis analysis by TLC and HPLC analysis,it was found that Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) expression level was dramatically down-regulated when ash1 gene was deleted.Q-PCR analysis revealed ash1 gene regulator the secondary metabolites of A.flavus by AFB1 bio-synthesis regulators afl R and afl S,and by AFB1 bio-synthesis related enzymes:afl C,afl D,afl K,and afl Q.It also found ash1 gene could shape the expression spectrum of the secondary metabolites of A.flavus by HPLC analysis with ultraviolet full wavelength scanning.It was found that a significant peak near 15 min disappear from Δash1 strains compared to WT strain at 254 nm.In peanut and corn invasion analysis,the AFB1 bio-synthesis and the conidia producing capacity of A.flavus was significantly down-regulated when ash1 gene was deleted,which suggested ash1 gene is required in the process of mycotoxin contamination and offspring transmission of A.flavus among crops.In animal invasion model,lethality of A.flavus to silkworm and Kunming mice were significantly down-regulated when ash1 gene was knockout.The study showed that Epigenetic regulation-histone lysine methylation transferase Ash1 play an critical role in morphogenesis,secondary metabolites bio-synthesis,and pathogenicity of A.flavus.And more attention should be paid on the role of histone methylation transferases on fungal development,secondary metabolism,and even pathogenicity.
引文
Atta H,El-Rehany M,Hammam O,Abdel-Ghany H,Ramzy M,Roderfeld M,Roeb E,Al-Hendy A,Raheim SA,Allam H,Marey H,2014.Mutant MMP-9 and HGF gene transfer enhance resolution of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats:role of ASH1 and EZH2 methyltransferases repression.PLo S One.Nov.7;9(11):e112384.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112384.e Collection 2014.
Bode AM,Dong Z,2005.Inducible covalent posttranslational modification of histone H3.Sci STKE.281:re4.
Brinkmeier ML,Geister KA,Jones M,Waqas M,Maillard I,Camper SA,2015.The Histone Methyltransferase Gene Absent,Small,or Homeotic Discs-1 Like Is Required for Normal Hox Gene Expression and Fertility in Mice.Biol Reprod.93(5):121.doi:10.1095/biolreprod.115.131516.Epub 2015 Sep 2.
Beisel C,Imhof A,Greene J,Kremmer E,Sauer F,2002.Histone methylation by the Drosophila epigenetic transcriptional regulator Ash1.Nature.419:857-862.
Brosch G,Loidl P,Graessle S,2008.Histonemodifcations and chromatin dynamics:a focus on flamentous fungi.FEMS Microbiol Rev.(32):409-439.
Byrd KN,Shearn A,2003.ASH1,a Drosophila trithorax group protein,is required for methylation of lysine 4 residues on histone H3.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.100(20):11535-11540.
Cary JW,Ehrlich KC,Bland JM,Montalbano BG,2005.The aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster gene,afl X,encodes an oxidoreductase involved in conversion of vesicolorin A to demethylsterigmatocystin.Appl Environ Microbiol.72,1096-1101.
Cary JW,Harris-Coward PY,Ehrlich KC,Mack BM,Kale SP,Larey C,Calvo AM,2012.Nsd C and Nsd D affect Aspergillus flavus morphogenesis and aflatoxin production.Eukaryot Cell.11(9):1104-1111.
Cao R,Zhang Y,2004.The functions of E(Z)/EZH2-mediated methylation of lysine 27 in histone H3.Curr Opin Genet Dev.14(2):155-164.
Dehghan P.,Bui T.,Campbell L.T.,Lai YW,Nai TD,Zaini F,Carter DA,2014.Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis of clinical isolates of Aspergillus flavus from Iran reveals the first cases of Aspergillus minisclerotigenes associated with human infection.BMC Infect Dis.14:358.
Dorighi KM,Tamkun JW,2013.The trithorax group proteins Kismet and ASH1 promote H3K36dimethylation to counteract Polycomb group repression in Drosophila.Development.140(20):4182-4192.
Grewal SI,Jia S,2007.Heterochromatin revisited.Nat Rev Genet.8(1):35-46.
Gregory GD,Vakoc CR,Rozovskaia T,Zheng X,Patel S,Nakamura T,Canaani E,Blobel GA,2007.Mammalian ASH1L is a histone methyltransferase that occupies the transcribed region of active genes.Mol Cell Biol.27:8466-8479.
Han S,Adams TH,2001.Complex control of the developmental regulatory locus brl A in Aspergillus nidulans.Mol Genet Genomics.266(2):260-270.
Jenuwein T,Allis CD,2001.Translating the histone code.Science.293(5532):1074-1080.
Kumpf R,Thorstensen T,Rahman MA,Heyman J,Nenseth HZ,Lammens T,Herrmann U,Swarup R,Veiseth SV,Emberland G,Bennett MJ,De Veylder L,Aalen RB,2014.The ASH1-RELATED3SET-domain protein controls cell division competence of the meristem and the quiescent center of the Arabidopsis primary root.Plant Physiol.166(2):632-643.
Li C,Guo S,Zhang M,Gao J,Guo Y.2015.DNA methylation and histone modification patterns during the late embryonic and early postnatal development of chickens.Poult Sci.94(4):706-721.
Liang G,Lin JC,Wei V,Yoo C,Cheng JC,Nguyen CT,Weisenberger DJ,Egger G,Takai D,Gonzales FA,Jones PA,2004.Distinct localization of histone H3 acetylation and H3-K4 methylation to the transcription start sites in the human genome.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.101(19):7357-7362.
Matthew M.Croken,Sheila C.Nardelli,Kami Kim,2012.Chromatin modifications,epigenetics,and how protozoan parasites regulate their lives.Trends Parasitol.28(5):202-213.
Mishima Y,Jayasinghe CD,Lu K,Otani J,Shirakawa M,Kawakami T,Kimura H,Hojo H,Carlton P,Tajima S,Suetake I,2015.Nucleosome compaction facilitates HP1γbinding to methylated H3K9.Nucleic Acids Res.43(21):10200-10212.
Matoba S,Liu Y,Lu F,Iwabuchi KA,Shen L,Inoue A,Zhang Y,2014.Embryonic development following somatic cell nuclear transfer impeded by persisting histone methylation.Cell.159(4):884-895.
Maurange C and Paro R,2002.A cellular memory module conveys epigenetic inheritance of hedgehog expression during Drosophila wing imaginal disc development.Genes Dev.16(20):2672-2683.
No JG,Choi MK,Kwon DJ,Yoo JG,Yang BC,Park JK,Kim DH,2015.Cell-free extract from porcine induced pluripotent stem cells can affect porcine somatic cell nuclear reprogramming.J Reprod Dev.61(2):90-98.
Perrone G,Susca A,Cozzi G,Ehrlich K,Varga J,Frisvad JC,Meijer M,Noonim P,Mahakarnchanakul W,Samson RA,2007.Biodiversity of Aspergillus species in some important agricultural products.Stud Mycol.59:53-66.
Perugorria MJ,Wilson CL,Zeybel M,Walsh M,Amin S,Robinson S,White SA,Burt AD,Oakley F,Tsukamoto H,Mann DA,Mann J,2012.Histone Methyltransferase Ash1 Orchestrates Fibrogenic Gene Transcription During Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation.Hepatology.56:1129-1139.
Strahl BD,Allis CD,2000.The language of covalent histone modifications.Nature.403(6765):41-45.
Santos-Rosa H,Caldas C,2005.Chromatin modifier enzymes,the histonecode and cancer.Eur JCancer.41(16):2381-2402.
Saxena S,Purushothaman S,Meghah V,Bhatti B,Poruri A,Meena Lakshmi MG,Sarath Babu N,Murthy CL,Mandal KK,Kumar A,Idris MM,2016.Role of Annexin gene and its regulation during zebrafish caudal fin regeneration.Wound Repair Regen.doi:10.1111/wrr.12429.[Epub ahead of print]
Steffen PA,Fonseca JP,G?nger C,Dworschak E,Kockmann T,Beisel C,Ringrose L,2013.Quantitative in vivo analysis of chromatin binding of Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins reveals retention of ASH1 on mitotic chromatin.Nucleic Acids Res.41(10):5235-5250.
Schuettengruber B,Ganapathi M,Leblanc B,Portoso M,Jaschek R,Tolhuis B,van Lohuizen M,Tanay A,Cavalli G,2009.Functional anatomy of polycomb and trithorax chromatin landscapes in Drosophila embryos.PLo S Biol.7(1):e13.doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000013.
Schuettengruber B.,Martinez A.M.,Iovino N.,Cavalli G,2011.Trithorax group proteins:switching genes on and keeping them active.Nat.Rev.Mol.Cell Biol.799-814.
Sepahvand A,Shams-Ghahfarokhi M,Allameh A,Jahanshiri Z,Jamali M,Razzaghi-Abyaneh M,2011.A survey on distribution and toxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus from indoor and outdoor hospital environments.Folia Microbiol.14:527-534.
Trojer P,Dangl M,Bauer I,Graessle S,Loidl P,Brosch G,2004.Histone methyltransferases in Aspergillus nidulans:evidence for a novel enzyme with a unique substrate specificity.Biochemistry.43(33):10834-10843.
Tanaka Y,Katagiri Z,Kawahashi K,Kioussis D,Kitajima S,2007.Trithorax-group protein ASH1 methylates histone H3 lysine 36.Gene.397(1-2):161-168.
Tanaka Y,Kawahashi K,Katagiri Z,Nakayama Y,Mahajan M,Kioussis D,2011.Dual Function of Histone H3 Lysine 36 Methyltransferase ASH1 in Regulation of Hox Gene Expression.PLo S One.6(11):e28171.Published online 2011 Nov 28.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028171.
Tripoulas N,La Jeunesse D,Gildea J,Shearn A,1996.The Drosophila ash1 gene product,which is localized at specific sites on polytene chromosomes,contains a SET domain and a PHDfinger.Genetics.143:913-928.
Tao L,Yu JH,2011.Aba A and Wet A govern distinct stages of Aspergillus fumigatus development.Microbiology.157(Pt 2):313-326.
Van Speybroeck L,2002.From epigenesis to epigenetics:the case of C.H.Waddington.Ann N Y Acad Sci.981:61-81.
Wiencke JK,Zheng S,Morrison Z,Yeh RF,2008.Differentially expressed genes are marked by histone3 lysine 9 trimethylation in human cancer cells.Oncogene.27(17):2412-2421.
Wang X,Wu F,Liu L,Liu X,Che Y,Keller NP,Guo L,Yin WB,2015.The b ZIP transcription factor Pf Zip A regulates secondary metabolism and oxidative stress response in the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici.Fungal Genet Biol.81:221-228.
Yu J,2012.Current Understanding on Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Future Perspective in Reducing Aflatoxin Contamination.Toxins(Basel).4(11):1024-1057.
Yi X,Jiang XJ,Li XY,Jiang DS,2015.Histone methyltransferases:novel targets for tumor and developmental defects.Am J Transl Res.7(11):2159-2175.
Yu J,Chang PK,Ehrlich KC,Cary JW,Bhatnagar D,Cleveland TE,Payne GA,Linz JE,Woloshuk CP,Bennett JW.2004.Clustered Pathway Genes in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis.Appl Environ Microbiol.70(3):1253-1262.
Yang KL,Liang LL,Ran FL,Liu YH,Li ZG,Lan HH,Gao PL,Zhuang ZH,Zhang F,Nie XY,Yirga SK,Wang SH,2016.The Dmt A methyltransferase contributes to Aspergillus flavus conidiation,sclerotial production,aflatoxin biosynthesis and virulence.Sci Rep.6:23259.doi:10.1038/srep23259.
Zhuang ZH,Lohmar JM,Satterlee T,Cary JW,Calvo AM,2016.The Master Transcription Factor mtf AGoverns Aflatoxin Production,Morphological Development and Pathogenicity in the Fungus Aspergillus flavus.Toxins(Basel).8(1).pii:E29.doi:10.3390/toxins 8010029.
Bode AM,Dong Z,2005.Inducible covalent posttranslational modification of histone H3.Sci STKE.281:re4.
Brinkmeier ML,Geister KA,Jones M,Waqas M,Maillard I,Camper SA,2015.The Histone Methyltransferase Gene Absent,Small,or Homeotic Discs-1 Like Is Required for Normal Hox Gene Expression and Fertility in Mice.Biol Reprod.93(5):121.doi:10.1095/biolreprod.115.131516.Epub 2015 Sep 2.
Beisel C,Imhof A,Greene J,Kremmer E,Sauer F,2002.Histone methylation by the Drosophila epigenetic transcriptional regulator Ash1.Nature.419:857-862.
Brosch G,Loidl P,Graessle S,2008.Histonemodifcations and chromatin dynamics:a focus on flamentous fungi.FEMS Microbiol Rev.(32):409-439.
Byrd KN,Shearn A,2003.ASH1,a Drosophila trithorax group protein,is required for methylation of lysine 4 residues on histone H3.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.100(20):11535-11540.
Cary JW,Ehrlich KC,Bland JM,Montalbano BG,2005.The aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster gene,afl X,encodes an oxidoreductase involved in conversion of vesicolorin A to demethylsterigmatocystin.Appl Environ Microbiol.72,1096-1101.
Cary JW,Harris-Coward PY,Ehrlich KC,Mack BM,Kale SP,Larey C,Calvo AM,2012.Nsd C and Nsd D affect Aspergillus flavus morphogenesis and aflatoxin production.Eukaryot Cell.11(9):1104-1111.
Cao R,Zhang Y,2004.The functions of E(Z)/EZH2-mediated methylation of lysine 27 in histone H3.Curr Opin Genet Dev.14(2):155-164.
Dehghan P.,Bui T.,Campbell L.T.,Lai YW,Nai TD,Zaini F,Carter DA,2014.Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis of clinical isolates of Aspergillus flavus from Iran reveals the first cases of Aspergillus minisclerotigenes associated with human infection.BMC Infect Dis.14:358.
Dorighi KM,Tamkun JW,2013.The trithorax group proteins Kismet and ASH1 promote H3K36dimethylation to counteract Polycomb group repression in Drosophila.Development.140(20):4182-4192.
Grewal SI,Jia S,2007.Heterochromatin revisited.Nat Rev Genet.8(1):35-46.
Gregory GD,Vakoc CR,Rozovskaia T,Zheng X,Patel S,Nakamura T,Canaani E,Blobel GA,2007.Mammalian ASH1L is a histone methyltransferase that occupies the transcribed region of active genes.Mol Cell Biol.27:8466-8479.
Han S,Adams TH,2001.Complex control of the developmental regulatory locus brl A in Aspergillus nidulans.Mol Genet Genomics.266(2):260-270.
Jenuwein T,Allis CD,2001.Translating the histone code.Science.293(5532):1074-1080.
Kumpf R,Thorstensen T,Rahman MA,Heyman J,Nenseth HZ,Lammens T,Herrmann U,Swarup R,Veiseth SV,Emberland G,Bennett MJ,De Veylder L,Aalen RB,2014.The ASH1-RELATED3SET-domain protein controls cell division competence of the meristem and the quiescent center of the Arabidopsis primary root.Plant Physiol.166(2):632-643.
Li C,Guo S,Zhang M,Gao J,Guo Y.2015.DNA methylation and histone modification patterns during the late embryonic and early postnatal development of chickens.Poult Sci.94(4):706-721.
Liang G,Lin JC,Wei V,Yoo C,Cheng JC,Nguyen CT,Weisenberger DJ,Egger G,Takai D,Gonzales FA,Jones PA,2004.Distinct localization of histone H3 acetylation and H3-K4 methylation to the transcription start sites in the human genome.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.101(19):7357-7362.
Matthew M.Croken,Sheila C.Nardelli,Kami Kim,2012.Chromatin modifications,epigenetics,and how protozoan parasites regulate their lives.Trends Parasitol.28(5):202-213.
Mishima Y,Jayasinghe CD,Lu K,Otani J,Shirakawa M,Kawakami T,Kimura H,Hojo H,Carlton P,Tajima S,Suetake I,2015.Nucleosome compaction facilitates HP1γbinding to methylated H3K9.Nucleic Acids Res.43(21):10200-10212.
Matoba S,Liu Y,Lu F,Iwabuchi KA,Shen L,Inoue A,Zhang Y,2014.Embryonic development following somatic cell nuclear transfer impeded by persisting histone methylation.Cell.159(4):884-895.
Maurange C and Paro R,2002.A cellular memory module conveys epigenetic inheritance of hedgehog expression during Drosophila wing imaginal disc development.Genes Dev.16(20):2672-2683.
No JG,Choi MK,Kwon DJ,Yoo JG,Yang BC,Park JK,Kim DH,2015.Cell-free extract from porcine induced pluripotent stem cells can affect porcine somatic cell nuclear reprogramming.J Reprod Dev.61(2):90-98.
Perrone G,Susca A,Cozzi G,Ehrlich K,Varga J,Frisvad JC,Meijer M,Noonim P,Mahakarnchanakul W,Samson RA,2007.Biodiversity of Aspergillus species in some important agricultural products.Stud Mycol.59:53-66.
Perugorria MJ,Wilson CL,Zeybel M,Walsh M,Amin S,Robinson S,White SA,Burt AD,Oakley F,Tsukamoto H,Mann DA,Mann J,2012.Histone Methyltransferase Ash1 Orchestrates Fibrogenic Gene Transcription During Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation.Hepatology.56:1129-1139.
Strahl BD,Allis CD,2000.The language of covalent histone modifications.Nature.403(6765):41-45.
Santos-Rosa H,Caldas C,2005.Chromatin modifier enzymes,the histonecode and cancer.Eur JCancer.41(16):2381-2402.
Saxena S,Purushothaman S,Meghah V,Bhatti B,Poruri A,Meena Lakshmi MG,Sarath Babu N,Murthy CL,Mandal KK,Kumar A,Idris MM,2016.Role of Annexin gene and its regulation during zebrafish caudal fin regeneration.Wound Repair Regen.doi:10.1111/wrr.12429.[Epub ahead of print]
Steffen PA,Fonseca JP,G?nger C,Dworschak E,Kockmann T,Beisel C,Ringrose L,2013.Quantitative in vivo analysis of chromatin binding of Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins reveals retention of ASH1 on mitotic chromatin.Nucleic Acids Res.41(10):5235-5250.
Schuettengruber B,Ganapathi M,Leblanc B,Portoso M,Jaschek R,Tolhuis B,van Lohuizen M,Tanay A,Cavalli G,2009.Functional anatomy of polycomb and trithorax chromatin landscapes in Drosophila embryos.PLo S Biol.7(1):e13.doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000013.
Schuettengruber B.,Martinez A.M.,Iovino N.,Cavalli G,2011.Trithorax group proteins:switching genes on and keeping them active.Nat.Rev.Mol.Cell Biol.799-814.
Sepahvand A,Shams-Ghahfarokhi M,Allameh A,Jahanshiri Z,Jamali M,Razzaghi-Abyaneh M,2011.A survey on distribution and toxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus from indoor and outdoor hospital environments.Folia Microbiol.14:527-534.
Trojer P,Dangl M,Bauer I,Graessle S,Loidl P,Brosch G,2004.Histone methyltransferases in Aspergillus nidulans:evidence for a novel enzyme with a unique substrate specificity.Biochemistry.43(33):10834-10843.
Tanaka Y,Katagiri Z,Kawahashi K,Kioussis D,Kitajima S,2007.Trithorax-group protein ASH1 methylates histone H3 lysine 36.Gene.397(1-2):161-168.
Tanaka Y,Kawahashi K,Katagiri Z,Nakayama Y,Mahajan M,Kioussis D,2011.Dual Function of Histone H3 Lysine 36 Methyltransferase ASH1 in Regulation of Hox Gene Expression.PLo S One.6(11):e28171.Published online 2011 Nov 28.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028171.
Tripoulas N,La Jeunesse D,Gildea J,Shearn A,1996.The Drosophila ash1 gene product,which is localized at specific sites on polytene chromosomes,contains a SET domain and a PHDfinger.Genetics.143:913-928.
Tao L,Yu JH,2011.Aba A and Wet A govern distinct stages of Aspergillus fumigatus development.Microbiology.157(Pt 2):313-326.
Van Speybroeck L,2002.From epigenesis to epigenetics:the case of C.H.Waddington.Ann N Y Acad Sci.981:61-81.
Wiencke JK,Zheng S,Morrison Z,Yeh RF,2008.Differentially expressed genes are marked by histone3 lysine 9 trimethylation in human cancer cells.Oncogene.27(17):2412-2421.
Wang X,Wu F,Liu L,Liu X,Che Y,Keller NP,Guo L,Yin WB,2015.The b ZIP transcription factor Pf Zip A regulates secondary metabolism and oxidative stress response in the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici.Fungal Genet Biol.81:221-228.
Yu J,2012.Current Understanding on Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Future Perspective in Reducing Aflatoxin Contamination.Toxins(Basel).4(11):1024-1057.
Yi X,Jiang XJ,Li XY,Jiang DS,2015.Histone methyltransferases:novel targets for tumor and developmental defects.Am J Transl Res.7(11):2159-2175.
Yu J,Chang PK,Ehrlich KC,Cary JW,Bhatnagar D,Cleveland TE,Payne GA,Linz JE,Woloshuk CP,Bennett JW.2004.Clustered Pathway Genes in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis.Appl Environ Microbiol.70(3):1253-1262.
Yang KL,Liang LL,Ran FL,Liu YH,Li ZG,Lan HH,Gao PL,Zhuang ZH,Zhang F,Nie XY,Yirga SK,Wang SH,2016.The Dmt A methyltransferase contributes to Aspergillus flavus conidiation,sclerotial production,aflatoxin biosynthesis and virulence.Sci Rep.6:23259.doi:10.1038/srep23259.
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